The document discusses methods for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, highlighting both artificial and natural solutions. It examines various reduction techniques, including electrochemical and photochemical methods, and outlines the role of catalysts in converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and benefits associated with CO2 reduction, emphasizing the need for efficient catalysts and the low environmental impact of these processes.

1. CO2 REDUCTION
Submitted by:
Prashant (2K21CHPN01007)
Mitali Gupta (2K21CHPN01006)
Submitted to:
Dr. Roopa Rani

2. INTRODUCTION
 CO2 is a greenhouse gas.
 It is mainly responsible for the global warming and ocean
acidification.
 The methods for reduction is classified as:
a. Artificial
b. Natural
 Various chemicals and fuels are produced by co2 reduction.

3. CARBON DIOXIDE PROFILE
CHEMICAL
FORMULA
CO2
LOW
REACTIVITY
COLORLESS
GAS

4. FUTURE CHALLENGES
A recent report on the future
of carbon dioxide (Co2)
emission predicts that in the
coming few decades (2010-
2060), ~496 gigatonnes of
Co2 will be produced because
of fossil fuels combustion by
existing infrastructure.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FRabiaAziz6%2Frabia-aziz-bs-iv-reducation-of-co2-and-its-application-to-environment-ppt-
2&psig=AOvVaw2uRLneUCyc2KAVh1szwbrJ&ust=1649651233585000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCKirptPUiPcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAO

5. SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
 Co2 can be artificially converted into fuel or
commodity chemicals.
 The Co2 conversion methodology not only
addresses the potential solution for
controlling the Co2 concentration level in the
environment but also offers an alternative
approach for conversion of renewable energy
to a chemical fuel or product.
 So far, various noble metals (Ag, Au, Cu, Pt
and so on) and metal complexes are used as
heterogeneous catalysts (as electrodes ) for
Co2 reduction. However, the rising cost of
noble metals is the main hindrance towards
their large scale practical applications.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fsaurav9119%2Felectrochemical-reduction-of-carbon-dioxide&psig=AOvVaw1kVDVdBrhgM3nNR-
16f7hA&ust=1649655978304000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCPi6xenliPcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

6. Attempts at Co2 Reduction
 Radiochemical
 Chemical reduction
 Thermochemical
 Photo chemical
 Electrochemical
 Biochemical
 Bio photochemical
 Photo electrochemical
 Bio electrochemical
 Bio photoelectrochemical

7. ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION
 The electrochemical reduction of
carbon dioxide is the conversion
of carbon dioxide(Co2) to more reduced
chemical species using electrical
energy.
 Electrochemical reduction of carbon
dioxide represents a possible means of
producing chemicals or fuels,
converting carbon dioxide (CO2) to
organic feedstocks such as formic acid
(HCOOH),carbon monoxide
(CO), methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4)
and ethanol (C2H5OH).
 Among the more selective metallic
catalysts in this field are tin for formic
acid, silver for carbon monoxide
and copper for methane, ethylene or
ethanol.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_reduction_of_carbon_dioxide#:~:text=The%20electrochemical%20reduction%20of%20carbon,of%20the%20most%20promising%20approaches.

8. WORKING

9. Products obtained using different metallic electrocatalyst

10. APPLICATIONS
 REPLACE TOXIC
OXIDIZING AND
REDUCING
AGENTS
 REDUCE
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
 GREEN
METHODOLOGY
FOR ORGANIC
SYNTHESIS

11. PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION
Photochemical reduction involves chemical reduction generated from the photoexcitation of another molecule, called a
photosensitizer.

12. CATALYTIC CO2 REDUCTION
SABATIER REACTION FOR METHANE PRODUCTION
o Electrolysis of water produces H2.
o The H2 is combined with captured CO2, compressed and reacts over a catalyst at a
moderate temperature and pressure(≈225˚C, ≈5MPa) to produce methanol and water.
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O

13. CALVIN CYCLE
 The Calvin cycle is a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air
into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.
 Every living thing on Earth depends on the Calvin cycle.
 Plants depend on the Calvin cycle for energy and food.
 The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to make organic products that plants need using
the products from the light reactions of photosynthesis (ATP and NADPH).
 The products formed after a single turn of the Calvin cycle are 3 ADP, 2 glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate (G3P) molecules, and 2 NADP+.

14. STAGES OF CALVIN CYCLE
FIXATION
REGENERATION
REDUCTION

16. Merits and De-Merits
MERITS
 More affordable way to reduce Co2 levels by
directly converting the gas into useful
products.
 Convert molecules in more stable forms.
 Very low environmental impact , doesn’t
produce harmful emissions.
DE-MERITS
 Efficiency is low.
 Lack of efficient catalysts of water
oxidation & Co2 reduction.

17. THANK YOU!!
THE END