The document discusses career counseling and provides information about various theories and approaches to career counseling. It defines career counseling as an interactive process between counselor and client to address personal and social issues at an emotional level. Several theories of career development are outlined, including trait and factor theory, psychodynamic theory, sociological theory, social learning theory, and developmental theory. Key aspects, objectives, challenges, methods and stages of career counseling are also summarized. The document provides an overview of the topic of career counseling.

1. Application number:
5f9cb78aed6e11e9be8af76179bfc8d
Name: Jaya Baranwal
Affiliation: Student of Banaras
Hindu University( SWAYAM
academic writing course
learner)
Email id:
baranwaljaya1997@gmail.com

2. CAREER COUNSELLING

3. I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to the
“ACADEMIC WRITING” who bestowed me with the opportunity
to complete this project. In the process of completing the
project I learned a lot new information.
Secondly, I would like to thank my professors who introduced
the SWAYAM – an online course and informed about the
ACADEMIC WRITING course. I pay deep sense of gratitude for
valuable guidance and support.
Lastly, I would also like to thank my parent for moral and
financial support and friends who helped me in finalizing the
project within the limited time.

4. Counselling is an interactive process between the counsellor
and counselee’s need. Counselling is mostly offered for
personally and social issues. It operates at emotional level.
According to COOPER (1983) -
Counselling is the mutual
exploration and exchange of ideas, attitudes and feelings
between a counsellor and a client specifically including –
 A client’s misperceptions that create emotional overlays
affecting self – concept.
 A client’s misperceptions about the disorder.
 A disparity between a client’s thoughts & feelings.

5. Career guidance was first introduced by “FRANK
PARKSON”. National career guidance association
proposed the definition of career guidance or
counselling.
According to PARKSON, as a process of assisting
individual to choose any occupation, prepared for it
, enter upon the progress in it. It is concern primary
with helping individual to make decision and choices
involve in planning a future and building career
decision and choices necessary in effecting
satisfactory career adjusting.
OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY, Career is a person
course or progress throw life special when publicly
conspicuous or abounding in remarkable incidence.

6. There are many theories of career development and
counselling:
1. Trait and factor theory :
Frank parsons may be considered as a originator of this
theory. The theory emphasize that job should fit
according to the talent of individual.
It is assume that individual
abilities and traits can be objectively measure. An
individual who makes a choices of profession that with
his talent will remain satisfied.
HOLLAND (1997) identifies six categories in which
personality types and occupational environment s can
be classified: realistic, investigate, artistic , social ,
enterprising and conventional (RIASEC)

7. 2. Psychodynamic Theory: According to Roe when
children came into contact with parents they form their
opinions regarding varies vocations in fact parents
decide to achieve themselves in this lifetime throw the
effort of their children's to make vocation choices that
they would have made for themselves. The key activity
will be “ making intelligible interconnections among the
episodes of the client’s life.
3. Sociological Theory : It suggest that people
arrived at particular vocation more by chance than
through deliberate planning to study progress to word
an earlier defined goals. More normally we may know
that chance factor result in occupational choices.
Impulse or sudden emotional reaction in which
conscious sources appear to determine are person
behaviour and occupational choices.

8. 4. Social learning theory: In 1996, Michel and
Krumboltz added to their earlier social learning
theory approach to include the suggestion that the
entire theory we referred to us the learning theory
(learners) of career counselling.
This theory proposed four factor
to influence career development:
 Genetic environment and special ability.
 Environmental condition and event.
 Learning experiences.
 Task approach skill.

9. 5. Developmental theory : Developmental theory
assumes career developmental as a process that
take average an individual life spend. Most theory
have tended to focus on developmental stage that
are related to age in this regard recent generation
have seen. Increase interest and research in adult
including order adult super 1957 emphasize.
The role play by vocational
maturity the major concept in super theory were :
 Vocational stage.
 Developmental task to achieve if one is
successfully passed a particular stage.
 Intimidation of self – concept in developing in
career identity.
 Development of career maturity and career
pattern.

10. Super 1990 has presented a life span
developmental theories based on certain
prepositions –
 People differ in ability and personality need,
value interest – trait self concept.
 People are qualified by virtue of these
characteristics each good a number of occupation.
 Each occupation required of characteristics pattern
of ability and personality with tolerance wide
enough to follow both.
Some variety of occupation of each . Individual
and some variety of each vocation.
 Developmental theory of life- span can be guided
partially facilitating in maturity of abilities and
interest and partially by adding in reality , testing
and developmental of self-concept.

11.  To provide the student information about themselves.
 To provide them info. about their environment in which
they have to live and worth.
 To provide them knowledge about different occupation
and this advantages and disadvantages.
 To provide this info. about various education studies
this relation with the word of work.
 To provide counselling in order to promote self-
understanding would them in planning their educational
and vocational career.
 To provide placement services so that they can fruitfull
employee.

12. According to Din krneyer 1968 career objectives are
–
 To increase child understanding of this ability.
 To provide opposite for the child explorations of
aptitude interest, personality factors necessary on
certain job.
 To make a child awareness of this self image. That
will determine this choose and way of life.
 To help the child that all egoist mate occupation
are worth and while.
 To help a client or develop their realist aptitude
dealing with achieve and vocation.

13. One of the major challenge is associate with career
counselling in incoming participant to engaged in the
progress.
Example: In the U.K. 70% of the people under 14 have
supported that they had no career advice while 45% of
people over 14 had no or limited advice.
In a related issue some client grasp trends
to reject some intervention made by professional
counselling preferring to relay on pairs of suspension
within this own profession.
Jackson et. Al found that 44% of doctors in training
felt that senior members of this own profession can
best place to give career advice.

14. It is a popular method for career teach
counselling for dissemination for info. Before
selecting topic to be discuss the need of the client
is to be asses. The guidance worker should first
decide age level and emotion standard for which
the talk is involvement.
To provide most beneficial
career talk should be organize at the level of class
and final year of higher secondary school.
Guidance worker should spend time with for career
talk and extent them with the purpose of the talk.
He should also give them an idea about a subject
the aspects is expected to cover.

15. CAREER LIFE
SYSTEM
education
self
famil
y
visio
n
societ
y
The path that least advertisement and promotion in life.

16. A path that makes some obtain his wishes, course job and location.
Facts
commitme
nt
planperseveres
Self
belief

17. According to Nits and Harriet- Bowls berry :
1. Beginning and initial stage:
 To establish effective relationship.
 To began to gather information apart the cities.
 To define criminality goal for the counselling.
2. Middle and working phase:
 To explore conscious and goal in depth.
 To develop and implies a specific plans of action.
3. Ending and termination phase:
 Connect the work done in beginning and middle phases by
assessing the client assess stages.
 Relate current stages to client goal for counseling.

18.  https://www.slideshare.net/mobilet20learnin
g/career counselling-and-its-benefits
 Samuel T. Gladding- Counselling A
COMPREHENSIVE PROFESSION

19.  https://www.verywellmind.com/career-
counselor-2795645
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/career_counseling

20. Subject: Experience of this SWAYAM online course “ACADEMIC
WRITING”
Thanks to the team of academic writing course which provided
with the best knowledge about the subject academic writing .
It was great experiencing the new way of learning that is
online learning method which is slightly different from the
regular offline course.
Facilities and Information provided was up to mark and come to
be very helpful in learning this new course.
THANK YOU