2. INTRODUCTION
Belongs to family – Solanaceae
Originate from South and Central America
Popular countries- China, Turkey, Nigeria,
Mexico, Spain, U.S.A.
Fruits can widely vary in color, shape, and
size both between and within species
Therefore classification is difficult
3.
4. Mainly consists of 5 domesticated
species and 26 wild species
5 domesticated species ;
C. annuum
C. baccatum
C. chinese
C. frutescens
C. pubescens
9. Capsicum annuum
The species includes a wide variety of
shapes and sizes of peppers ranging
from bell pepper to chili pepper
Some varieties;
bell pepper
Cascabel
Anaheim
Alma paprika
Bird’s eye
Italian sweet
pepper
Cherry
Fresno
Hungarian wax
Pablano
Piquin
Pepperoncicni
10.
11.
12. Plant Characteristics- HYW & C.A-8
Herbaceous perennial
Species: annuum longum group
Leaves: ovate, smooth, medium green in
color, alternate arrangement
White colour self pollinated flower
14. Hungarian Yellow Wax (HYW)
• Yellowish green in colour
• Smooth and shiny surface
• Conical shape fruits
• Thin walled & thick flesh
• Fruit length : 15-20cm
• Pungency varies from warm to moderately
hot
• Recommended for up country
• Not suitable for low and intermediate zones
due to high susceptibility to bacterial wilt
15. C.A. - 8
• Commonly referred as “banana pepper”
• Light green in colour
• Red or orange after ripening
• Uneven surface with shiny appearance
• Curved tip
• Fruit length : 15-20cm
• Mild, tangy taste
• Recommended for both up & low country
16. Environmental Requirements
Climatic Requirements
can cultivate throughout the year
upto an elevation of 1500m
supplementary irrigation is required
during the yala season.
Soil
well-drained, loamy soils
optimum pH range - 5.5 - 6.8
water logging conditions leads to
retarded growth
17. Nursery Management
• Select an area; without shade and well
drained soil
• Prepare nursery beds, 300x90x15cm in
size
• Apply compost 3-4kg into 1m² of the bed
and mix well
• Solarization should be done by burning
paddy husk and bran on the bed
18. • Then cover up the bed with a transparent
polythene sheet for 2 weeks
• Fungicides (Captan/Thiram) can also be
added
• Seeds saw in rows in 1cm depth, leaving
10-15cm space between each for easy
management practices
• Cover the seeds slightly with soil
• Apply mulch material to cover up the bed
• Mulches should remove after 5-6 days
19. • Seeds take 8-10 days to propagate
• Shade should be provided to protect
immature plants from heavy rainfall and
sunlight
• Plants should harden before establishing in
the field by increasing the irrigation
interval about 10 days
• Keep the plants about 1 months in the
nursery
20. Field Establishment
Land preparation
Plough up to 10-15cm& harrow the land
Make beds with 1m wide and convenient
length
Planting season
Any season
Yala : April - May
Maha : November - December
21. Spacing
H.Y.W - 15cm X 30cm
C.A 8 - 40cm X 40cm
Transplanting
After 21 days of germination
22. Crop Management
Irrigation
Early stage - 4-5 days interval
Middle stage - once a week
Irrigation requirement depends on the rain
fall intensity
Irrigation before and after fertilizer
application is essential
Water stress leads to the falling off of
flowers and pods, therefore moisture
conservation of soil is essential
24. Weeding
Manual weeding after 2,4 & 8 weeks of
transplanting
Earthning up while weeding ensure the
proper establishment in the field
Chemical weeding;
After 2 days of transplanting, apply
“Alachlor” 45%, 1.4-2.4kg/ha
27. Harvest
Harvest before maturity when it’s still yellow
green in colour
Can obtain yield after 75 days of planting
Hungarian Yellow Wax :
3-4 times harvesting ; 10-15 mt/ha
C.A 8 :
In wet zone; 8-10 times of harvesting
6-8 mt/ha
In dry zone; 8-12 times of harvesting
10-15 mt/ha
28. Harvesting
On a sunny day
Avoid harvesting on rainy days or fruits
with water on it’s surface
Post Harvest Technology
•Transport soon after harvesting, packed in
plastic boxes or porous covering
•Aeration should be provided
•Can store In refrigerators