The document discusses the importance of satellite navigation systems, particularly the European GNSS (Galileo), in various sectors including public safety, transportation, and emergency services. It outlines the benefits of enhanced positioning technology for road tolling, emergency response, and monitoring hazardous goods transportation, improving safety and operational efficiency. Additionally, it addresses the need for policies to mitigate GNSS vulnerabilities and recommends advancements in receiver technologies.

1. ITN - Infrastructure, Telematics and Navigation
Turin – Lingotto FIERE 15 October 2009
Ing. Mario Caporale
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2. Satellite Systems are involved in many applications
Navigation Data Relay Satellite
Telecomunication
Earth
Observation
Sats
Processing
Mobile Centre End Users
Decision Units
Centres
Aerial
Observation
Center
ETS unit IMINT
Earth
Stations
Network
mediation
Images Fixed and Mobile Data User
Acquisition Sensors reception Community
Data Acquisition Data Exchange Data Distribution
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3. Satellite Navigation Systems contribution
• A system that is central to the lives of millions of
civil and commercial users
• Public safety dispatch – improves response time
• Search and Rescue – locates emergency calls
• Air Traffic Control – guides planes in all weather
• Telecommunications – primary timing source,
• Transportation – tracks trains, trucks, vital shipments
• Underpins Safety and Security
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4. The European GNSS
EGNOS is the first European contribution to GNSS to provide
civil complement to GPS over larger European area, interoperable
with WAAS(USA) and MSAS(Japan).
GALILEO is the Autonomous European GNSS system
•Global coverage
•30 satellites
•Independent but interoperable
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5. Galileo Signals and Services
E5a E5b E6a E6b,c E1b,c E1a
E 5 a E 5 b E 6 a E 6 b , c E 1 a E 1 b , c
Open Service (OS)
Single frequency
Dual frequency
Commercial Service (CS)
Value added
Multiple Carrier
Safety-of-Life Service (SoL)
Public Regulated Service (PRS)
Search and Rescue Service Near real-time; Precise; Return link feasible
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6. The new capabilities introduced by Galileo
The European GALILEO system introduces new
capabilites:
Signal Integrity
Service Guarantee
Signal diversity
Certification for the Service “Safety of Life”
Local Elements
Increasing the Availability:
– GPS alone: 55% of urban coverage
– GPS + Galileo: 95% of urban coverage
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7. GNSS & Road Sector
GNSS Technology
• Present GPS commercial (mass market) utilisation
has an accuracy of ~15m
• European EGNOS augmentation ~4m
• Concerted action with Wireless communication links
(GSM, UMTS, WiMAX, Satcom) and IT platforms
enable a wide range of innovative services (Pay as
You drive, Location Based Services, Traffic
monitoring…)
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8. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
Road Tolling
Important role of satellite positioning and
cellular communications in road charging
interoperability
Expected benefit of new satellite positioning
systems:
Possibility to define zone tolls
Possibility to charge according to
route followed and time of the day
Precise positioning allows high rate
discrimination between toll zones
Higher reliability allows lower rate of
errors, i.e. fair charging, lower rate of
contentions
Car Insurance
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9. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
Emergency Calls
Impact of increased performance
of positioning technology: Vehicle
Higher performance Airbag status
Wheels status
ABS
positioning may allow: Vehicle sensors Gyrometer
No of passengers
Vehicle ID E-Call
• Lane of accident detection .... GSM
GPRS E-Call Service Centre
GPS module or UMTS
• Identification of specific Navigation unit Localisation
conditions (e.g. turning, Medical rescue
hump, deep) Emergency button
Mechinal rescue
Police assistance X-112
...
E-112 fallback
…and:
E-Call Service Centre
• Reduce wrong positioning on PSAP
X-112
parallel roads
• Reduce time to move
emergency vehicles on the spot
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10. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
Dynamic Navigation
Impact of increased performance of positioning
technology:
Improved availability = Reduced reliance on in-
vehicle inertial sensors:
Low cost entry-level navigation systems
Door-to-door PDA based systems with
acceptable performances also when pedestrian
Improved accuracy = More robust navigation
service:
No wrong positioning on parallel roads
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11. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
Hazardous Goods Transport
Expected benefit of new satellite positioning systems:
Improved positioning availability, reliability, accuracy = more
safety in the transport
Reduced time to the spot for emergency vehicles
Better prevention/management of intersections of hazardous
goods transports
Monitoring in difficult environment (tunnels, mountains …)
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12. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
Access Control
Present technology based either on:
• Automatic Number Plate
Recognition (ANPR)
• e.g. “Ecopass” for Milan
dowtown
or
• Dedicated short-range
communications (DSRC)
• e.g. “Telepass” devices
operating on the Italian
highways networks
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13. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
Access Control
So liability critical application will be possible with GALILEO. Quick definition
But which benefits come from the use of GNSS in Access Control applications? of access
controlled areas
for emergency
operations
Dynamic
definitions (SW) of
Access controlled
areas
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14. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
Law Enforcement
Liability critical Applications need law enforcement activities
*System could provide automatic law enforcement but citizen acceptance would be terribly low
Electronic Number Plate (ENP) starting from the present
governamental initiatives
A hand held device dedicated to the enforcement
operators can potentially obtain:
•Static info: vehicle owner, number plate, engine type…
•Dynamic info: status of insurance and fees…
•Instantaneous info: present driver, authorisations…
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15. Impact of New Satellite Positioning Systems on ITS
ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems)
The more challenging ADAS applications require positioning
performances (radio positioning + map) not met by current systems
EGNOS/Galileo will probably be enablers
In some cases even EGNOS/Galileo are not sufficient = local
element?
EGNOS/Galileo can also have a role in improving map accuracy
In safety-related applications the availability of integrity
information will be essential
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16. National Projects on ITS
Italy, recognising the potentiality of SatNav technology as powerful
“enabler” of applications and services, have undertaken initiatives to
develop pre-operational projects to pave the way to an extensive use
of European GNSS.
The national projects, aimed to exploit the new features GALILEO
will bring, answer to a specific public demand:
Increase the Safety in the Transport Sectors
(Maritme, Civil Aviation, Road Transport and infomobility)
and in general
Improve Territory Safety and Security
The national projects on ITS are concentrated to:
– Hazardous goods transportation
– Road Traffic and Infomobility
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17. DANGER: Hazmat Transportation Project
Major Aims:
Develop a pre-operational system for Monitoring, Management and Control of
Hazardous Goods Transportation in multi-modal (road, rail, and inland waterways)
Major Products:
SW Radio on board integrated terminals:
• multi-system capabilities (GPS + Galileo)
• use of local augmentation systems
• communication components
– Local Elements for:
• navigation performance augmentation
• positioning certification, dedicated data exchange, interference monitoring,
assisted services, etc.
– Pseudolites for service continuity (eg. tunnels)
– Hybridized system for road and river navigation
– Drive control algorithms, communication channels optimisation, conflicts management
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18. INFOSAT: Road Traffic and Infomobility
Major Aims:
• Road Tolling and Access Control
• Traffic Monitoring and control
• Emergency response
Social and commercial benefits:
• Pollution reduction, traffic jam decrease
• Better use of road infrastructures
• Safety increase
• Prompt emergency response
• Combined use of GPS, EGNOS and the potentialities of GALILEO (even if
not completely available during the project timeframe)
• Innovative communication solutions (sustainable communications cost)
• Guarantee of Positioning and its continuity.
• Hybridisation
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19. General Recommendations
to mitigate GNSS vulnerability
Vulnerability Mitigation Risk Awareness
• Ensure adequate backup systems • Emphasize education programs
• GNSS modernization • Conduct public outreach
• Spectrum protection • Grow awareness towards industry,
• Enhance interference location state/local Transportation Departments
capabilities
Future Direction
GNSS Receiver Enhancement • Intermodal radionavigation capabilities
• Certify safety-critical GNSS receivers assessment
• Develop GNSS receiver standards • Make decision on the future of Loran-
• Develop Hybridisation (Inertial C
sensors, chip atomic clocks, ..) • Develop European Radionavigation
Plan
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20. High Technologically integrated Receivers
CH
IP
ER SC
EIV AL
REC E
AT
IO OM
RAD IC
D CL
INE OC
DEF K
ME SW
MS
IN
ER RCE Solar powered node
TIA
LM S OU
EA ER
SU W
RM PO
EN RO
T M IC
UN
IT
MEMS Fuel cells
Piezo-thermo engine20