Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have become a vital target for biologists and researchers.
The following presentation focuses on the treatment of cancer through targeting CSCs and its advantages.
Cell within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor”.
“CSC can thus only be defined experimentally by their ability to recapitulate the generation of a continuously growing tumor”.
These hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis.
Cell within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor”.
“CSC can thus only be defined experimentally by their ability to recapitulate the generation of a continuously growing tumor”.
These hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis.
iPSCs are pluripotent; unlike ESC, iPSCs are not derived from the embryo, but instead created from differentiated cells in the lab through a process – cellular reprogramming.
CAR-T cells (Chimeric Antigen Receptor- T cells) are T cells that have been genetically engineered to produce an artificial T cell receptor for use in immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptors are receptor proteins that have been engineered to give T cells the new ability to target a specific protein.
This therapy use to treat several type of cancer but significantly treat leukemia. And this therapy is very effective than other.
it gives detail or you can say brief introduction of iPS cells , what are they , how can be obtained , what are the future possibilities of iPS cells what promise it made to upcoming future technology to medical health
This PPT is about immune system and immune therapy, some basic knowledge about Chimeric Antigen Receptor or CAR technology and its application on tumor therapy.
A seminar I gave as a PhD student reviewing the role of stem cells in the development of various different kinds of cancers, as well as emerging treatment options.
A type of treatment in which a patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will attack cancer cells. T cells are taken from a patient’s blood. Then the gene for a special receptor that binds to a certain protein on the patient’s cancer cells is added in the laboratory. The special receptor is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Large numbers of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Also called chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
iPSCs are pluripotent; unlike ESC, iPSCs are not derived from the embryo, but instead created from differentiated cells in the lab through a process – cellular reprogramming.
CAR-T cells (Chimeric Antigen Receptor- T cells) are T cells that have been genetically engineered to produce an artificial T cell receptor for use in immunotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptors are receptor proteins that have been engineered to give T cells the new ability to target a specific protein.
This therapy use to treat several type of cancer but significantly treat leukemia. And this therapy is very effective than other.
it gives detail or you can say brief introduction of iPS cells , what are they , how can be obtained , what are the future possibilities of iPS cells what promise it made to upcoming future technology to medical health
This PPT is about immune system and immune therapy, some basic knowledge about Chimeric Antigen Receptor or CAR technology and its application on tumor therapy.
A seminar I gave as a PhD student reviewing the role of stem cells in the development of various different kinds of cancers, as well as emerging treatment options.
A type of treatment in which a patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) are changed in the laboratory so they will attack cancer cells. T cells are taken from a patient’s blood. Then the gene for a special receptor that binds to a certain protein on the patient’s cancer cells is added in the laboratory. The special receptor is called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Large numbers of the CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. Also called chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
a presentation that helps to educate us about the rising incidence of cancer in our environment. it also tells us about the silent nature of some cancers, which at the point of diagnosis is in the late stages
Cancer is disease where cells grows out of control and invade, erode and destroy normal tissues
Normal body cells grow, divide and die in orderly fashion
Cancer cell does not obey this path
Cancer cells don't die (Immortality). They just continue to grow and divide in disorderly fashion
This makes it hard for the body to work the way it should
Precision Medicine and its potential in Cancer management & treatment.pptxGunjitSetia1
Precision medicine is a revolutionary approach in healthcare that harnesses cutting-edge technologies and genetic insights to transform cancer management and treatment. By tailoring medical interventions to the unique genetic and molecular characteristics of each patient's cancer, precision medicine holds the potential to significantly improve outcomes and reduce side effects. In this era of personalized oncology, we explore the promising role of precision medicine in the battle against cancer, offering new avenues for early detection, targeted therapies, and more effective treatment strategies.
South Carolina Childhood Cancer Research Lab PresentationGoing Places, Inc
Childhood Cancer Research at the Medical University of South Carolina September 12, 2014 Jacqueline M Kraveka, D.O. Associate Professor Director, Pediatric Oncology Research Laboratory Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology-Oncology
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body
Causative agents – chemical, toxic compound exposures, ionizing radiation, some pathogens
Most cancer form tumors, but not all tumors are cancerous.
Running head INEFFECTIVE CANCER TREATMENTS LEADING TO DEATHS1.docxcowinhelen
Running head: INEFFECTIVE CANCER TREATMENTS LEADING TO DEATHS 1
INEFFECTIVE CANCER TREATMENTS LEADING TO DEATHS 18
Ineffective Cancer treatments leading to deaths
Name
Course
Tutor
Date
Abstract
The main focus of the report will be to research on the various methods through which cancer can be treated with a keen eye on why some methods are ineffective and lead to death. A discussion on different cancer treatment will be done followed by the types of cancer that cause millions of death today. Presentation of answers to the research questions will be done in line with ineffective cancer treatment methods. Relevant literature review will be conducted and used to support the claims of ineffective cancer treatments. Lastly, recommendations on the best cancer treatment will be done.
Introduction
Cancer is an ailment caused by the unrestrained division of abnormal cells in the body. The cancer cells are malignant meaning they can spread from the origin to distant organs and tissues. The disease can be genetically hereditary hence can be crossed over from one generation to another. Some of the forms of cancer treatment include targeted therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, precision medicine, surgery, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplant. Some of the common types of this disease include lung, liver, stomach, and bowel cancers.
Cancer is also called as malignancy which means abnormal cells growth. More than 100 types of cancer are found in this world today, including breast cancer (widely spread among women), skin cancer (found in the person of almost every age), lung cancer (common among smokers), colon cancer, lymphoma and prostate cancer. Each kind of cancer has varying symptoms. Cancer differs with respect to the cell it affects first. The uncontrollable division of cells harm the body and form lumps and the masses of tissues which are known as tumors. The tumor grows in size and sometimes even intervene the digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and nervous system. In the case of leukemia, cancer inhibits the normal blood functioning which is caused due to the abnormal cell division into the blood stream. Cancer also causes the systems of the body to secrete hormones that alter the body functioning. Tumors that do not grow and remain limited to one spot are considered to slightly less harmful and benign. The sign of the more dangerous and malignant cells is:
1. The harmful cancerous cells move from one spot to another throughout the body using blood as a medium and invade the organs and the healthy tissues of the body.
2. These cells grow and divide rapidly, they make blood vessels of their own which are used by them in the process of feeding, called as angiogenesis.
Then comes a stage is known as metastasized in which the tumor spread successfully to the other parts of the body, penetrating into the healthy tissues of the body and damaging them badly. The process is known as metastasis. It cause ...
Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and CarcinogenesisPUBH 6.docxbagotjesusa
Introduction to Cancer Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis
PUBH 6550/8550
Chronic Disease Epidemiology
1
Cancer is a term describing malignant diseases. Cancer should not be thought of as a single disease but rather a group of diseases which may have many characteristics in common but not necessarily the same causative agents, etiology or molecular profiles. In general, cancer defines diseases that have the capacity to invade surrounding normal tissue, metastasize (spread to distant sites) and kill the host in which it originates.
Objectives
What is the definition of cancer?
Benign vs. Malignant
Most common cancer types in men and women
Learn how to obtain cancer-related data using Internet sources
Understand cancer staging
Understand the basics of how carcinogenesis occurs
Describe inherited cancer syndromes
2
Causation and Cancer
Examples of Identified Causes and
Future Efforts in Cancer Prevention
Tobacco use and lung cancer
Infectious agents (e.g., HPV) and cervical cancer
Ionizing radiation and leukemia
Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor
4
4
The concept of causation has long had a central role in the application of epidemiologic evidence for controlling cancer. Designation of a risk factor as “causal” has been the starting point for initiating cancer prevention programs based on reducing exposure to the risk factor. Though the concept of causation remains a matter of continuing discussion, use of the term in public health implies that the evidence supporting causality of association has reached a critical threshold of certainty and that reduced exposure can be expected to be followed by reduced disease occurrence. In other words, if there is “enough” evidence supporting a particular risk factor (or a preventive or prognostic factor), it seems to be considered ‘causal’. Keep in mind, though, that risk factor is the most proper term.
What is cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death.
Characteristics: Abnormality, Uncontrollability, invasiveness
5
5
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not controlled, it can result in death. Although cancer is often referred to as a single condition, it actually consists of more than 100 different diseases. These diseases are characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer can arise in many sites and behave differently depending on its organ of origin. Breast cancer, for example, has different characteristics than lung cancer. It is important to understand that cancer originating in one body organ takes its characteristics with it even if it spreads to another part of the body. For example, metastatic br.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
4. • Responsible for tumor
initiation, progression,
metastasis, recurrence
and drug resistance
• subpopulations that have been discovered in
various types of cancer
5. CANCER STEM CELLS
HYPOTHESIS
“TUMORS ARE GENERATED AND
MAINTAINED BY A SMALL SUBSET
OF UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS THAT
ARE ABLE TO SELF-RENEW AND
DIFFERENTIATE TO GENERATE CELLS
THAT CONSTITUTE THE BULK OF
THE TUMOR ”
6.
7. • CANCER STEM CELLS ARE CHARACTERIZED
BY HAVING SURFACE MARKERS.
• AN EFFICIENT WAY OF TREATMENT WOULD
BE TARGETING THESE SURFACE MARKERS
