This presentation was provided by Todd Carpenter of NISO during the Typefi Users Conference, which was held on May 2, 2019.

1. We All Know the Benefits
of Standards:
Let’s Apply That Knowledge
to Publishing Standards
Todd Carpenter
Executive Director, NISO
Typefi Users Conference
Baltimore, MD
May 2, 2019

2. ➢ Non-profit trade association SDO accredited by ANSI
➢ Mission of developing and maintaining technical standards
related to information, documentation, discovery and
distribution of published materials and media
➢ Volunteer driven organization: 230+ members and
500+ contributors spread out across the world
➢ Responsible for standards like ISSN, DOI, Dublin Core
metadata, DAISY talking books, OpenURL & MARC records
➢ US Technical Advisory Group to ISO TC 46 (Information &
documentation) & its five SCs, the JTC 1/SC 34 (Document
description and processing languages), and also serves as
ISO TC46/SC9 (Identification & Description) Secretariat
About

3. We don’t think twice about the
value of standards in creating
efficiencies in manufacturing
3

4. 4
You wouldn’t want to build one of
these machines every time!

5. And there are standards
aplenty in the publishing world
going way, way, way back
5

6. Photo: Maggie McCain -
Flickr: PB103474
6
UPPER-CASE
lower-case
Page Numbering
Ben Franklin’s A Scheme for a new
Alphabet and a Reformed Mode of
Spelling:
“Color” is how you spell “colour”

7. Can we create standards
that are native to our current
digital environment?
7

8. Publishing isn’t what it used to be

9. Skeuomorph
9

10. What are elements of
a digital native document?
10

11. Realistically we need more than this
11

12. Truly digital native documents
require a lot more…
12

13. Good quality metadata
Interoperable
Standard formats
Accessible design
Multimedia (if appropriate)
Transformable
Adaptive design
Atomize-able
Preserve-able
Linkable & Trackable
13

14. How does this all apply
to standards?
14

15. Users need content where they are,
when they require it
https://youtu.be/f1BgzIZRfT8?t=1m29s

16. 16
Reflecting back on SES Conference in 2010

17. 17
Have we made
progress since 2010?

18. Yes…
18

19. What can we do with that?
19

20. What else can we do with that?
20

21. What else can we do with that?
21

22. How can others
make this happen?
22

23. How many organizations
use this workflow?
23

24. Why is this change in workflow
better AND cheaper?
24

25. 25
Rather than building your own

26. How much would it take to
develop your own DTD from
scratch?
26

27. How much would it take to
develop your own DTD from
scratch?
$400,000-500,000+
(10 years ago)
27

28. We all want our own

29. NISO STS Project
29

30. NISO Tag Suite Family
30
NLM
JATS 1.1 (NISO
Z39.96-2015)
ISO STS
BITS
NISO STS

31. A Quick History on ISO STS
• ISO Goals:
– Improve ISO publication process
– Output in many formats: PDF, HTML or EPUB
– Create change documents (redlines)
– See: Rosenblum, B. Standards Engineering,
Vol. 65, No. 6, November/December 2013
• Worked with consultant
– Reviewed existing XML standards for
documents, such as DITA, DocBook, JATS, TEI

32. ISO Standards Tag Set (ISO STS)
Originally developed by ISO in 2011
Based on NISO Z39.96 – JATS
“Wherever possible closely aligned
with JATS with minimal changes to
tags or definitions”
32

33. ISO STS in Public
• Nicholas Fleury introduced ISO STS at 39th SPAB
• ISO posted to public Website
– http://www.iso.org/schema/isosts/
– DTD, Documentation, other resources
– Available for other standards developers

34. Origins of NISO STS in 2015
• ISO recognized the need to maintain alignment
between JATS & STS
• Adapt and expand STS to meet the needs of
broader set of SDOs, especially WRT metadata
• Expand participation by a variety of SDOs
• Move maintenance of STS to a neutral 3rd party
organization

35. Why use JATS Foundation for STS?
• Standards & journal articles share structures
– Sections
– Tables
– Figures
– Equations
– Bibliography
• Well-developed and well-tested model
• Easily modifiable for standards use
• Strong third party support

36. NISO STS Development
Steering Committee
Kim Breitfelder, IEEE
Jo Collins, NEN
Keith Doubleday, IHS Global
Becky Fadik, SAE International
Laurent Galichet, ISO
Linda Guard, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention
Debbie Lapeyre, Mulberry Technologies, Inc.
Eamonn Neylon, Signal Arc
Gareth Oakes, Global Publishing Solutions
Evan Owens, Cenveo Publisher Services
Markus Plessel, IEEE
Tim Preuss, Silverchair Information Systems
Karen Reczek, NIST
Antti Saari, SFS
Ivan Salcedo, BSI
Al Sanders, Boeing,
Greg Saunders, , OASD-R&E
Brian Trombley, DCL
B. Tommie Usdin, Mulberry Technologies, Inc.
Mike Visser, Thomson Reuters
Lesley West, ASTM
Cord Wischhöfer, DIN
Elizabeth Wolf, Copyright Clearance Center
Hong Xu, CEN
Wei Zhao, Ontario Council of University Libraries
Observers:
George Gulla, ANSI
Bob Hager, ANSI
Co-chairs
Bruce Rosenblum, Inera Inc.
Robert Wheeler, ASME
Working Group Members

37. NISO STS Development
Technical Committee
Matt Brown, BSI
Heather Flanagan, IETF
Laurent Galichet, ISO
Howard Gilson, ASTM
Frans Gooskens, NEN
Vinay Gupta, Edaptive Technologies LLC
Bob Hollowell, ASME
Gerrit Imsieke, le-tex Publishing Services
* JATS & BITS Working Group Members
Serge Juillerat, ISO
Debbie Lapeyre, Mulberry Technologies, Inc.*
Nikos Markantonatos, Atypon Systems Inc.*
Mary McRae, Dartmouth Journal Services
Ken Rawson, IEEE
B. Tommie Usdin, Mulberry Technologies, Inc.*
David Winchell, XSB Inc.
Observer:
Bob Dreyfuss, Consultant
Co-chairs
Bruce Rosenblum, Inera Inc.*
Robert Wheeler, ASME
Working Group Members

38. An open and trustworthy process

39. May 18, 2015
39
Published: ANSI/NISO Z39.102-2017
Freely available at: http://www.niso.org/standards/z39.102-2017

40. NISO STS Standing Committee

41. STS Benefits: New Products
• Easier production of HTML, ePub, Mobile
• Develop new products
– e.g. ISO Online Browsing Platform
• Aids when multiple standards are used across an
enterprise or for a single project;
• Co-publish standards
• Interchange with distributor partners
• Inter-standard linking
– Click-through linking
– Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)

42. STS Benefits: Adoption
• Consistent metadata delivery to distribution
partners
• Site-crawling indexers benefit from
consistencies
• Encourage adoption with industry users that
are publishing internal standards
Lower costs and more efficient production

43. STS Adopters
– API (1)
– ASI (Austria) (1)
– ASCE (1)*
– ASME (2)
– ASTM (2)
– AWWA (1)
– BSI (1)
– CEN (1)
– CSA (2)
– DIN (1)
– Danish Standards (1)
Adopted (1)/Adopting (2)/Considering (3)
ISOSTS or JATS-based*
– IEC (2)
– IEEE (1)*
– ISO (1)
– NEN (1)
– NISO (3)
– NIST (2)
– Standards AU (1)
– SAE (1)*
– SFS (1)
– SIS (2)
– Standards Norway (1)
– U.S. DoD (2)

44. NISO Tag Suite Family
44
NLM
JATS 1.1 (NISO
Z39.96-2015)
ISO STS
BITS
NISO STS

45. JATS Family Release History
• NLM 1.0: released April 2003
• NLM 2.0: released December 2004
• NLM 2.3: released March 2007
• NLM 3.0: released November 2008
• Moved to NISO, renamed JATS: July 2009
• First JATS-Con: November 2010
• ANSI NISO Z39.96 JATS 1.0: released August 2012
• BITS 1.0: released December 2013
• ANSI NISO Z39.96 JATS 1.1: released January 2016
• BITS 2.0: released February 2016
• (Launch of Standards-Specific Ontology Project January 2019)
• ANSI NISO Z39.96. JATS 1.2: released February 2019

46. We took initial $150,000 investment
46

47. We took initial $150,000 investment
Added 100+ XML expert volunteers
47

48. We took initial $150,000 investment
Added 100+ XML expert volunteers
Added another fifteen years of work
48

49. We took initial $150,000 investment
Added 100+ XML expert volunteers
Added another fifteen years of work
Tens of thousand dollars more
49

50. We took initial $150,000 investment
Added 100+ XML expert volunteers
Added another fifteen years of work
Tens of thousand dollars more
Focused it on the standards
community
50

51. 51
So you don’t have to build
your own one of these

52. What can you do with all this,
now that it’s available
and free to use?
52

53. Thank you!
Todd Carpenter, Executive Director
tcarpenter@niso.org
@TAC_NISO
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
3600 Clipper Mill Road, Suite 302
Baltimore, MD 21211 USA
+1 (301) 654-2512
www.niso.org