Captive Breeding of Seahorse (Hippocampus sps.)
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Sea horses are threatened in the wild due to overexploitation and need captive breeding for conservation and commercial purposes. The document outlines the captive breeding process which includes maintaining broodstock in large tanks with proper water quality and feeding them mysid shrimp. Courtship behavior is observed and young are collected and reared in separate tanks with artemia initially and later mysid shrimp as they grow larger. Proper feeding and water management is critical during the larval and juvenile phases for successful breeding of sea horses.
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This document provides information on several freshwater fish species. It includes details on the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus), describing its habitat in Japan and domestication in East Asia. It also provides features of koi fish such as size, color variations, diet and temperature preferences. Information is also given on the bala shark (Balantiocheilos melanopterus) including its distribution in Southeast Asia, habitat in rivers and lakes, water quality parameters and features. Descriptions of the red tailed shark (Epalzeorhynchos bicolor), parrot fish (Scarus frenatus), crystal red shrimp (Caridina cantonensis), lionfish (Pterois volit
Cultivable Freshwater Finfishes Of India
This document provides information on the types of culturable freshwater fishes found in India. It discusses the major categories including major carps, minor carps, murrels, catfishes, exotic fishes, and cold water fishes. Within each category, it describes 3-4 specific fish species, providing details on their physical characteristics, habitat, feeding behavior, and role in aquaculture. The document aims to outline the various freshwater fish that are commonly cultured in India for food production and economic purposes.
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The document summarizes information on 6 endangered species of fish:
1. Whale shark - largest fish, filter feeds, threatened by fishing for its meat, oil and fins.
2. Ganges shark - found in Indian rivers, threatened by overfishing, habitat loss, and pollution.
3. Bigeye tuna - circumglobal distribution, threatened by overfishing managed by regional commissions.
4. Giant grouper - largest reef fish, threatened by fishing and trade despite laws in some areas.
5. European eel - critically endangered, numbers have declined 90% due to overfishing, barriers, and parasites.
6. Atlantic halibut - largest flatfish, lives in
Culture of mud crab
The document provides information on the culture of mud crabs. It discusses the scientific classification of mud crabs, their biology, hatchery technology, and culture methods. Mud crabs can be cultured through monoculture or polyculture. They reach market size within 6 months when cultured and common diseases include white spot disease and bacterial shell diseases. The document concludes that mud crab farming is becoming popular due to demand and provides alternative livelihood opportunities through crab fattening.
EXPERT TOPIC 1306- CARP
Carp is one of the main species of China's aquaculture industry, forming 13 percent of its farmed fish output. Because of their wide adaptability, carp can be farmed in an extensive variety of regions. However, in recent years their quality in China has declined. With the blind pursuit of production volumes and backward steps in breeding management technology, many problems have appeared in carp aquaculture.
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This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
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Presentation1.pptx tilapia
1. Tilapia can be cultured using mixed-sex or mono-sex culture systems, with mono-sex culture having advantages of larger harvest weight and uniform size due to excluding female reproduction.
2. Tilapia are commonly spawned in ponds, cages, or tanks and can be produced using several techniques including visual selection, hybridization, sex-reversal, and genetic manipulation to achieve all-male populations for grow out.
3. Tilapia have a wide temperature tolerance and are omnivorous filter feeders, reaching sexual maturity at 5-6 months when water temperatures reach 24°C, making them suitable for aquaculture in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Fish farming in Kashmir focuses on carp culture and trout culture. The document discusses the introduction and cultivation of several fish species in Kashmir waters, including:
- Trout, which were first introduced in 1899 and 1900 from the UK and Scotland.
- Common carp, introduced in 1956.
- Grass carp, mirror carp, common carp, and silver carp are also cultivated.
- Polyculture techniques are used, involving mixing planktivorous and macrophyte feeding fish species to utilize all available food sources and niches in ponds without competition between species. Native fish species cultivated include various Schizothorax and Glyptosternon reticulatum.
Cat fish bio. & culture
This document provides information on 11 species of catfish from 7 families. It discusses their classification, distribution, biology, culture practices, and production. Some of the main points covered include:
- Channel catfish, African sharptooth catfish, and river catfish are among the most commercially important species.
- Catfish are farmed using cages, ponds and pens. They grow quickly and can be raised at high densities, yielding 6-10 tons/ha/year.
- Major producers include Vietnam, China, USA, Nigeria, and Bangladesh. Vietnam is the world's largest producer of catfish, yielding over 1.1 million tons in 2010 for export.
Captive breeding with case studies
Captive breeding involves breeding endangered animals in controlled, managed environments like zoos, wildlife reserves, and conservation facilities. It aims to conserve biodiversity by saving species from extinction and potentially reintroducing them to natural habitats. While captive breeding has successfully saved some species, it faces challenges like maintaining genetic diversity, adapting animal behavior for survival in the wild, and loss of natural habitat. New technologies studying gene expression and stem cells may help overcome some issues and further the goals of captive breeding programs.
Breeding, cold water fishery
Hill areas offer good scope for the development- of fisheries—both for commercial and sport purposes.
The coldwater fishery resources in India comprise high and mid-altitude lakes, rivers, streams, their tributaries and reservoirs dammed across such rivers.
The importance of coldwater fisheries lies in their unique biodiversity, valuable germplasm and maintenance of environmental quality in hills.
Coldwater fishes breed naturally but since some species have been listed as endangered, therefore artificial breeding is now being practiced to restore the diversity.
BREEDING AND CULTURE OF CARPS FISHES
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Cobia farming by B.pptx
Cobia is a marine fish species that is widely farmed in parts of Asia and has potential for aquaculture. The document discusses the life cycle of cobia farming, including collecting wild broodstock, artificial propagation through hormone induction and egg collection, larval rearing where they are fed rotifers and artemia, nursery phases where they are reared in tanks and graded by size, and grow out in net cages in marine environments. Cobia can reach market size of 2-6 kg within a year if reared in suitable conditions with proper feeding and stocking densities.
Hatchery technology of Pangasius
in this presentation you can see and learn some steps on how Pangasuis undergo Artificial Propagation .
Freshwater prawn-hatchery-and-nursery-production
This document summarizes freshwater prawn hatchery and nursery production. It describes the life cycle and biology of freshwater prawns, which are suitable for aquaculture due to their freshwater tolerance. Hatchery production involves broodstock holding, larval rearing, and nursery of post-larvae. Larval rearing requires precise water quality and live feeds. Nursery improves survival by growing post-larvae to a larger size for pond stocking. Recirculating systems are needed for temperature control in temperate regions. Proper feeding and stocking density are critical for maximizing nursery survival rates. Prawns are stocked into growout ponds in summer when water temperatures
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The document discusses rice-fish culture technology. It describes how integrated fish farming allows for maximum output with minimum inputs. Rice-fish farming involves culturing rice and fish together in the same land. Several advantages are listed, including additional crop production, pest control by fish, and increased soil fertility and profits compared to rice alone. The history, traditional practices, and recent developments of rice-fish culture are outlined. Key steps of the rice-fish culture technique are summarized such as site selection, infrastructure preparation, land preparation, nursery preparation, stocking, management practices, and harvesting.
Fresh water edible fishes
This document discusses several freshwater edible fish species commonly consumed in India. It provides details on the growth, breeding habits, and nutritional value of major carp species like Catla catla, Labeo rohita, L. calbasu, Cirrhinus mrigala. Other important freshwater fish discussed include catfishes, herrings, featherbacks, live fishes, mullets, and exotic species like Cyprinus carpio. Details on growth rates, fecundity, and maturity time are provided for many of the species.
Cage Culture of Grouper and Cobia
Groupers belongs to the family Serranidae.
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Captive Breeding of Seahorse (Hippocampus sps.)
- 1. CAPTIVE BREEDING OF SEA HORSE (Hippocampus sps.) Amit Kumar Verma* B.F.Sc 4th Sem College of Fisheries, Dholi Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa 848125
- 2. Biological Classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Actinopterygii Order : Syngnathiformes Family : Syngnathidae Subfamily : Hippocampinae Genus : Hippocampus Species : Hippocampus comes
- 3. Scenario o Once India was largest exporter; with annual trade volume of 3.6 tonnes ~ 1.2millon n o Trade declined due to over exploitation; ceased in 2001. o A need to shift from capture to culture. o Included in Protected Species Under Schedule I of India Wildlife Protection Act 1972 o Commercial important fish under CITES (Convention on Int. Trade in Endangered Spe as well as threatened (IUCN Red List ) o Farmed in 11 countries. (CITES Regulated)
- 4. Inhabit Shallow Tropical and temperate salwater HABITAT
- 5. Need of Captive Breeding Conservation & Commerce • Declined catch; depletion in wild due to over exploitation. • Increased demands as “Traditional Medicine” and Aquarium fishes. • Survival of juveniles in wild is very low. CONSERVATION VS COMMERCE ?
- 6. Morphology Long extended pipe like toothless snout Prehensile tail Bony ridges on body Dorsal fin for movement; pectoral for manoeuvre
- 7. Broodstock Management 83-87cm ht. ; 2.5g body weight Maintained in 250L circular fiber-glass tanks. 1:1 sex ratio SD is 1 Seahorse/5L of water. 27-28 degrees temperature is maintained Salinity 30-33ppt; DO 5-7.5ppm respectively. LD 12:12 Photoperiod. 30-50% water exchanged daily (in some cases twice) Nylon twine as holdfasts. Live or frozen feed. (Amphipods, Copepods, Mysid Shrimp) Mysid > Artemia – due to digestive physiology Ref : Hatchery management techniques for tiger-tail seahorse (Hippocampus comes) Ursua, Shelah Mae B. & Azuma, Teruo
- 8. Improved reproductive performance when seahorses were fed with mysid shrimp alone or in combination with artemia. Preferred feed is Mysid Shrimp. MYSID SHRIMP VS ARTEMIA ! WHAT TO FEED ?
- 11. Larval Rearing Phase 1 (0-30days) Parturition at night or early morning. 9mm young ones. Collected from broodstock tank immediately using scoop net. Reared in 250L tank; SD 3nos/L Fed with newly hatched Artemia at 3ml/L. Feeding is done twice. Tank water siphoned off daily. 30% water exchange daily. Nylon twines tied on day 15. Ref : Hatchery management techniques for tiger-tail seahorse (Hippocampus comes) Ursua, Shelah Mae B. & Azuma, Teruo
- 13. Larval Rearing Phase 2 (1-6 months) Transferred to 60L tanks; SD 1 nos/L 2 to 6 months juveniles fed with Mysids (50/Individual) 5-10% BW Critical temperature 23-24 degrees Celsius. Ref : Hatchery management techniques for tiger-tail seahorse (Hippocampus comes) Ursua, Shelah Mae B. & Azuma, Teruo
- 14. Feeding and water management scheme for seahorse. A critical point . WHY ?? Ref : Hatchery management techniques for tiger-tail seahorse (Hippocampus comes) Ursua, Shelah Mae B. & Azuma, Teruo
- 15. Hatchery layout Ref : Hatchery management techniques for tiger-tail seahorse (Hippocampus comes) Ursua, Shelah Mae B. & Azuma, Teruo
- 16. THANK YOU