DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE TRANSPORT OF E.COLI IN A NAT...IAEME Publication
Development of mathematical model to predict the rate of microbial depositions (E.coli) in a natural pond has been carried out. The models were developed to monitor the rate of concentration at different periods, with respect to the length of the pond at various sample station. Results of the theoretical values were compared with the experimental analysis. The analysis was thoroughly done to determine the physiochemical parameters of the pond. Microbial traces were found from the experimental analysis at different periods up to hundred days. The developed model compared favourably well with the experimental values. The values explain the rate of microbial growth and level of lag phase condition. The growth rate of the microbes were found to be higher because there is high deposition of substrate for growth and energy, while at some periods it degrades showing that the substrates have reduced in concentration including the inhibition from the pH. In some cases when the microbes developed lag phase condition it may be as a result of other environmental factors. Finally, the growth rates are between fifty and hundred days, showing that there is constant regeneration of the microbes including other environmental factors.
ASSESSMENT OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN CANAANLAND, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.O...Felix Oginni
Effluent from a sewage treatment plant in Covenant University, Canaanland is made to pass through a series of constructed wetland before discharging into a gully that drains into River Iju (also known as Atuara). This river is used as a source of drinking water and also provides food in form of fish for hundreds of thousands of people downstream and eventually enters the lagoon, some 60km away. Effectiveness and adequacy of the wastewater treatment facility in place was assessed in order to improve sanitation within this watershed, thereby alleviating environmental challenges in this coastal region of Nigeria. Waste water is gravity drained to the southwest portion of the campus where the solid is removed and the liquid is allowed to flow through six sets of constructed wetlands, each with four chambers. Within each chamber are water hyacinth plants put in place to remove nutrients from the waster water.
A quick survey of the facility shows the system to be effective in reducing and removing solids and dissolved solids from the waste water. The pH ranged between 6.6 and 6.8, conductivity from 530 to 600, and total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 360 – 400 ppm. The data obtained indicate that some modifications need to be made as the waste water treatment system is not very efficient in reducing the amount of TDS and nutrients. The flow rate is considered to be very high from cell to cell, thereby not allowing time for the plants and microbes to reduce the TDS. It is suggested that some method be devised to slow down the flow rate to allow the plants and microbes to work on reducing the TDS. Parameters also also considered included DO, E. Coli. Nitrate and Phosphates.
Water Pollution Control for Mandalay KanDawGyi Lake by Natural Treatment Systemijtsrd
This paper emphasized on "Water Pollution Control for Mandalay KanDawGyi Lake by Natural Treatment System". KanDawGyi Lake is used for wastewater collection. It is situated in ChanMyaThaZi Township, Mandalay and near the AyeYarWaddy river. Residential, commercial and industrial area are existed surrounding the KanDawGyi Lake. Water from human activities such as cooking, bathing, washing and septic tanks effluent is discharged into drains by gravity flow without treatment. Average six million gallons of wastewater discharged from Mandalay City area flow into KanDawGyi Lake passing through ThinGaZar creek daily. So, lake water has been contaminated by domestic wastewater. This has resulted detrimental effects on the ecosystem. Water in recreation center should be aesthetically pleasing and essentially free of toxicants and pathogenic organisms. Seven collection points such as entrance, east of north side, south east of north side, south of north side, water fountains, PyiGyiMon barge and exit of KanDawGyi Lake are chosen to collect the wastewater sample. The water quality of KanDawGyi Lake is evaluated by various parameters such as temperature, turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, total solids and bacteria. According to test results, alkalinity, chlorides, dissolved solids, suspended solids, and total solids are uncertified. Therefore, in this paper wetland design of natural treatment system is used at the entrance of the lake to control the water pollution. Moh Moh | San San Myint "Water Pollution Control for Mandalay KanDawGyi Lake by Natural Treatment System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25323.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25323/water-pollution-control-for-mandalay-kandawgyi-lake-by-natural-treatment-system/moh-moh
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE TRANSPORT OF E.COLI IN A NAT...IAEME Publication
Development of mathematical model to predict the rate of microbial depositions (E.coli) in a natural pond has been carried out. The models were developed to monitor the rate of concentration at different periods, with respect to the length of the pond at various sample station. Results of the theoretical values were compared with the experimental analysis. The analysis was thoroughly done to determine the physiochemical parameters of the pond. Microbial traces were found from the experimental analysis at different periods up to hundred days. The developed model compared favourably well with the experimental values. The values explain the rate of microbial growth and level of lag phase condition. The growth rate of the microbes were found to be higher because there is high deposition of substrate for growth and energy, while at some periods it degrades showing that the substrates have reduced in concentration including the inhibition from the pH. In some cases when the microbes developed lag phase condition it may be as a result of other environmental factors. Finally, the growth rates are between fifty and hundred days, showing that there is constant regeneration of the microbes including other environmental factors.
ASSESSMENT OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT IN CANAANLAND, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.O...Felix Oginni
Effluent from a sewage treatment plant in Covenant University, Canaanland is made to pass through a series of constructed wetland before discharging into a gully that drains into River Iju (also known as Atuara). This river is used as a source of drinking water and also provides food in form of fish for hundreds of thousands of people downstream and eventually enters the lagoon, some 60km away. Effectiveness and adequacy of the wastewater treatment facility in place was assessed in order to improve sanitation within this watershed, thereby alleviating environmental challenges in this coastal region of Nigeria. Waste water is gravity drained to the southwest portion of the campus where the solid is removed and the liquid is allowed to flow through six sets of constructed wetlands, each with four chambers. Within each chamber are water hyacinth plants put in place to remove nutrients from the waster water.
A quick survey of the facility shows the system to be effective in reducing and removing solids and dissolved solids from the waste water. The pH ranged between 6.6 and 6.8, conductivity from 530 to 600, and total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 360 – 400 ppm. The data obtained indicate that some modifications need to be made as the waste water treatment system is not very efficient in reducing the amount of TDS and nutrients. The flow rate is considered to be very high from cell to cell, thereby not allowing time for the plants and microbes to reduce the TDS. It is suggested that some method be devised to slow down the flow rate to allow the plants and microbes to work on reducing the TDS. Parameters also also considered included DO, E. Coli. Nitrate and Phosphates.
Water Pollution Control for Mandalay KanDawGyi Lake by Natural Treatment Systemijtsrd
This paper emphasized on "Water Pollution Control for Mandalay KanDawGyi Lake by Natural Treatment System". KanDawGyi Lake is used for wastewater collection. It is situated in ChanMyaThaZi Township, Mandalay and near the AyeYarWaddy river. Residential, commercial and industrial area are existed surrounding the KanDawGyi Lake. Water from human activities such as cooking, bathing, washing and septic tanks effluent is discharged into drains by gravity flow without treatment. Average six million gallons of wastewater discharged from Mandalay City area flow into KanDawGyi Lake passing through ThinGaZar creek daily. So, lake water has been contaminated by domestic wastewater. This has resulted detrimental effects on the ecosystem. Water in recreation center should be aesthetically pleasing and essentially free of toxicants and pathogenic organisms. Seven collection points such as entrance, east of north side, south east of north side, south of north side, water fountains, PyiGyiMon barge and exit of KanDawGyi Lake are chosen to collect the wastewater sample. The water quality of KanDawGyi Lake is evaluated by various parameters such as temperature, turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, total solids and bacteria. According to test results, alkalinity, chlorides, dissolved solids, suspended solids, and total solids are uncertified. Therefore, in this paper wetland design of natural treatment system is used at the entrance of the lake to control the water pollution. Moh Moh | San San Myint "Water Pollution Control for Mandalay KanDawGyi Lake by Natural Treatment System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25323.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25323/water-pollution-control-for-mandalay-kandawgyi-lake-by-natural-treatment-system/moh-moh
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance assessment of water filtration plants in pakistan - JBESInnspub Net
A study was carried out to evaluate the water quality of filtration plants installed at six different places of Cantonment Board Sialkot, Pakistan to suggest and recommend guidelines for their improvement. Water samples from six Treatment plants and their respective twelve connections (two from each treatment plants) were collected before and after treatment. In this way, total samples were collected and tested. Values of these samples before and after treatment were used for comparison with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water standards. Thirty three parameters including physical, chemical and bacteriological were determined for each sample. The results were satisfactory both chemically and bacteriologically according to WHO guidelines for water quality of treatment plants. The results showed that the samples of water were fit, both before and after treatment plant except for water sample of treatment plant No. IV & V (Before treatment). Total and faecal coliform were found in these samples. Various causes of faecal contamination before treatment may be due to leakage of pipelines, operation at tubewells, layout of freshwater pipes parallel or beneath the sewerage pipes or channels. Disinfection of water at source is recommended to deal with the faecal contamination; otherwise there is no need of filtration plant.
In NIT Calicut there is an increasing need to meet growing water demands. There are about 5000 students in the college. There are fourteen departments and thirteen hostels in the campus. A lot of water is being misused both in the academic and residential campus which can be effectively managed and conserved.
Tertiary Treated Waste water as a Promising Alternative for Potable Water for...IJERA Editor
WatersecurityisavitalissueinaridcountrieslikeKuwait,wheredesalinatedwateristhe solesupplyoffresh water.Thispaper isacontributiontotheongoingefforts towardsrationalizationin potablewater consumption.In addition,itdiscusses therole of high-quality effluent water, from wastewater treatment plants in Kuwait, as a potential replacementfor potable water for non-contact domesticapplications as a oneway in savingin thisvaluablecommodity.
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Gary Free from the EPA is on measuring the environment from space using satellite images.
Case study: Algae Control in Drinking Water ReservoirLG Sonic
Since the spring of 2014, four solar-powered algae control buoys are operating in the Canoe Brook Reservoir #1 in Short Hills, New Jersey to control algae and cyanobacteria in the raw water reservoir. The reservoir is managed by American Water, America’s largest publicly traded water and wastewater utility company.
An Assessment on Drinking Water Quality and Management in Kakamega Municipalitypaperpublications3
Abstract: Drinking water must be free from components which may adversely affect the human health. Such components include minerals, organic substances and disease causing microorganisms. A large portion of the population in urban areas in developing countries suffers from health problems associated with either lack of drinking water or due to the presence of microbiological contamination in water. This research was conducted in Kakamega municipality with a broad objective to conduct assessment of water quality and management in Kakamega municipality. The Specific objective was to determine the chemical water quality parameters in water and to evaluate the management practices on water in Kakamega municipality. Four water quality parameters; two physical and two chemical were tested from the samples collected for this research work. Sampling technique was purposive where water samples from water sources and distribution points in densely populated areas of Kakamega municipality were taken. Data collection instruments that were used included sterilized bottles to collect water, delivery to the laboratory within six (6) hours of collection for reliable results and data quality control was achieved through immediate entry in the pre-designed data form. According to the results pH values at all the sources and house connections are well within the WHO desirable limit of 6.50-8.0. The sample from Sichirai had a pH of 7.8 that was the highest as compared to an Isiukhu river that had 6.6 pH. The samples from Isiukhu river, Savona Island River, fishpond at bridge and Shikhambi spring showed more than 5 NTU. The researchers recommended for water surveillance in Kakamega municipality in order to ensure consumers have safe water free from agricultural and industrial chemical pollution.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance assessment of water filtration plants in pakistan - JBESInnspub Net
A study was carried out to evaluate the water quality of filtration plants installed at six different places of Cantonment Board Sialkot, Pakistan to suggest and recommend guidelines for their improvement. Water samples from six Treatment plants and their respective twelve connections (two from each treatment plants) were collected before and after treatment. In this way, total samples were collected and tested. Values of these samples before and after treatment were used for comparison with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water standards. Thirty three parameters including physical, chemical and bacteriological were determined for each sample. The results were satisfactory both chemically and bacteriologically according to WHO guidelines for water quality of treatment plants. The results showed that the samples of water were fit, both before and after treatment plant except for water sample of treatment plant No. IV & V (Before treatment). Total and faecal coliform were found in these samples. Various causes of faecal contamination before treatment may be due to leakage of pipelines, operation at tubewells, layout of freshwater pipes parallel or beneath the sewerage pipes or channels. Disinfection of water at source is recommended to deal with the faecal contamination; otherwise there is no need of filtration plant.
In NIT Calicut there is an increasing need to meet growing water demands. There are about 5000 students in the college. There are fourteen departments and thirteen hostels in the campus. A lot of water is being misused both in the academic and residential campus which can be effectively managed and conserved.
Tertiary Treated Waste water as a Promising Alternative for Potable Water for...IJERA Editor
WatersecurityisavitalissueinaridcountrieslikeKuwait,wheredesalinatedwateristhe solesupplyoffresh water.Thispaper isacontributiontotheongoingefforts towardsrationalizationin potablewater consumption.In addition,itdiscusses therole of high-quality effluent water, from wastewater treatment plants in Kuwait, as a potential replacementfor potable water for non-contact domesticapplications as a oneway in savingin thisvaluablecommodity.
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Gary Free from the EPA is on measuring the environment from space using satellite images.
Case study: Algae Control in Drinking Water ReservoirLG Sonic
Since the spring of 2014, four solar-powered algae control buoys are operating in the Canoe Brook Reservoir #1 in Short Hills, New Jersey to control algae and cyanobacteria in the raw water reservoir. The reservoir is managed by American Water, America’s largest publicly traded water and wastewater utility company.
An Assessment on Drinking Water Quality and Management in Kakamega Municipalitypaperpublications3
Abstract: Drinking water must be free from components which may adversely affect the human health. Such components include minerals, organic substances and disease causing microorganisms. A large portion of the population in urban areas in developing countries suffers from health problems associated with either lack of drinking water or due to the presence of microbiological contamination in water. This research was conducted in Kakamega municipality with a broad objective to conduct assessment of water quality and management in Kakamega municipality. The Specific objective was to determine the chemical water quality parameters in water and to evaluate the management practices on water in Kakamega municipality. Four water quality parameters; two physical and two chemical were tested from the samples collected for this research work. Sampling technique was purposive where water samples from water sources and distribution points in densely populated areas of Kakamega municipality were taken. Data collection instruments that were used included sterilized bottles to collect water, delivery to the laboratory within six (6) hours of collection for reliable results and data quality control was achieved through immediate entry in the pre-designed data form. According to the results pH values at all the sources and house connections are well within the WHO desirable limit of 6.50-8.0. The sample from Sichirai had a pH of 7.8 that was the highest as compared to an Isiukhu river that had 6.6 pH. The samples from Isiukhu river, Savona Island River, fishpond at bridge and Shikhambi spring showed more than 5 NTU. The researchers recommended for water surveillance in Kakamega municipality in order to ensure consumers have safe water free from agricultural and industrial chemical pollution.
Prediction of Fault in Distribution Transformer using Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy I...ijsrd.com
In this paper, we present a new method for simultaneous diagnosis of fault in distribution transformer. It uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). The ANFIS is first “trained†in accordance with IEC 599, so that it acquires some fault determination ability. The CO2/CO ratios are then considered additional input data, enabling simultaneous diagnosis of the type and location of the fault. Diagnosis techniques based on the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) have been developed to detect incipient faults in distribution transformers. The quantity of the dissolved gas depends fundamentally on the types of faults occurring within distribution transformers. By considering these characteristics, Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) methods make it possible to detect the abnormality of the transformers. This can be done by comparing the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) of the transformer under surveillance with the standard one. This idea provides the use of adaptive neural fuzzy technique in order to better predict oil conditions of a transformer. The proposed method can forecast the possible faults which can be occurred in the transformer. This idea can be used for maintenance purpose in the technology where distributed transformer plays a significant role such as when the energy is to be distributed in a large region.
Fault detection and diagnosis of high speed switching devices in power invertereSAT Journals
Abstract
Power electronic based inverters are the major components in industry. A fault diagnostics framework composed of a pattern recognition system, having machine learning technology as its integral part is utilized for failure detection of different switches and tracing multiple types of faults in an inverter. Hardware point of view power electronics inverter can be considered to be the weakest link. Hence, this work is carried on detecting faults and classifies which switches in the inverter cause the fault. Diagnosis can help to avoid unplanned breakdown, to make possible to run an emergency operation in case of a fault. On the basis of theoretical foundations of electronic power inverter a simulation model has been developed to simulate the healthy condition and all single-switch open circuit faults. The generated signal is processed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Fuzzy Inference Logic (FIL). A smart and accurate classification of faults is obtained using simulation results, which are tested on a wide operation domain and various load conditions.
Keywords: Fault Diagnosis, DWT, Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Physico-Chemical and Microbial Analysis of Drinking Water of Four Springs of ...IJEAB
Drinking water of good quality is essential for human physiology whose continual existence depends on the availability of water and any sort of contamination in water which is above the standard limits set by international water regulating agencies can lead to water related diseases. So, the present investigation was conducted to determine the physico-chemical and bacteriological contents of four springs i.e.Heshi spring 1, Heshi spring 2, Kitaab Roong, and Kooti spring and its distribution system such as water reservoir inlet, outlet, mid and end point of distribution systems, junction where it merge with glacier water. The temperature was in a range of 13oC - 22oC. The turbidity of water samples fluctuate from 0.02NTU-1.99NTU. The pH value was in a range of 6.2-7.1. Electrical conductivity range of minimum 122µS/cm to a maximum of 600µS/cm. The TDS of all water samples ranging from minimum of 164-513mg/l. The amount of reactive ortho phosphate was in a range of 26mg/l to 59mg/L. The amount of total phosphorous was in a range of minimum 23m/L to maximum of 120mg/L. The total bacterial count was in a range of 11CFU/100ml to 83 CFU/100ml.The findings showed there should be comprehensive standardization of drinking water of Danyore village according to guidelines of WHO water quality standards and make it safe for human consumption.
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens at a workshop entitled “River Health and the SDGs”, held in Johannesburg, South Africa, on May 22, 2017. . The workshop was a plenary at the 7th The South African Development Community (SADC) River Basin Organizations (RBOS) & Energy-Food Nexus Workshop organised by the SADC.
Environmental Monitoring Model of Health, Parasitological, And Colorimetric C...theijes
The sanitary quality of water was evaluated in two micro basins, Bacaxá and Capivari belonging to the Lakes Basin St. John in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for colimetric and parasitological analysis. Analyses were performed seasonally over a year and the levels of Escherichia coli were within the recommended only in the summer of 2012 and fall, and inappropriate with levels above recommended in winter, spring and summer of 2013 in both the micro basins. Through our observations, we compare the average values of the levels of total coliforms and Escherichia coli between both rivers. Initially, the samples indicate a similarity between the distributions of coliforms and Escherichia coli. However, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test samples indicate that the distributions are different. In parasitological analysis it was observed that in Capivari was detected a greater presence of filarial larvae. Anthropogenic influences mainly by the presence of sewage is being able to compromise the health quality of the micro basins studied carrying a significant pollutant load to the Juturnaíba reservoir. The monitoring of the sanitary quality of the watersheds that supply the population may indicate when it is necessary to adopt more effective measures in the treatment of water supply of cities.
Mobile sailing robot for automatic estimation of fish density and monitoring ...Mateusz383
ntroduction
The paper presents the methodology and the algorithm developed to analyze sonar images focused on fish detection in small water bodies and measurement of their parameters: volume, depth and the GPS location. The final results are stored in a table and can be exported to any numerical environment for further analysis.
Material and method
The measurement method for estimating the number of fish using the automatic robot is based on a sequential calculation of the number of occurrences of fish on the set trajectory. The data analysis from the sonar concerned automatic recognition of fish using the methods of image analysis and processing.
Results
Image analysis algorithm, a mobile robot together with its control in the 2.4 GHz band and full cryptographic communication with the data archiving station was developed as part of this study. For the three model fish ponds where verification of fish catches was carried out (548, 171 and 226 individuals), the measurement error for the described method was not exceeded 8%.
Summary
Created robot together with the developed software has features for remote work also in the variety of harsh weather and environmental conditions, is fully automated and can be remotely controlled using Internet. Designed system enables fish spatial location (GPS coordinates and the depth). The purpose of the robot is a non-invasive measurement of the number of fish in water reservoirs and a measurement of the quality of drinking water consumed by humans, especially in situations where local sources of pollution could have a significant impact on the quality of water collected for water treatment for people and when getting to these places is difficult. The systematically used robot equipped with the appropriate sensors, can be part of early warning system against the pollution of water used by humans (drinking water, natural swimming pools) which can be dangerous for their health.
Slaughter waste effluents and river catchment watershed contamination in Caga...Angelo Mark Walag
Slaughterhouse waste products are commonly known globally to pollute nearby communities and receiving bodies of water. The main aim of this study was to analyze the effluents disposed by Cagayan de Oro City Slaughterhouse to river catchment watershed. Standard methods were utilized in sampling and analyzing water quality parameters to determine the levels of nitrates, BOD, COD, total coliform, and lead. It was found out that the majority of wastes produced are internal organs, blood and urine mixtures, and manures. The study also revealed that all parameters tested crossed the permissible limits set by the government for effluent and inland water except for BOD and nitrates, in the river watershed. It was also determined that during wet seasons, major contaminants like lead and nitrates were diluted resulting to lower levels when compared to national standards. The result of this study also revealed the need for further remediation of the river water quality and intervention strategies to sustainably manage and prevent disposal of untreated effluents.
Sustainable Treatment of Wastewater with the Help of Constructed Wetlandsijtsrd
A wetland is a unique and distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen free processes prevail, and the primary distinctive factor of wetlands from other landforms or water bodies is the occurrence of adaptive vegetation of aquatic plants, characteristic to the unique hydric soil. A constructed wetland is an artificial shallow basin filled with substrate, usually soil or gravel, and planted with vegetation that has tolerance to saturated conditions. As much as the use of constructed wetland has been recommended in the treatment of various forms of wastewater, the system efficiency is a factor of very many natural and artificial factors, with the emerging pollutants and contaminants such as resistant genes being the most complicated contaminants to eliminate through the system. Indeed, the emerging pollutants in forms of antibiotic resistant genes ARGs have remained prevalent in aquatic environments such as wetlands that receive ARG loaded sewage. Therefore, this chapter covers a discussion on constructed wetlands in wastewater treatment and challenges of emerging contaminants, such as resistant genes filtration and reloading mechanisms, and provides recommendation for the proper handling and removal of such pollutants from the wetlands’ functional system. Dr. Mahima Chaurasia | Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava | Dr. Siddhartha Shukla "Sustainable Treatment of Wastewater with the Help of Constructed Wetlands" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49640.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/49640/sustainable-treatment-of-wastewater-with-the-help-of-constructed-wetlands/dr-mahima-chaurasia
https://ketos.co/total-ammonia-nitrogen-water-quality-testing
If you’re a water operator, you need an intelligent solution that can offer lab-accurate automated monitoring across a wide variety of water testing parameters – including total ammonia nitrogen.
KETOS SHIELD marries self-calibrating hardware with cloud-enabled software to deliver a solution that allows water operators to monitor for total ammonia nitrogen (and other variables) in real-time, all while lowering the traditional up-front costs associated with testing water parameters.
Introducing KETOS SHIELD, a multi-award-winning intelligent water management solution. Organizations can leverage real-time automated monitoring for total ammonia nitrogen and 30+ other water testing parameters (such as inorganic materials, heavy metals, and other environmental factors). Water operators can connect to their data via an internet-aware modular system that makes decision-making more accessible than ever – on-site, in the office, or on the move.
https://ketos.co/total-ammonia-nitrogen-water-quality-testing
Remote water quality monitoring has emerged as a crucial tool in ensuring the safety and sustainability of water resources worldwide. With the increasing stress on water systems due to pollution, climate change, and growing population pressures, it has become imperative to employ innovative technologies for continuous monitoring and management. This article explores the significance, advancements, and benefits of remote water quality monitoring in safeguarding our precious water bodies.
1.Importance of Remote Water Quality Monitoring:
Water is essential for life, and its quality directly impacts human health, ecosystems, and economic activities. Traditional methods of water quality monitoring often involve manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and provide only discrete snapshots of water conditions. Remote monitoring, on the other hand, enables real-time or near-real-time data collection, allowing for rapid detection of changes and timely intervention in case of contamination or deterioration.
2.Integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI):
The integration of IoT devices with water quality sensors has enabled the creation of interconnected networks for continuous monitoring and data transmission. IoT platforms collect data from multiple sensors distributed across water bodies and transmit it to centralized databases or cloud servers for analysis. AI algorithms analyze this data in real-time, detecting patterns, anomalies, and trends that may indicate water quality issues or environmental threats.
3.Advancements in Technology:
Advancements in sensor technology, wireless communication, and data analytics have revolutionized remote water quality monitoring. Sophisticated sensors can now measure various parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature, and pollutants with high accuracy and reliability. These sensors are often deployed in autonomous monitoring platforms such as buoys, drones, and underwater robots, enabling comprehensive coverage of water bodies regardless of their size or accessibility.
If you’re a water operator, you need an intelligent solution that can offer lab-accurate automated monitoring across a wide variety of water testing parameters – including total ammonia nitrogen.
Testing for Total Ammonia Nitrogen
Monitoring Water For Total Ammonia NitrogenKETOS SHIELD marries self-calibrating hardware with cloud-enabled software to deliver a solution that allows water operators to monitor for total ammonia nitrogen (and other variables) in real-time, all while lowering the traditional up-front costs associated with testing water parameters.
Introducing KETOS SHIELD, a multi-award-winning intelligent water management solution. Organizations can leverage real-time automated monitoring for total ammonia nitrogen and 30+ other water testing parameters (such as inorganic materials
This UNESCO-IHE booklet contains 50 innovative solutions in the field of water & development. The innovations were created with UNESCO-IHE's global partnership network to develop, implement and validate novel solutions that ultimately aim to improve the quality of life on our planet. The Institute's innovations are often of a technological nature, but their adoption also has social, economic, environmental, governance, institutional and political dimensions.
Present and future water-related problems require out of the box thinking, business as unusual approaches, changes of paradigms, and inventive and unconventional solutions leading to the translation of inventions into innovative products, services, processes and new activities that are introduced to the real world. UNESCO-IHE is increasingly committed to innovations in education, research and capacity development.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
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C1803061620
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 18, Issue 3, Ver. VI (May-Jun. 2016), PP 16-20
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0661-1803061620 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
Web-Based Decision Support System for Water Quality
Monitoring and Prediction for Outdoor Microalgae Cultivation
Beroña, Elyzer A., Buntag, Daibey Rose B., Felomina, Tan, Mary Jane M.,
Coronado, Armin S.
Abstract: In outdoor microalgae cultivation, water quality monitoring is essential for identifying any existing
problem or any issues that could emerge in the future. It is very helpful in maintaining the water parameters to
its optimum level to prevent unexpected death of microalgae. In outdoor cultivation, the temperature of the
environment is changing which makes the blooming of microalgae less predictable. Since the environment is not
controlled, the monitoring of water quality status becomes more demanding. There is a need for a web-based
Decision Support System (DSS) that allows monitoringof water quality anytime, anywhere; andpredicts future
water quality.This study involves the development of a web-based software that allows entry of current values
and predicts future values of the primary water quality parameters for outdoor microalgae cultivation: salinity
and temperature. The value and status of the predicted salinity and temperature is based on historical data and
current state using the similarity-based classification technique K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The DSS informs
the user about the rise and fall of salinity and temperature either beyond or below standard level and gives
suggestion of what action needs to be done to maintain the water quality parameters to optimum level. Cross
validation is performed to determine the best fit parameter of 19, using the criteria of Mean Squared Error of
regression in KNN. Using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the forecast accuracy rate of temperature
and salinity are computed as 96.98% and 98.92% respectively. There is no significant difference between the
suggested water to be added by the DSS and by the aquatic experts thus, the DSS can be utilized for water
quality prediction.
Keywords: Decision Support System, Water Quality Monitoring, Forecasting System, Microalgae Cultivation,
K-Nearest Neighbors
I. Introduction
Microalgae are unicellular and can be found in solitary cells or in groups of single cells connected
together and are similar to terrestrial plants in which they contain chlorophyll and require sunlight in order to
live and grow. They can bloom very rapidly, much faster than any other plants and can be cultivated anywhere
that receives sunlight [1]. It uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into sugars and oxygen; in this
way they largely contribute to the oxygen animals and humans breathe. They cannot be seen with an unaided
eye but when present in high numbers, they become noticeable as colored patches due to the presence of
chlorophyll in their cells.
Globally, there is growing interest in microalgae as production organisms; it contains lipids (oil),
proteins, and carbohydrates (sugars). Marine algae have been used as food, feed, fertilizer, and biofuel for
centuries [2].For fisher folks, it is very important to cultivate microalgae since they are used in feeding
hatchlings of aquatic species which are not yet ready for regular feeds in granular form.
The cultivation of microalgae can make an important contribution to the transition to a more
sustainable society, not only suitable for environmentally friendly production of many commodities, but also for
the use of waste streams [3]. The EnAlgae: Decision Support Toolset is a part of the Decision Support System
(DSS) which was developed as part of Energetic Algae Project co-founded by the European Union led by
Swansea University with 18 partners across the North West Europe which aims to reduce CO2 emissions and
dependency on sustainable energy sources in North West Europe. This DSS has a unique set of intuitive tools to
inform and guide investors, technology developers, businesses, policy makers and researchers on micro and
macro algae cultivation [4].
Web-based DSS have been widely used in successful water quality monitoring projects [5]. A river
monitoring system improved the health of the Eden River in United Kingdom (UK). Ten (10) monitoring
stations are installed to gather data on river water quality that is available to the farmers, local community and
anyone who is interested. The real-time data is made available in the web utilized by the council and the public
to help them improve the water quality of the river [6].The study of Paredes et. al, focuses on the improvement
of Manzanares River which is the main water supplier of a highly populated region; this river receives the
wastewater from the same location which made the river highly polluted thus making it uninhabitable for
aquatic organisms. The Aquatool Decision Support System Shell was used to simulate the water quality of the
2. Web-Based Decision Support System for Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction for Outdoor....
DOI: 10.9790/0661-1803061620 www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page
Manzanares River in terms of conductivity, phosphorous, carbonaceous organic matter, dissolved oxygen,
organic nitrogen ammonia and nitrates [7].
Automated water quality monitoring systems in outdoor microalgae cultivation is very important to
maintain the water parameters to its optimum level to prevent unexpected death of microalgae. Since the
temperature of the environment is changing, the blooming of microalgae becomes less predictable and
monitoring of water quality becomes more demanding. There is a need for a web-based Decision Support
System (DSS) that allows monitoring of water quality anytime, anywhere; and predicts future water quality in
terms of temperature and salinity. According to the work of Wang et. al, due to bad water quality, the survival
rate of aquatic species declined, so a DSS for aquaculture water quality evaluation and early warning is needed.
The DSS provides the result of evaluation, early warning, and management countermeasure for the water quality
and can predict factors according to the long-time monitored time of the aquaculture pond in North China
[9].According to, Xue at. al, it is necessary to conduct prediction and early warning on quality in accordance
with the nutritional state and current state. Their paper aims to conduct prediction and early warning in terms of
dissolved oxygen content in carp aquaculture using neural networks and decision tree by value prediction and
rule based reasoning [9]. According to the Department of Environment in Australia, predictive modelling and a
decision support system (DSS) will help ensure protection and maintenance of their waters. DSS provides the
results of analyses of the developed models and scenarios to provide a prediction of ecological and water quality
outcomes which will be indicating the reductions necessary to achieve sustainable loads [10].
Today, more than forty (40) different species of microalgae, isolated in different parts of the world are
cultured as pure strains in intensive systems. In the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
(BFAR) is a government agency responsible for the development, improvement, management and conservation
of the Philippines’ fisheries and aquatic resources. And since microalgae are the primary producers of nutrients,
providing an essential ecological function to all aquatic life, BFAR is cultivating them to feed other aquatic
species (i.e. siganids, abalone, sandfish) that they are cultivating as well.BFAR cultivates microalgae in two
phases: Indoor Cultivation and Outdoor Cultivation. Indoor cultivation is done inside the laboratory under
controlled condition. It has three (3) stages namely, isolating stage, primary culture stage, and secondary culture
stage. When the cultivation of microalgae inside the laboratory is successful, it will be transferred outdoor in
natural tanks for mass production. This phase is very crucial since the environment is not controlled, the
monitoring of water quality parameters becomes more demanding. Furthermore, due to climate change,
temperature and salinity becomes unpredictable. There are cases when temperature rises unexpectedly before
the scheduled monitoring, which results to sudden drop of dissolved oxygen. This leads to unexpected death of
outdoor microalgae. This warrants a tool that efficiently monitors water quality parameters and automatically
notifies the user about the rise and fall of the level of salinity and temperature either beyond or below standard
level. Thus, a web-based decision support system that monitors water quality in real-time and accurately
predicts future water quality status would be useful.
This study involves the development of a DSS, which is focused on outdoor microalgae cultivation,
specifically, in increasing the rate of production by avoiding unwarranted deaths. The DSS provides a model of
the current and historical water quality status through graphs and charts, and is delivered through the web. It
involves predictive modeling of future water quality status in terms of temperature, salinity, pH level, D.O., and
evaporation rate of the outdoormicroalgae tanks water, to ensure successful outdoor microalgae cultivation.
A study conducted by Palani et.al which focuses on predicting and forecasting the quantitative
characteristics of Singapore coastal waters in terms of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll–a
utilized a powerful prediction algorithm, Artificial Neural Network(ANN). Their method has the ability to
represent both linear and non-linear relationships and learn these relationships directly from the data being
modelled [10]. This study will attempt to utilize and determine the forecast accuracy rate of a faster but less
powerful technique in terms of prediction, the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN).
II. Methods
3.1 Software Development
Using KNN as data mining technique, the web-based DSS was developed to forecast future water
temperature and salinity levels in the form of graphs and charts, utilizing the historical and newly entered
data.The software is trained with a set of historical data from the Philippines’ BFAR Region 1; and a set of test
data are used to determine the forecast accuracy of the KNN technique. The DSS software is developed using
Python as the programming language, Scikit-learn for implementing the KNN classifier, Anaconda as the
Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Django as the web framework, AngularJS Chart for the interactive
graphs and charts, MySQL for the database and Bootstrap as the front-end framework.
3. Web-Based Decision Support System for Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction for Outdoor....
DOI: 10.9790/0661-1803061620 www.iosrjournals.org 18 | Page
Figure 1: System Architecture of Web-based DSS for Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction of Outdoor
Microalgae Cultivation
Figure 1 above shows the system architecture. Current water quality parameters (salinity, temperature)
are entered into the system, and will be treated as the query. The parameters in the query will be stored in the
historical data then will be extracted and cleansed to use in interpreting and checking the facts to produce the
output modelled through graphs and charts. The model created together with the historical data will be analyzed
by the inference engine to check rules in order to predict future water quality parameters of the outdoor
microalgae cultivation.
3.2 Statistical Treatment
On the first phase of the study, the researchers gathered the data of outdoor microalgae water quality
parameters in BFAR- Region 1 for the year 2015. The training data used for the prediction of the future water
quality parameters was the data of Tank 1 and Tank 2 of the year 2015 while the testing data used was the data
of Tank 3 of the year 2015. An aquatic expert was selected to help in determining the actual type of water that is
being added for each scenario. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE)was used to compute the forecast error
needed in computing the forecast accuracy of the DSS.To compute the forecast accuracy:
FA=100%-FE
Where: FA – Forecast Accuracy
FE – Forecast Error
The two-tailed test was used in computing the significant difference of the suggested type of water to be added
by the DSS and by the aquatic experts.
III. Findings and Discussion
Table 1 shows the total absolute percentage error of the web-based DSS in predicting the future water salinity
and temperature of outdoor microalgae.
Table 1: Total Absolute Percentage Error per quarter for the year 2015
Water Quality Parameter 1st
Quarter 2nd
Quarter 3rd
Quarter 4th
Quarter
Temperature 3% 2.3% 2.4% 2.1%
Salinity 1.6% 1.3% 1.6% 1.1%
In Table 1, the temperature and salinity in the first quarter has a 3% and 1.6% of error respectively; in
the second quarter the temperature and salinity has a 2.3% and 1.3% of error respectively; in the third quarter
the temperature and salinity has a 2.4% and 1.6% of error respectively; and in the fourth quarter the temperature
and salinity has a 2.1% error and 1.1% error respectively.
Table 2: Mean Absolute Percentage Error per quarter for the year 2015
Water Quality Parameter 1st
Quarter 2nd
Quarter 3rd
Quarter 4th
Quarter
Temperature 3.4% 2.9% 2.8% 3%
Salinity 1.8% 1.6% 1.8% 1.5%
In Table 2, the temperature and salinity for the first quarter has a 3.4% and 1.8% of error respectively;
in the second quarter the temperature and salinity is 2.9% and 1.6% of error respectively; in the third quarter the
4. Web-Based Decision Support System for Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction for Outdoor....
DOI: 10.9790/0661-1803061620 www.iosrjournals.org 19 | Page
temperature and salinity has a 2.8% and 1.8% of error respectively; in the fourth quarter the temperature and
salinity has a 3% and 1.5% of error respectively.
The percentage error in Table 2 was treated as forecast error which was needed to compute the forecast
accuracy. Table 3 shows the forecast accuracy of the web-based DSS in predicting the future water quality level
of Tank 3 quarterly.
Table 3: Quarterly Average Forecast Accuracy of the Web-based DSS
Water Quality
Parameter
1st
Quarter
2nd
Quarter
3rd
Quarter
4th
Quarter Average
Tempera-ture 96.6% 97.1% 97.2% 97.2% 97.0%
Salinity 98.2% 98.4% 98.2% 98.7% 98.5%
In Table 3, forecast for temperature is 96.6% accurate and salinity is 98.2% accurate for the first
quarter; for the second quarter, the forecast accuracy rate of temperature and salinity is 97.1% and 98.4%
respectively; for the third quarter, the forecast accuracy rate of temperature and salinity is 97.2% and 98.2%
respectively; in the fourth quarter, the forecast accuracy rate of the temperature and salinity is 97.2% and 98.7%
respectively. The average forecast accuracy of the DSS in predicting the temperature and salinity is 97.0% and
98.5% respectively.
In computing the significant difference of the suggested type of water to be added by the DSS and by
the aquatic experts, thetwo-tailed t-test was used on the data given by BFAR.
Figure 2: Two-tailed t-test result of the significant difference of the suggested type of water to be added by the
DSS and by the aquatic experts
From the generated result of independent t-test by IBM SPSS tool as shown in Figure 2, the significant
table under the Lavene’s Test for Equality column shows that the significance of both group (DSS and expert) is
1.000. The standard significance level is 0.05. Since the significance value is greater than 0.05 which means that
the variability in the two conditions is about the same, it is concluded that there is no statistically significant
difference between the suggested type of water to be added by the decision support system and by the aquatic
experts.
IV. Conclusions
The DSS using the less powerful similarity-based classifier KNN has a high forecast accuracy rate in
predicting the future water temperature and salinity of the outdoor microalgae. This could probably because of
the small variances in the values of salinity and temperature data of outdoor microalgae tanks water. It is
recommended to use cross-validation on the entire historical data instead of the hold-out technique were two-
thirds (2/3) of the data are used for training and one-thirds (1/3) of the data were used for testing. Also, since the
test data used were limited to a single year (2015), there could be no outlier that could affect the accuracy of
prediction. Since the prediction accuracy for outdoor microalgae water quality status is high, the prediction
software can be used and adopted by outdoor microalgae cultivators. The accuracy rate and confidence level can
still increase as more historical data (2 to 3 years) are fed into the system.
Data for pH, D.O., and evaporation rate should be gathered; and retrain the system to consider these
parameters in predicting the future water quality parameters. Since the researchers failed to gather a significant
amount of data on these water quality parameters from microalgae cultivators like BFAR, it is strongly
recommended that microalgae producers and cultivators be diligent in collecting and recording these data,
because though lesser in effect, they are also determinants of water quality for outdoor microalgae.
As manual collection and recording of data is tedious and prone to error, microalgae cultivators should
invest in hardware technologies that could capture the water quality parameters data in real-time so that the
training data and testing data will be readily available and not be prone to human error. Hence, these human
errors in data collection and recording that could render the training and testing data to be dirty and biased, can
be avoided. Since water quality measurement can be done real-time with the integration of multi-sensor device,
5. Web-Based Decision Support System for Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction for Outdoor....
DOI: 10.9790/0661-1803061620 www.iosrjournals.org 20 | Page
the web-based DSS can be converted into a mobile-based application for more flexibility, portability, and real-
time early warning.
In addition, the data can be subjected to time-series analysis which is applicable for predicting numerical
values based on single predictor. The model produced may be evaluated against the ANN-based model; and the
best model may then be recommended.
References
[1]. Gross, M. “Development and Optimization of Algal Cultivation Systems.” Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Iowa State
University. 13138 (2013) p. 4.
[2]. Enzing, C., M. Ploeg , M. Barbosa, and L. Sijtsma. “Micro-algae based products for the food and feed sector: an outlook for
Europe.” Institute for Prospective technological Studies, Joint Research Centre (2014)
[3]. Wolskers H., M. Barbosa, D. Kleinergins, R. Bosma and R. Wiuffels. “Microalgae: the green gold of the future” Wageningen UR
[4]. “EnAlgae: Decision Support Toolset,” AIN: Algal Information Network, www.algae- network.eu/cms/?page_id=169, last
accessed October 11, 2015.
[5]. Booth N., E. Everman, I. Kuo, L.Sprague and L. Murphy. “A Web-based Decision Support System for Accessing Regional Water
Quality Conditions and Management Actions”. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. Volume 41. Issue 5.
(October 2011) pp. 1136-1150
[6]. Lancaster University, “New water quality science paves the way for improving river health in the UK,” Science Daily,
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110926094747. htm, (September 26, 2011) last accessed October 7, 2015.
[7]. Paredes, J., J. Andreu and A. Solera. “A decision support system for water quality issues in the Manzanares River (Madrid,
Spain)”. (2010)
[8]. Wang R., D. Chen and Z. Fu. “AWQEE-DSS: A decision support system for aquaculture water quality evaluation and early-
warning” IEEE: Computational Intelligence and Security. Volume 2 (2006) pp.959-962
[9]. Xue, H., L. Wang and Q. Li. “Design and Development of Dissolved Oxygen Real-time Prediction and Early-Warning System for
Brocaded Carp Aquaculture.” Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VI. Volume 3921 (2013) pp.35-42
[10]. Australian Government, “Water Quality Improvement Projects,” https://www.environment.gov.au/water/quality/improvement/
projects , last accessed October 1, 2015
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(2008) pp. 1586-1597
Authors
Mary Jane Magno-Tan is a member of the Association of Computing Machineries. She earned her Master’s
Degree in Information Technology from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Graduate School in 2005. She worked as a Systems Analyst in Applied Ideas, Incorporated
in the Philippines from 1992 to 1997. Ms. Tan is an Assistant Professor at the Polytechnic
University of the Philippine’s College of Computer and Information Sciences. She is
currently designated as Chief of the university’s Center for Mathematics, Computing and
Information Science Research.
Armin S. Coronado is Chairperson of the Department of Biology of Polytechnic University of the Philippine’s
College of Science. He is also the OIC Director of the university’s Institute for Science and
Technology Research. He is currently working on his dissertation for his Doctorate Degree
in Botany from the University of the Philippines.
Elyzer A. Beroña is an undergraduate of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science in Polytechnic University of
the Philippines. He is knowledgeable in C, C#, PHP, COBOL, SQL, JAVA, MySQL,
ASP.Net, HTML, Django, Python, Angular-JS, Node-JS, Android Programming, Code Igniter
and Agile Development.
Daibey Rose B. Buntag is an undergraduate of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science in Polytechnic
University of the Philippines. She is knowledgeable in C, C#, PHP, HTML, CSS, COBOL,
SQL, JAVA, MySQL, Django, Angular-JS, Bootstrap, UIkit and Agile Development.