Science 10 - 2nd quarter

1. CARBON
COMPOUNDS
PREPARED BY: TYPE YOUR NAME HERE

2. S9MT - IIb -14
 Recognize different types of
compounds (ionic or covalent)
based on their properties such as
melting point, hardness, polarity,
and electrical and thermal
conductivity;

3. CARBON COMPOUNDS
1. Carbon compound is a compound
comprising carbon elements.
2. A carbon compound can be classified as:
 Organic carbon compound
 Inorganic carbon compound

4. 3. Organic compounds are carbon
compounds that are obtained from living
things such as sugar, starch, protein,
vitamin, enzyme etc. they are obtained from
plants and animals.
4. Inorganic compounds are carbon
compounds that are usually do not contain
carbon to carbon bonds such as carbon
dioxide (CO2), calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
etc.

5. 5. Most organic compounds contain the element
carbon and hydrogen.
6. Complete combustion of organic compounds
produces carbon dioxide and water.
7. Incomplete combustion of organic compound
produces mixture of carbon, C, carbon monoxide,
CO or CO2 and water.

6. HYDROCARBONS
1. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon,
C and hydrogen, H.
2. Hydrocarbons are classified into two groups:
saturated hydrocarbons
*contain only single covalent bond between carbon atoms.
example of structural formula.

7. unsaturated hydrocarbons
* contain at least one double or triple covalent
bond between carbon atoms.
 example of structural formula.

8. NON-HYDROCARBONS
 organic compounds that contain other elements
(oxygen, nitrogen, iodine, phosphorus)
 Eg: ALCOHOL

9. SOURCES OF HYDROCARBON:
Petroleum – naturally occuring sources of hydrocarbon. It
is a complex mixture hydrocarbons. These compounds
can be separated by using fractional distillation.
 < 35°C – petroleum gas
 35°C – 75°C – Petrol (gasoline)
 75°C – 170°C – Naphtha
 170°C – 230°C – Kerosene
 230°C – 250°C – Diesel
 250°C – 300°C – Lubricating oil
 300°C – 350°C – Fuel oil
 > 350°C – Bitumen

10. S
•GENERAL FORMULA
•MOLECULAR FORMULA
•STRUCTURAL FORMULA
•NAME OF EACH MEMBER
•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

11. Naming alkanes
• Identify the stem
• Identify the branch (if any)
• Put numbering on the main chain
• Name the branch first, then the stem

12. Number of carbon atoms Root name
1 meth-
2 eth-
3 prop-
4 but-
5 pent-
6 hex-
7 hept-
8 oct-
9 non-
10 dec-

13. Homologous
series
Functional group Suffix
Alkane - C – C - -ane
Alkene - C = C - -ene
Alcohol – OH -ol
Carboxylic acid – COOH -oic
Ester – COO – -oate

14. 1 2 3
propane

15. 1 2 3 4
butane

16. 1 2 3 4 5
pentane

17. Steps to name branched alkanes;
i. determined and named the long chains
ii. determined and named the branch chain
Branch name
CH3 -methyl
C2H5 -ethyl
C3H7 -propyl
C4H9 -butyl
C5H11 -pentyl

18.  -give number to the carbon atoms in long chain,
which started from the nearest branched
 -The number for carbon atom which branched
emerged from, must put before/infront the alkyl
 -Named the branched first, followed by the named
of long chains
 -The word “ di, tri” is used if the branched chains
is more than one

19. 1
2
3
4
5
2- methylpentane

20. 1 2 3 4 5
2,4- dimethylpentane

21. ALKANES
•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

23. ALKANES
•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
COMBUSTION
SUBSTITUTION
REACTION

24. SUBSTITUTION
REACTION
Example:
Reaction of methane with
chlorine
in the presence of UV

25. C
l
C
l
H
C
H
H
H
C
l
C
l

26. C
l
C
l
H
C
H
H
C
l
H C
l
C
H
H
C
l
C
l

27. C
l
C
l
H C
l
C H
H
C
l
C
l
C
H
C
l
C
l
C
l

28. C
l
C
l
H C
l
C H
C
l
C
l
C
l
C
C
l
C
l
C
l
C
l

29. Equation
Step 1
CH4 + Cl2 ---------> CH3Cl + HCl
step 2
CH3Cl + Cl2 -------> CH2Cl2 + HCl

30. Equation
Step 3
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 ---------> CHCl3 + HCl
step 4
CHCl3 + Cl2 -------> CCl4 + HCl

31. ALKANES
•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
COMBUSTION
Example :
Methane
burns in
excess air

32. C
H
H
H
H
O O
O O
C O
O H H
O
H H
O

33. equation

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