Framing techniques, the rule of thirds, depth of field, and focus pulls are important concepts in photography and videography. The rule of thirds suggests placing subjects one third from the edges of the frame. Depth of field refers to the distance between the nearest and furthest objects that appear in focus, and can be altered using different lenses or focal lengths. Focus pulls involve shifting the point of focus within a scene, such as focusing on an actor and then pulling focus to an object in the foreground.

1. Framing, Rule of thirds, Depth of field, Deep and Shallow focus, Focus puller

2. Framing
(position of the subject)
 When framing people, you should generally
put their eye-level about two thirds of the way
up the screen.

3.  In shots, leave a little headroom – space between
the top of the head and the edge of the TV screen.

4.  If the person you’re shooting is looking off-screen
(not directly into the camera) make sure you leave
some ‘nose-room’, or ‘talking space’.

5. Rule of Thirds
 Horizontal lines, like the horizon, can look boring if
you place them in the centre of the screen. They
look much better one third from the top or bottom.
The same applies for vertical lines – put vertical
objects one third in from the left or right of the
screen. If you divide your screen into thirds, both
vertically and horizontally, the four intersecting
points are ‘points of interest’ where the eye is
naturally drawn. Consider these ‘sweet-spots’
when framing up.

8. Depth of Field
 Depth of field is the front-to-back range of focus in
an image — that is, how much of it appears sharp
and clear.
 It is the distance between the nearest and farthest
objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in
an image.
 Lens can alter the sharpness levels.
 The focal length of the camera lens can alter the
depth of changes.

10. Deep and Shallow Focus
 Deep focus uses a large depth of field.
Consequently, in deep focus the foreground,
middle-ground and background are all in focus.

11.  Shallow focus uses a small depth of field.
 In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus
while the rest is out of focus.

12. Focus Pulls
(Movement)
 Focus pulls are frequently used to shift the focal
point from one part of a scene to another. For
example, an actor may be in focus at a distance of
20ft from the camera at the far side of the room
and the shot includes a telephone in the
foreground which is out of focus. As the phone
rings, the actor turns and the focus puller pulls
focus so that the phone becomes sharp and the
actor goes out of focus. This action is a focus pull.

14. Guess!

19. Wrong or Right?