CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE: 11.4 THE MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE. It contains: key terms and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.

1. A2GEOGRAPHYREVISION
PRODUCTIONLOCATIONANDCHANGE
11.4 THEMANAGEMENTOF
INDUSTRIALCHANGE

2. KEYTERMSANDDEFINITIONS
BRIC is the abbreviation for Brazil, Russia, India and China.
Foreign direct investment is overseas investment in physical capital by
transnational corporations.
Heavy industry is one with heavy/bulky raw materials and heavy/bulky
finished products, e.g. iron and steel.

3. With in excess of one billion people, India has the second largest
population in the world.
The service sector accounts for 52 per cent of India’s GDP, with industry
and agriculture respectively responsible for 28 per cent and 17 per cent.
Textiles is the largest industry in the country, employing about 20 million
people and accounting for one-third of India’s exports.
The car industry has expanded significantly in recent times and is now the
seventh largest in the world with a production of 2.6 million vehicles in
2009.
TOPICSUMMARY

5. TOPICSUMMARY
India has built a global reputation in the field of software and ICT in
general.
In 1950, India was arguably the first non-communist developing country to
institute a fully-fledged industrial policy.
The role of heavy industry, particularly iron and steel, was emphasised,
with the public sector playing a major role in the structural transformation
of the economy from what was primarily an agricultural society.
The Planning Commission has taken the major role in formulating industrial
policy and in guiding India’s ongoing industrial revolution.

7. TOPICSUMMARY
The currency crisis of 1991 proved to be a major turning point, instigating
bold economic reforms that resulted in rapid economic growth that is likely
to double average productivity levels and living standards in India every 16
years.
Tariffs on imports were significantly reduced along with other non-tariff
trade barriers as a result of India’s membership of the World Trade
Organization (WTO).
India’s technological success has not been confined to the ICT industry.
India’s corporations have achieved significant growth in a number of
industries including in particular pharmaceuticals and auto components.

8. TOPICSUMMARY
The relationship between growth of manufacturing and that of services is
an issue of considerable significance for the economic development of the
country.
Like many other countries India adopted regional economic planning and
tried to encourage a better spread of industry around the country.
In the last two decades India has spawned a modern, highly export-
oriented ICT industry. The export intensity of Indian software is more than
70 per cent, compared with an overall export intensity of 10 per cent for
the economy as a whole.
Bangalore, Hyderabad and Chennai, in the south, along with the western
city of Pune and the capital city Delhi, have emerged as the centres of
India’s high technology industry.

11. ADDITIONALWORKS
1. Conduct some research to find the latest industrial production data for
India.
2. For a city other than Bangalore produce a time chart to illustrate its
industrial development.
3. With reference to industrial policy and changes in industrial production
in India, a describe the issues faced in the management of industrial
change and b evaluate the attempts made to overcome the issues you have
identified.

12. SUGGESTEDWEBSITES
www.indiaonestop.com
www.agriculture-industry-india.com
www.indianchild.com
www.cii.in