Social Learning Theory of Career Choice Social Learning Theory of Career Choice There are several career development theories that help to explain how people come to choose certain careers. One prominent theory is the Social Learning Theory of Career Choice introduced by Dr. John D. Krumboltz in the late 1970’s. Dr. Krumboltz is presently a professor of Education and Psychology at Stanford University and a leader in the theory of career counseling. Social Learning Theory of Career Choice Krumboltz’s theory of career choice postulates that “career decisions are the product of the many learning experiences one has, which are made possible through encounters with people, institutions and events in a person’s environment.” In short, he believed people choose their careers based on what they have learned through the experiences and influences they have had in their lifetime. Social Learning Theory of Career Choice Krumboltz proposed that: People bring certain genetic and socially inherited attributes to their environments. As people interact with their environments, learning takes place, and self-views and beliefs are produced. These self-views and beliefs, in turn, influence one’s work related behavior and choices. More specifically, Krumboltz states that there are four main factors that influence career choice: 1. Genetics 2. Environmental conditions and events 3. Learning experiences 4. Task approach skills Social Learning Theory of Career Choice Social Learning Theory of Career Choice How do these 4 factors influence an individual’s career trajectory? 1. Genetic influences includes – race, gender, physical appearance, cognitive and physical abilities. ~These inherited qualities can play significant role in shaping an individual’s propensity for a certain job or career field. Example: an exceptionally athletic person may lean towards a sports related career. 2. Environmental conditions and events includes – social, cultural, political, and economic forces. ~These are generally outside the control of any one individual. For example, certain economic or political events can have an impact on an individual’s upbringing which may in turn, affect what career path they choose -- or refrain from. Example: a person who experiences a recession when growing up may wish to ensure he/she pursues a career that will remain stable in tough economic times. Or, perhaps that person would consider pursuing a degree in economics or political science to determine if he/she can make a difference in addressing future economic issues. Social Learning Theory of Career Choice How do these 4 factors influence an individual’s career trajectory? 3. Learning experiences -- includes instrumental and associative learning. Instrumental - learning that takes place due to a direct action or a reaction to certain circumstances. Positive and negative responses to behavior can influence career choice. Exampl.

1. Social Learning Theory of
Career Choice
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
There are several career development theories that help to
explain
how people come to choose certain careers.
One prominent theory is the Social Learning Theory of Career
Choice introduced by Dr. John D. Krumboltz in the late 1970’s.
Dr.
Krumboltz is presently a professor of Education and Psychology
at
Stanford University and a leader in the theory of career
counseling.
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
Krumboltz’s theory of career choice postulates that “career
decisions are the product of the many learning experiences one
has,
which are made possible through encounters with people,
institutions and events in a person’s environment.”
In short, he believed people choose their careers
based on what they have learned through the
experiences and influences they have had in

2. their lifetime.
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
Krumboltz proposed that:
People bring certain genetic and socially inherited
attributes to their environments.
As people interact with their environments, learning takes
place, and
self-views and beliefs are produced.
These self-views and beliefs, in turn, influence one’s work
related
behavior and choices.
More specifically, Krumboltz states that there are
four main factors that influence career choice:
1. Genetics
2. Environmental conditions and events
3. Learning experiences
4. Task approach skills
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
How do these 4 factors influence an individual’s career

3. trajectory?
1. Genetic influences includes – race, gender, physical
appearance, cognitive and
physical abilities.
~These inherited qualities can play significant role in shaping
an individual’s
propensity for a certain job or career field. Example: an
exceptionally athletic
person may lean towards a sports related career.
2. Environmental conditions and events includes – social,
cultural, political, and
economic forces.
~These are generally outside the control of any one individual.
For example, certain
economic or political events can have an impact on an
individual’s upbringing which
may in turn, affect what career path they choose -- or refrain
from.
Example: a person who experiences a recession when growing
up may wish to
ensure he/she pursues a career that will remain stable in tough
economic times.
Or, perhaps that person would consider pursuing a degree in
economics or political
science to determine if he/she can make a difference in
addressing future economic
issues.
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
How do these 4 factors influence an individual’s career
trajectory?

4. 3. Learning experiences -- includes instrumental and associative
learning.
Instrumental - learning that takes place due to a direct action or
a reaction to
certain circumstances. Positive and negative responses to
behavior can
influence career choice.
Example: if a person is continuously praised for having caring
and nurturing
abilities; that person may seek a career in one of the helping
professions, such
as nursing, teaching, or social work.
Associative - learning by observing or hearing certain behaviors
and seeing
associated responses or consequences.
Example: if a person highly values monetary compensation and
consistently hears that accountants make a great deal of money,
an
accounting job may seem like an attractive career option. (One
must be
cautious here of not just basing decisions on occupational
stereotypes.)
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
How do these 4 factors influence an individuals’ career
trajectory?
4. Task Approach Skills – includes skills that the individual
has developed over time;
such as work habits, emotional responses, and problem solving
skills.
~These skills can also influence what career you pursue.

5. Example: If a person has
always been great with computer skills, he/she will feel
comfortable pursuing a job
that requires this type of ability. On the flip side, if someone
does not have
confidence in his/her proficiency in this area, it may cause that
person to be reticent
to pursue a job that is seeking those qualifications.
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
Implications of the 4 Major Factors:
The interaction of these 4 influencing factors (genetics,
environmental
conditions, learning experiences, and task approach skills) lead
people to develop beliefs about the nature of careers and their
role in life.
Learning experiences, that are obtained from observing
significant role
models (parents, teachers, coaches etc.) also have a powerful
influence on
self-views and career decisions.
These beliefs about oneself and the world of work coupled with
previous
learning experiences are important determinants for career
choice and can
significantly affect an individual’s approach to learning new
skills.
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice

6. What can we gain from Social Learning Theory of Career
Choice?
Your career-related views may be right on target. Your previous
learning
experiences and life circumstances may have helped you to
become
confident and resolute about your future career plans.
OR
Your previous experiences and life encounters may have led you
to some
incorrect beliefs that have shaped your career related views and
have subsequently limited your ability to explore and/or pursue
certain career options.
It is beneficial to carefully examine your career related
views and to reframe certain views if necessary to further
progress in your career development.
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
Summing Up Social Learning Theory of Career Choice:
The main premise of Social Learning Theory is that individuals
choose their
careers as a result of what they have learned based upon the
experiences
and influences they have had in their lifetime.
When you are contemplating what major, degree program, and
career path
to pursue -- take some time to consider how you arrived at your
current
career-related view. What factors lead you to your present
educational and

7. career paths? Are you on the path you wish to be on?
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
Next Steps:
Help to create a learning environment that will allow you to
thrive!
As students in higher education, you have the opportunity to
gain a wide
array of new experiences, learn new ways of thinking, build new
skills, and
create goal-oriented action plans.
Career assessment tools are a great way begin gathering the
information
you need to make informed decisions by taking an inventory of
your values,
abilities & interests, and identifying what new skill sets you
aspire to attain.
Increase your career awareness! Conduct career and self-
assessments,
explore your career options, identify any potential barriers, and
begin to plan
steps that will help you to reach your goals.
Try some career assessment tools --
return to module 5 and get started!
Social Learning Theory of Career Choice
Sources for PowerPoint:

8. http://www.ehow.com/about_5427029_krumboltz-career-choice-
theory.html
http://www.people.ku.edu/~tkrieshok/pre846/lectures/krumboltz
.htm
http://www.ccdf.ca/ccdf/NewCoach/english/ccoache/e4a_bp_the
ory.htm
http://www.ehow.com/about_5427029_krumboltz-career-choice-
theory.html
http://www.people.ku.edu/~tkrieshok/pre846/lectures/krumboltz
.htm
http://www.ccdf.ca/ccdf/NewCoach/english/ccoache/e4a_bp_the
ory.htmSocial Learning Theory of Career ChoiceSocial
Learning Theory of Career Choice Social Learning Theory of
Career ChoiceSocial Learning Theory of Career ChoiceSocial
Learning Theory of Career Choice Social Learning Theory of
Career Choice Social Learning Theory of Career ChoiceSocial
Learning Theory of Career Choice�Social Learning Theory of
Career ChoiceSocial Learning Theory of Career Choice Social
Learning Theory of Career Choice Social Learning Theory of
Career ChoiceSocial Learning Theory of Career Choice
Week Four Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet
HCS/405 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix Material
Week Four Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet
Understanding health care financial terms is a prerequisite for
both academic and professional success. This assignment is
intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used
in this course.
Complete the worksheet below according to the following
guidelines:
· In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in

9. health care management. You must define the term in your own
words.
· In the space provided after each term’s definition, summarize
a health care management scenario that illustrates the
importance of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool to which the
term refers. . In the scenario, you may wish to consider the
following:
Why is the skill, concept, procedure, or tool necessary for
accurate record keeping, operational efficiency, excellent
patient services, employee management, regulatory compliance,
reducing costs, forecasting, and so forth?
What successes are enabled by an adequate understanding or
appropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool?
What risks or failures are associated with an inadequate
understanding or inappropriate application of the skill, concept,
procedure, or tool?
Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft® Word document
with your name in the file name.
Submit the file to your instructor.
Worksheet
Submitted By:
[Type your name here.]
Term
Definition
Scenario
Forecast
Full-time equivalents
Noncontrollable expenses

10. Nonproductive time
Staffing