Cardiac failure
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This document discusses heart failure, including its definition as the inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the body's demands. It covers the etiology, types, clinical features, investigations, treatment, and complications of both acute and chronic heart failure. Common causes of heart failure include reduced contractility, outflow or inflow obstructions, arrhythmias, diastolic dysfunction, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and cardiomyopathy. Investigations may include ECG, chest X-ray, blood tests, and cardiac imaging. Treatment involves diuretics, vasodilators, digitalis, beta-blockers, and procedures like device implantation or transplantation for severe cases.
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Heart failure
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, incidence, pathology, types, risk factors, etiology, diagnosis, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Heart failure is defined as the heart's inability to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. It can be acute or chronic and is a common cause of hospitalization.
- Pathologically, it involves increases in preload and afterload along with decreased contractility. The main types are based on output (low or high), the ventricles affected (left, right, or both), and systolic or diastolic dysfunction.
- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease
Heart failure
treatment of Heart Failure, CCF,
Powerpoint presentation of Heart Failure
LVF
management of Heart failure
Pathophsyology left ventricular failure
Left-sided heart failure occurs when the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to the body, cannot pump sufficiently. This causes a back-up of blood in the lungs, resulting in respiratory symptoms like shortness of breath and cough. It is usually due to conditions that damage or weaken the heart muscle over time such as heart attacks or high blood pressure. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to help the heart function more efficiently and reduce symptoms.
Heart failure management
This document defines and describes heart failure, its causes, forms, and pathophysiology. Heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is most often caused by impaired contractility from conditions like ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Heart failure can present as systolic or diastolic dysfunction and can affect the left or right ventricle. The body undergoes adaptive and maladaptive changes like neurohormonal activation to try to maintain cardiac output as heart function declines.
Heart failure
This document outlines protocols for managing heart failure. It begins with definitions of heart failure and discusses causes like coronary artery disease and risk factors like hypertension. Symptoms include breathlessness and leg swelling. Complications can include arrhythmias and renal failure. Diagnosis involves testing like echocardiograms and BNP levels as well as evaluating symptoms and NYHA classification. Management protocols focus on lifestyle changes, medications, device therapies, and sometimes surgery.
Congestive Heart Failure
موضوع تقديمي مبسط حول عجز القلب الاحتقاني والعناية التمريضية
تقديم الممرض الجامعي صلاح نزار عبد الوهاب / كلية التمريض / جامعة بغداد
Salah Nezar
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart. Common causes include coronary artery disease and hypertension. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is predominantly affected, but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves blood tests, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Prognosis depends on severity and can include complications like arrhythmias, kidney impairment, and cachexia.
Chf For Twu Jlh
This document provides an overview of chronic heart failure for nursing students. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It explains the pathophysiology of heart failure including compensatory mechanisms and the differences between left and right sided heart failure. The document discusses medical treatments to reduce workload on the heart including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta blockers. Nursing diagnoses and interventions for patients with heart failure are also reviewed.
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Heart failure
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, incidence, pathology, types, risk factors, etiology, diagnosis, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Heart failure is defined as the heart's inability to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. It can be acute or chronic and is a common cause of hospitalization.
- Pathologically, it involves increases in preload and afterload along with decreased contractility. The main types are based on output (low or high), the ventricles affected (left, right, or both), and systolic or diastolic dysfunction.
- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease
Heart failure
treatment of Heart Failure, CCF,
Powerpoint presentation of Heart Failure
LVF
management of Heart failure
Pathophsyology left ventricular failure
Left-sided heart failure occurs when the left side of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to the body, cannot pump sufficiently. This causes a back-up of blood in the lungs, resulting in respiratory symptoms like shortness of breath and cough. It is usually due to conditions that damage or weaken the heart muscle over time such as heart attacks or high blood pressure. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to help the heart function more efficiently and reduce symptoms.
Heart failure management
This document defines and describes heart failure, its causes, forms, and pathophysiology. Heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is most often caused by impaired contractility from conditions like ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Heart failure can present as systolic or diastolic dysfunction and can affect the left or right ventricle. The body undergoes adaptive and maladaptive changes like neurohormonal activation to try to maintain cardiac output as heart function declines.
Heart failure
This document outlines protocols for managing heart failure. It begins with definitions of heart failure and discusses causes like coronary artery disease and risk factors like hypertension. Symptoms include breathlessness and leg swelling. Complications can include arrhythmias and renal failure. Diagnosis involves testing like echocardiograms and BNP levels as well as evaluating symptoms and NYHA classification. Management protocols focus on lifestyle changes, medications, device therapies, and sometimes surgery.
Congestive Heart Failure
موضوع تقديمي مبسط حول عجز القلب الاحتقاني والعناية التمريضية
تقديم الممرض الجامعي صلاح نزار عبد الوهاب / كلية التمريض / جامعة بغداد
Salah Nezar
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart. Common causes include coronary artery disease and hypertension. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right side of the heart is predominantly affected, but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Diagnosis involves blood tests, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, treating underlying causes, and medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers. Prognosis depends on severity and can include complications like arrhythmias, kidney impairment, and cachexia.
Chf For Twu Jlh
This document provides an overview of chronic heart failure for nursing students. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It explains the pathophysiology of heart failure including compensatory mechanisms and the differences between left and right sided heart failure. The document discusses medical treatments to reduce workload on the heart including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta blockers. Nursing diagnoses and interventions for patients with heart failure are also reviewed.
Heart failure in pediatrics sandip
This document discusses heart failure in pediatrics. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The main causes in children are congenital heart defects and acquired conditions like cardiomyopathy. Common congenital defects that can lead to heart failure include single ventricle, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and atrioventricular septal defects. Symptoms depend on the age of onset and include poor feeding, fast breathing, cough, and failure to gain weight. Evaluation involves history, exam, echocardiogram, and blood tests. Treatment consists of diuretics, digoxin, and other inotropes to improve cardiac function, along with addressing any precipitating
Pathophysiology of Heart failure
This document discusses heart failure, including its definition, causes, types, and compensatory mechanisms. Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by intrinsic pump failure, an increased workload on the heart, or impaired filling of the cardiac chambers. The types of heart failure include acute or chronic, right-sided or left-sided, and forward or backward failure. When the heart begins to fail, compensatory mechanisms such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and increased heart rate attempt to maintain adequate blood circulation.
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The document provides an overview of congestive heart failure including its anatomy, physiology, definition, classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, and management. It discusses the etiology and precipitating causes of heart failure. The management involves pharmacological treatments including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and other vasodilators. Nursing management focuses on monitoring fluid status, administering medications, assessing symptoms and providing patient education.
18. heart part 1 basic & congestive heart failure
This document provides information on the structure and function of the normal and diseased heart. It discusses the components of the myocardium, blood supply, effects of aging, types of heart disease, cardiac hypertrophy, and left and right sided heart failure. Congestive heart failure is characterized by diminished cardiac output and backflow of blood, with morphological changes in the lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain.
Congestive cardiac failure
Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's needs. It can result from structural or functional issues that impair the ventricle's ability to fill or eject blood. Causes in infants include congenital heart defects, infections, arrhythmias, and anemia, while in children it may be due to rheumatic fever or congenital heart disease. Symptoms include poor weight gain, wheezing, edema, and irritability. Treatment focuses on improving cardiac function, reducing cardiac workload, removing excess fluid, and correcting the underlying cause through medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Chronic management of congestive heart failure
This document provides an overview of the approach to managing congestive heart failure in children. It defines heart failure and discusses its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, investigations, management, and classification systems. The management of pediatric heart failure involves general supportive measures, treatment of congestion with diuretics, correction of precipitating causes, treatment of the underlying condition, and controlling the heart failure state with medications and monitoring.
Heart failure in childhood
This document discusses heart failure in childhood. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to deliver adequate cardiac output to meet the body's needs. The most common causes in children are congenital defects like VSD, ASD, or acquired conditions like rheumatic heart disease or myocarditis. Symptoms can include feeding difficulties, respiratory distress, or failure to thrive in infants. Diagnosis involves tests like echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and BNP levels to assess cardiac function and rule out other conditions. Treatment focuses on enhancing contractility, reducing preload and afterload, and improving oxygen delivery through medications, diuretics, and surgery or catheterization for congenital defects.
Heart Failure
We a group of students from Najran University made a seminar about heart failure talks about various aspect of the topic.
heart failure in children 2015
The heart is a muscular pump made up of four chambers that drives blood through the cardiovascular system. It contains four valves that regulate blood flow between the chambers. The heart pumps blood through two main circuits - systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped by the heart, depends on stroke volume and heart rate. Factors like preload, afterload and contractility can affect stroke volume and therefore cardiac output. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Its causes, signs, treatment and classifications are described.
Cardiomyopathy
The document provides an overview of cardiomyopathies including definitions, classifications, presentations, evaluations, and treatments. It discusses the main types - dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. For dilated cardiomyopathy, it describes the etiologies, clinical features, investigations, and treatments. It notes dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiomyopathic phenotype and often a final common pathway of cardiac injuries. For hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it discusses the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and treatments including the use of beta-blockers and surgical procedures. For restrictive cardiomyopathy, it lists possible causes and notes the hallmark is abnormal diastolic function with excessive ventricular wall rig
11 heart failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects over 5 million Americans. The prevalence increases with age, reaching nearly 10% in those over 80. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling, and more. Treatment focuses on reducing cardiac workload through diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other drugs. Device therapies like CRT can also help certain patients. Lifestyle changes and strict medication adherence are important for managing the condition.
Congestive Heart Failure Drugs
This document provides an overview of drugs for congestive heart failure. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs. Causes include diseases like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and hypertension. Signs and symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, edema, and confusion. Angiotensin receptor blockers work by competitively blocking angiotensin II receptors, reducing blood pressure, afterload, and remodeling of the left ventricle. Common drug classes discussed are ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Stages of heart failure and appropriate therapies are also covered.
Congestive Heart Failure
This Slideshare includes the introduction of congestive heart failure, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, classification of drugs which is used to manage CHF, and recent drugs used to manage CHF.
Chf
This document summarizes heart failure in neonates and infants. It discusses the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure in this population. Causes of heart failure include congenital heart defects that cause excessive preload or afterload on the heart as well as cardiomyopathies. The timing of onset of heart failure symptoms provides clues to the likely etiology. Common presenting signs in infants include feeding difficulties, tachypnea, tachycardia, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, and poor weight gain. Treatment involves supporting cardiac function and addressing the underlying cause.
Heart failure in children
This document discusses heart failure in children. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The key factors that affect cardiac performance are preload, afterload, and contractility. In children, common causes of heart failure include congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and acquired conditions like myocarditis. Symptoms depend on whether left-sided or right-sided heart failure predominates. Treatment focuses on correcting underlying causes, diet modification, diuretics to reduce preload, digitalis to improve contractility, and dilators to reduce afterload. Imaging studies like echocardiograms are important for diagnosis.
Ischemic Heart Disease:Pathophysiology
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) caused by atherosclerosis of the epicardial vessels leading to coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main etiology of IHD.
Leading cause of death
Resulting from myocardial ischemia—an imbalance between the supply (perfusion) and demand of the heart for oxygenated blood.
90% of cases, the cause of myocardial ischemia is reduced blood flow due to obstructive atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries.
IHD is often termed coronary artery disease (CAD) or coronary heart disease.
There is a long period (up to decades) of silent, slow progression of coronary lesions before symptoms appear.
IHD are only the late manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis that may have started during childhood or adolescence
Ccf
The document provides information on congestive cardiac failure (CCF), including:
1. CCF occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, causing fluid buildup in tissues.
2. Risk factors include age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and coronary artery disease. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.
3. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, chest X-ray, echocardiogram and blood tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, procedures and managing underlying causes.
Cardiac hyprtrophy and heart failure
The cardiac structure includes the heart walls and chambers. Cardiac hypertrophy is an increase in heart size and weight due to mechanical overload. It can be concentric from pressure overload or eccentric from volume overload. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump adequately to meet metabolic demands. It can be due to systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Right heart failure causes venous congestion while left heart failure causes pulmonary congestion.
Cardiac emergencies
Cardiac emergencies are life-threatening disorders that must be diagnosed quickly to avoid delay in treatment and to minimize morbidity and mortality. Some cardiac emergencies include cardiopulmonary arrest from ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity, bradycardia or asystole. Other cardiac emergencies are hypertensive emergency, aortic dissection, and acute pulmonary edema.
Rheumatic heart disease and valve diseases
This document summarizes a seminar on rheumatic heart disease and valvular diseases. It begins with an introduction defining rheumatic heart disease as damage to the heart that can occur after rheumatic fever, which is caused by a streptococcal infection. It then discusses the various types of valvular heart disease, involving damage to one or more of the heart's valves. The document provides in-depth information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for rheumatic heart disease and valvular diseases, including valve repair or replacement surgeries.
Cardiology Mnemonics
This document contains mnemonics and summaries to aid in remembering various concepts in cardiology. It includes summaries of aortic stenosis characteristics, management of myocardial infarction, causes of pericarditis, heart compensatory mechanisms, distinguishing right and left heart murmurs, causes of ST elevation on ECG, Beck's triad signs, and treatment for myocardial infarction. It also includes mnemonics for jugular venous pressure causes, depressed ST-segment causes, innocent murmur features, murmur locations, cardioselective betablockers, and more.
Heart failure update 2012
This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It discusses systolic and diastolic heart failure, highlighting key differences. Medical treatments that improve survival in systolic heart failure are reviewed, including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, spironolactone/eplerenone, hydralazine/nitrates, and ARBs. The roles of diuretics, neurohormonal activation, and beta blockers are explained. Carvedilol is positioned as superior to metoprolol based on direct comparison trials.
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Heart failure in pediatrics sandip
This document discusses heart failure in pediatrics. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The main causes in children are congenital heart defects and acquired conditions like cardiomyopathy. Common congenital defects that can lead to heart failure include single ventricle, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and atrioventricular septal defects. Symptoms depend on the age of onset and include poor feeding, fast breathing, cough, and failure to gain weight. Evaluation involves history, exam, echocardiogram, and blood tests. Treatment consists of diuretics, digoxin, and other inotropes to improve cardiac function, along with addressing any precipitating
Pathophysiology of Heart failure
This document discusses heart failure, including its definition, causes, types, and compensatory mechanisms. Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by intrinsic pump failure, an increased workload on the heart, or impaired filling of the cardiac chambers. The types of heart failure include acute or chronic, right-sided or left-sided, and forward or backward failure. When the heart begins to fail, compensatory mechanisms such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and increased heart rate attempt to maintain adequate blood circulation.
Heart failure
The document provides an overview of congestive heart failure including its anatomy, physiology, definition, classification, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, and management. It discusses the etiology and precipitating causes of heart failure. The management involves pharmacological treatments including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and other vasodilators. Nursing management focuses on monitoring fluid status, administering medications, assessing symptoms and providing patient education.
18. heart part 1 basic & congestive heart failure
This document provides information on the structure and function of the normal and diseased heart. It discusses the components of the myocardium, blood supply, effects of aging, types of heart disease, cardiac hypertrophy, and left and right sided heart failure. Congestive heart failure is characterized by diminished cardiac output and backflow of blood, with morphological changes in the lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain.
Congestive cardiac failure
Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's needs. It can result from structural or functional issues that impair the ventricle's ability to fill or eject blood. Causes in infants include congenital heart defects, infections, arrhythmias, and anemia, while in children it may be due to rheumatic fever or congenital heart disease. Symptoms include poor weight gain, wheezing, edema, and irritability. Treatment focuses on improving cardiac function, reducing cardiac workload, removing excess fluid, and correcting the underlying cause through medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Chronic management of congestive heart failure
This document provides an overview of the approach to managing congestive heart failure in children. It defines heart failure and discusses its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, investigations, management, and classification systems. The management of pediatric heart failure involves general supportive measures, treatment of congestion with diuretics, correction of precipitating causes, treatment of the underlying condition, and controlling the heart failure state with medications and monitoring.
Heart failure in childhood
This document discusses heart failure in childhood. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to deliver adequate cardiac output to meet the body's needs. The most common causes in children are congenital defects like VSD, ASD, or acquired conditions like rheumatic heart disease or myocarditis. Symptoms can include feeding difficulties, respiratory distress, or failure to thrive in infants. Diagnosis involves tests like echocardiogram, chest X-ray, and BNP levels to assess cardiac function and rule out other conditions. Treatment focuses on enhancing contractility, reducing preload and afterload, and improving oxygen delivery through medications, diuretics, and surgery or catheterization for congenital defects.
Heart Failure
We a group of students from Najran University made a seminar about heart failure talks about various aspect of the topic.
heart failure in children 2015
The heart is a muscular pump made up of four chambers that drives blood through the cardiovascular system. It contains four valves that regulate blood flow between the chambers. The heart pumps blood through two main circuits - systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. Cardiac output, the volume of blood pumped by the heart, depends on stroke volume and heart rate. Factors like preload, afterload and contractility can affect stroke volume and therefore cardiac output. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Its causes, signs, treatment and classifications are described.
Cardiomyopathy
The document provides an overview of cardiomyopathies including definitions, classifications, presentations, evaluations, and treatments. It discusses the main types - dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. For dilated cardiomyopathy, it describes the etiologies, clinical features, investigations, and treatments. It notes dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiomyopathic phenotype and often a final common pathway of cardiac injuries. For hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it discusses the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, investigations, and treatments including the use of beta-blockers and surgical procedures. For restrictive cardiomyopathy, it lists possible causes and notes the hallmark is abnormal diastolic function with excessive ventricular wall rig
11 heart failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects over 5 million Americans. The prevalence increases with age, reaching nearly 10% in those over 80. Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling, and more. Treatment focuses on reducing cardiac workload through diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other drugs. Device therapies like CRT can also help certain patients. Lifestyle changes and strict medication adherence are important for managing the condition.
Congestive Heart Failure Drugs
This document provides an overview of drugs for congestive heart failure. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs. Causes include diseases like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and hypertension. Signs and symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, edema, and confusion. Angiotensin receptor blockers work by competitively blocking angiotensin II receptors, reducing blood pressure, afterload, and remodeling of the left ventricle. Common drug classes discussed are ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, beta-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Stages of heart failure and appropriate therapies are also covered.
Congestive Heart Failure
This Slideshare includes the introduction of congestive heart failure, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, classification of drugs which is used to manage CHF, and recent drugs used to manage CHF.
Chf
This document summarizes heart failure in neonates and infants. It discusses the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure in this population. Causes of heart failure include congenital heart defects that cause excessive preload or afterload on the heart as well as cardiomyopathies. The timing of onset of heart failure symptoms provides clues to the likely etiology. Common presenting signs in infants include feeding difficulties, tachypnea, tachycardia, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, and poor weight gain. Treatment involves supporting cardiac function and addressing the underlying cause.
Heart failure in children
This document discusses heart failure in children. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The key factors that affect cardiac performance are preload, afterload, and contractility. In children, common causes of heart failure include congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and acquired conditions like myocarditis. Symptoms depend on whether left-sided or right-sided heart failure predominates. Treatment focuses on correcting underlying causes, diet modification, diuretics to reduce preload, digitalis to improve contractility, and dilators to reduce afterload. Imaging studies like echocardiograms are important for diagnosis.
Ischemic Heart Disease:Pathophysiology
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) caused by atherosclerosis of the epicardial vessels leading to coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main etiology of IHD.
Leading cause of death
Resulting from myocardial ischemia—an imbalance between the supply (perfusion) and demand of the heart for oxygenated blood.
90% of cases, the cause of myocardial ischemia is reduced blood flow due to obstructive atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries.
IHD is often termed coronary artery disease (CAD) or coronary heart disease.
There is a long period (up to decades) of silent, slow progression of coronary lesions before symptoms appear.
IHD are only the late manifestations of coronary atherosclerosis that may have started during childhood or adolescence
Ccf
The document provides information on congestive cardiac failure (CCF), including:
1. CCF occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, causing fluid buildup in tissues.
2. Risk factors include age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and coronary artery disease. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.
3. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, chest X-ray, echocardiogram and blood tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, procedures and managing underlying causes.
Cardiac hyprtrophy and heart failure
The cardiac structure includes the heart walls and chambers. Cardiac hypertrophy is an increase in heart size and weight due to mechanical overload. It can be concentric from pressure overload or eccentric from volume overload. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump adequately to meet metabolic demands. It can be due to systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Right heart failure causes venous congestion while left heart failure causes pulmonary congestion.
Cardiac emergencies
Cardiac emergencies are life-threatening disorders that must be diagnosed quickly to avoid delay in treatment and to minimize morbidity and mortality. Some cardiac emergencies include cardiopulmonary arrest from ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity, bradycardia or asystole. Other cardiac emergencies are hypertensive emergency, aortic dissection, and acute pulmonary edema.
Rheumatic heart disease and valve diseases
This document summarizes a seminar on rheumatic heart disease and valvular diseases. It begins with an introduction defining rheumatic heart disease as damage to the heart that can occur after rheumatic fever, which is caused by a streptococcal infection. It then discusses the various types of valvular heart disease, involving damage to one or more of the heart's valves. The document provides in-depth information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for rheumatic heart disease and valvular diseases, including valve repair or replacement surgeries.
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This document contains mnemonics and summaries to aid in remembering various concepts in cardiology. It includes summaries of aortic stenosis characteristics, management of myocardial infarction, causes of pericarditis, heart compensatory mechanisms, distinguishing right and left heart murmurs, causes of ST elevation on ECG, Beck's triad signs, and treatment for myocardial infarction. It also includes mnemonics for jugular venous pressure causes, depressed ST-segment causes, innocent murmur features, murmur locations, cardioselective betablockers, and more.
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This document provides an overview of heart failure, including its definition, pathophysiology, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It discusses systolic and diastolic heart failure, highlighting key differences. Medical treatments that improve survival in systolic heart failure are reviewed, including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, spironolactone/eplerenone, hydralazine/nitrates, and ARBs. The roles of diuretics, neurohormonal activation, and beta blockers are explained. Carvedilol is positioned as superior to metoprolol based on direct comparison trials.
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This document discusses hypertension and heart failure. It defines hypertension as a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg and describes primary (essential) hypertension as having no known cause, while secondary hypertension has an identifiable underlying medical cause. Heart failure means the heart cannot pump enough blood and it can be systolic, from impaired contraction, or diastolic, from impaired filling. Signs of heart failure include fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention in tissues.
Heart failure
Heart failure is a common and serious condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump sufficiently. It can have multiple causes and the prevalence increases significantly with age. Prognosis remains poor with high mortality rates. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, signs, and testing like echocardiogram. Management focuses on general measures like diet, exercise, and reducing risk factors as well as specific treatments targeting the underlying cause and physiology of heart failure.
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Heart failure is defined as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that impair the heart muscle or overload it. Heart failure is classified based on location (right, left, or both ventricles), timing (acute or chronic), and pumping ability (systolic or diastolic). Signs and symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention, and reduced exercise tolerance. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications to relieve symptoms and improve pumping ability, and treating the underlying cause.
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This document provides an overview of congestive heart failure (CHF), including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management. CHF is defined as a clinical syndrome where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is most commonly caused by conditions that overload or damage the heart such as hypertension, heart attacks, and cardiomyopathy. Clinically, it presents with symptoms of fluid backup like dyspnea, edema, and fatigue. Diagnostic tests include chest x-rays, EKGs, blood tests like BNP, and echocardiography. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, addressing the underlying cause, and preventing complications through medications, lifestyle changes, and potentially devices
CHF.ppt
Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump sufficiently, causing a build up of fluid in the lungs and peripheral tissues. It can be caused by conditions like coronary artery disease or hypertension that impair the heart's ability to contract and relax properly. The document discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and nursing care of congestive heart failure.
acute heart failure.pptx
AHF is a leading cause of hospitalization in older adults and is associated with high mortality and readmission rates, with in-hospital mortality ranging from 4-10% and 1-year mortality after discharge reaching 25-30% or higher. AHF can be the first presentation of heart failure or a decompensation of known heart failure. It is classified by reduced or preserved ejection fraction and NYHA functional classification. Common causes include myocardial infarction, drugs, arrhythmias, valve dysfunction, and cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis involves clinical signs and symptoms overlapping with other conditions, along with diagnostic tests like ECG, imaging, and natriuretic peptide levels. Presentations include acute decompensated heart failure, acute pulmonary edema
HCM Slideshow
Here\'s my project for school which we\'ll present next week I believe (week of Jan. 11). Dr. Quinn and/or Terry, it would be great if you could comment, that way I can say it has been reviewed by some medical authorities. :D Thanx!
Congestive heart failure patnaik sir
This document discusses congestive heart failure in infants and children. It begins with background on the main causes of heart failure in children, which are often congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy rather than issues like coronary artery disease that commonly cause heart failure in adults. The document then covers topics like the pathophysiology and classifications of heart failure in children, as well as diagnostic workup, management, and treatment approaches. Physical exam findings and classifications like Ross and NYHA scores are also outlined to help evaluate heart failure severity in pediatric patients.
Congestive heart failure basics
1) Congestive heart failure results from any structural or functional abnormality that impairs the ventricle's ability to eject or fill with blood.
2) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a role in the vicious cycle of congestive heart failure by stimulating sodium and water retention.
3) Treatment for systolic heart failure involves correcting underlying factors, lifestyle modifications, and maximizing medications like loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and aldosterone antagonists.
Heart failure
Heart failure, also known as cardiac decompensation or cardiac insufficiency, occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that impair the heart muscle's ability to contract effectively or limit ventricular filling. Symptoms vary depending on whether the left or right ventricle is primarily affected and include dyspnea, fatigue, edema and others. Diagnostic tests may include echocardiography, ECG, chest x-ray and BNP level. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and preventing hospitalizations through lifestyle changes and medication.
Cardiomyopathy slideshare Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ...
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. There are several types classified by structural and functional abnormalities. The main types are dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type and causes the heart chambers to enlarge and the heart muscle to thin and weaken over time, reducing its ability to pump blood. Management involves identifying underlying causes, treating heart failure symptoms, and controlling arrhythmias.
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This document discusses heart failure, including:
1. Heart failure is defined as a clinical syndrome where the heart is unable to pump blood sufficiently to meet the body's needs.
2. It results from structural or functional abnormalities that impair the heart's ability to fill or pump the ventricles.
3. Heart failure is the end result of several heart diseases and is caused by increased cardiac workload due to factors like hypertension, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathy which can lead to cardiac remodeling and worsening heart failure over time if not properly managed.
Ahf In Ed 2008
Acute heart failure is the rapid onset of symptoms due to abnormal cardiac function, such as reduced pumping ability or arrhythmias. It can be caused by myocardial infarction, uncontrolled hypertension, myocarditis, or the worsening of chronic heart failure. Patients are assessed for signs of congestion at rest and low perfusion at rest to guide treatment with vasodilators, inotropes, calcium sensitizers, or natriuretic peptides. The underlying cause, such as a heart attack, also needs to be treated through measures like clot-busting drugs or surgery.
Heart failure (mma) 3
1. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs or can only do so with increased filling pressure.
2. Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and arrhythmias.
3. Symptoms of heart failure depend on whether it affects the left side, right side, or both ventricles, and include fatigue, breathlessness, leg swelling, and liver congestion.
Heart failure basics
1) Congestive heart failure results from any structural or functional abnormality that impairs the ventricle's ability to eject or fill with blood.
2) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a role in the vicious cycle of congestive heart failure by stimulating sodium and water retention.
3) Treatment for systolic heart failure involves lifestyle modifications, medications like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and devices or transplantation for refractory cases.
Cardiac Failure, Cardiac Shock, Cardiac Arrest, PPT
The Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) algorithm is a systematic, evidence-based approach designed to guide healthcare providers in the urgent treatment of: Cardiac arrest. Arrhythmias. Stroke. Other life-threatening cardiovascular emergencies.
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Cardiac failure
- 1. NailaGhole
- 2. Introduction Etiology Factors Types Clinical features Investigations Treatment Complications D/D
- 3. Inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the demands of the body. Cardiac output is normal at rest & only becomes impaired when the metabolic demand increases during exercise or in some other form of stress.
- 4. Reduced ventricular contractility Ventricular outflow obstruction (pressure oveload) Ventricular inflow obstruction Ventricular volume overload Arrhythmia Diastolic dysfunction Coronary artery disease HTN Faulty heart valves Cardiomyopathy Myocarditis Congenital heart dieases DM Drugs Sacoidosis Alcohol
- 5. Myocardial ischemia Intercurrent illness e.g. infection Inappropriate reduction of therpy Pulmonary embolism Pregnancy Thyrotoxicosis Anemia I/V fluid overload
- 6. Heart Failure Acute Heart Failure Chronic Heart Faiure Sudden onset of Relapsing & remitting dyspnea Clinical Features -Raised JVP -Raised JVP -Pulmonary Oedema -Acsites -Cardiomegaly -Hepatomegaly -Pleural Effusions -Peripheral pitting -Pitting Oedema oedema
- 7. ECG X-ray chest Blood CP LFT’s Urea & creatinine Serum electrolytes Cardiac enzymes Thyroid function test Myocardial biopsy Resting & stress radionuclide angiography ETT Cardiac catheterization
- 8. General measures for the management of heart failure: Education Diet Alcohol Smoking Exercise Vaccination
- 9. Diuretics: Thiazide Furosemide Spironolactone Vasodilators: ACE inhibitors Angiotensin-receptor antagonist Nitrates, Hydralazine Digitalis β- blockers Anti-ischemic therapy Anticoagulants Coronary revascularization Biventricular pacing Left ventricular assist devices Cardiac transplantation
- 10. Uremia Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia Impaired liver function Thromboembolism Arrhythmias
- 11. Acute renal failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Bacterial pneumonia COPD Emphysema Goodpasture syndrome MI Nephrotic syndrome Pulmonary embolism Respiratory failure Venous insufficiency Pneuomothorax Cirrhosis