This document defines and describes several types of camera movements and techniques, including panning, dollying, tracking, zooming, dolly zoom, and focus pull. Panning involves rotating the camera horizontally on a fixed tripod. Dollying moves the camera forward or backward along tracks towards or away from the subject. Tracking differs from dollying by moving the camera sideways parallel to the subject. Zooming adjusts the lens magnification while keeping the camera stationary. A dolly zoom combines dollying and zooming to make the subject appear to change size while maintaining the same framing. A focus pull changes the focus within a shot from one subject to another.

1. Camera Movement

2. When a pan happens the camera is aimed sideways along a straight
line. It is fixed on a tripod, with the cameraman turning it either left
or right. It is normally used to capture images of moving objects.
Panning

3. This is where the whole camera is moved forward or backward,.
They are usually often used when recording a subject that moves
away or towards the camera. Moving the camera forward is called
dolly in. Moving the camera backward is called dolly out.
Dolly

4. Tracking is slightly similar to dolling. However the big
difference is that in dollies the camera is moved toward
or away from the subject. Whereas in a tracking shot,
the camera is moved sideways, parallel to an object.
Track

5. A zoom is where the camera remains at a constant position, but
the lens magnify or minimise the size of the object. If you zoom in
it transforms the lens into telephoto. Whereas if you zoom out it
changes it into a wide-angle.
Zooming

6. A dolly zoom is a unique type of effect. To create it, the
camera will have to dolly closer or further away from
the subject while the zoom is adjusted so the size
remains the same.
Dolly Zoom

7. A focus pull is a creative camera technique in which you change
focus during a shot. Usually this means adjusting the focus from
one subject to another. An example of a focus pull is seen in the
one-off drama Coming Down the Mountain. This is seen when the
boy is talking about his disabled brother, whilst they are sitting at
the bus stop. The camera is filming them at a bus stop with other
people. However when he talks about paedophiles the camera
pulls back and focuses on the dodgy looking man at the bus stop
with them. This is effective as it takes our focus off the brother
and makes the audience cautious of the guy at the bus stop.
Focus pull