C++ is a general-purpose programming language. It is designed with a bias toward system programming (e.g., for use in embedded systems or operating system kernels), with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design requirements. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, including desktop applications, servers (e.g. e-commerce, web search or SQL servers), performance-critical applications (e.g. telephone switches or space probes), and entertainment software.[3] C++ is a compiled language, with implementations of it available on many platforms and provided by various organizations, including the FSF, LLVM, Microsoft and Intel. C++ is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the latest (and current) standard version ratified and published by ISO in December 2014 as ISO/IEC 14882:2014 (informally known as C++14).[4] The C++ programming language was initially standardised in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998, which was then amended by the C++03, ISO/IEC 14882:2003, standard. The current C++14 standard supersedes these and C++11, with new features and an enlarged standard library. Before the initial standardization in 1998, C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs, starting in 1979, who wanted an efficient flexible language (like the C language), which also provided high-level features for program organization.

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C ++ - Programming language
Fundamentals I and II
- HQ Video Training Content -
C++ Fundamentals I and II is for professional software developers who are not familiar with C++ and object-oriented
programming. This contains over 18 hours (4,16 GB) of the expert video instruction, spread out over 16 separate
lessons. Watch as distinguished programming languages author and professional teacher who uses the signature live-
code approach to introduce C++ fundamentals, and object-oriented and event-driven programming. In early classes
and objects approach immerses you in object-oriented programming from the start. All concepts are presented in the
context of complete-working programs using Microsofts Visual C++ Express version of its Visual Studio
tool.
+++ Lesson 1: Introduction: Dive into C++
In this lesson, you learn how to use Microsoft’s Visual Studio 2010 Express edition to load and edit and run C++
programs.
+++Lesson 2: Introduction to C++ Programming
This lesson is an introduction to C++. In it you will learn to write simple C++ programs using input and output
statements, fundamental types, arithmetic operators, and simple decision-making statements.
+++Lesson 3: Introduction to Classes and Objects
In this lesson, you will learn about classes, objects, member functions and data members. You will learn how to define a
class and use it to create an object, how to define member functions in a class, how to declare data members, how to
call a member function of an object to make that member function perform its task, how to use a constructor to ensure
that an objects data is initialized when the object is created, and how to engineer a class to separate its interface from
its implementation and encourage reuse.
+++Lesson 4: Control Statements: Part 1
In this lesson you will learn to use the if and if…else selection statements to choose among alternative actions, and the
while repetition statement to execute statements in a program repeatedly. You will learn about both counter-controlled
repetition and sentinel-controlled repetition; and you will learn to use the increment, decrement, and assignment
operators.

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+++Lesson 5: Control Statements: Part 2
This lesson explores more control statements, including the for and do…while repetition statements to execute
statements in a program repeatedly, multiple selection using the switch selection statement, the break and continue
program control statements to alter the flow of control, and the use of logical operators to form complex conditional
expressions in control statements.
+++Lesson 6: Functions
In this lesson you will learn to construct programs modularly from functions. You will learn to use common math
functions available in the C++ Standard Library, and to create functions with multiple parameters. You will learn about
the mechanisms for passing information between functions and returning results, and how to write and use recursive
functions, i.e., functions that call themselves.
+++Lesson 7: Arrays and Vectors
In this lesson you will learn to use the array data structure to represent a set of related data items. This lesson explains
how to use arrays to store, sort and search lists and tables of values; to declare arrays, initialize arrays and refer to the
individual elements of arrays; and to pass arrays to functions. Basic searching and sorting techniques are also presented,
as is the use of multidimensional arrays, and the C++ Standard Library class template vector.
+++Lesson 8: Pointers and Pointer-Based Strings
In this lesson you will learn about the similarities and differences between pointers and references, and when to use
each. The lesson shows you how to use pointers to pass arguments to functions by reference; use pointer-based C-
style strings; use pointers to functions; and how to declare and use arrays of C-style strings.
+++Lesson 9: Classes: A Deeper Look: Part 1
In this lesson, you will learn how to use a preprocessor wrapper to prevent multiple definition errors caused by including
more than one copy of a header file in a source-code file. You will learn about class scope and accessing class members
via the name of an object, a reference to an object or a pointer to an object. This lesson also shows you how to define
constructors with default arguments; how destructors are used to perform determination housekeeping on an object
before it is destroyed; when constructors and destructors are called; and the logic errors that may occur when a public
member function of a class returns a reference to private data.

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Lesson 10: Classes: A Deeper Look: Part 2
In this lesson, you will learn to specify const (constant) objects and const member functions; create objects composed
of other objects; use friend functions and friend classes; use the this pointer; create and destroy objects dynamically
with operators new and delete, respectively; use static data members and member functions. This lesson also
introduces the concept of a container class; the notion of iterator classes that walk through the elements of container
classes; and the use proxy classes to hide implementation details from a classes clients.
+++Lesson 11: Operator Overloading; String and Array Objects
This lesson explains what operator overloading is and how it can make programs more readable and programming more
convenient. In it, you will learn to redefine (overload) operators to work with objects of user-defined classes; to convert
objects from one class to another class; when to, and when not to, overload operators; and to use overloaded operators
and other member functions of standard library class string.
+++Lesson 12: Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance
This lesson explores how to create classes by inheriting from existing classes. In it, you will learn how inheritance
promotes software reuse; the notions of base classes and derived classes and the relationships between them; the use
of constructors and destructors in inheritance hierarchies; the order in which constructors and destructors are called in
inheritance hierarchies; the differences between public, protected and private inheritance; and the use of inheritance to
customize existing software.
+++Lesson 13: Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism
In this lesson you will learn what polymorphism is, how it makes programming more convenient and how it makes
systems more extensible and maintainable. You will learn to declare and use virtual functions to effect polymorphism;
to declare pure virtual functions to create abstract classes; to use runtime type information (RTTI) with downcasting,
dynamic_cast, typeid and type info; and how to use virtual destructors to ensure that all appropriate destructors run on
an object.
+++Lesson 14: Templates
This lesson shows you how to use function templates to conveniently create a group of related (overloaded) functions.
You will learn how to distinguish between function templates and function-template specializations; how to use class

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templates to create a group of related types; how to distinguish between class templates and class-template
specializations; and how to overload function templates.
+++Lesson 15: Exception Handling
This lesson shows you what exceptions are and when to use them. In it, you will learn to use try, catch and throw to
detect, handle and indicate exceptions, respectively; to process uncaught and unexpected exceptions; to declare new
exception classes; to handle new failures; to use auto_ptr to prevent memory leaks; and to understand the standard
exception hierarchy.
+++Lesson 16: Standard Template Library (STL)
In this lesson, you will learn to use the STL containers, container adapters and near containers. This lesson explores how
to program with the dozens of STL algorithms, and how algorithms use iterators to access the elements of STL
containers. You will also learn about the STL resources available on the Internet and the World Wide Web.
+++Lesson 17: STL Containers and Container Adapters Lesson
This lesson begins with a review of the vector class template and of the additional capabilities of vectors. The multiset
and set classes are explored next, followed by a discussion of the multimap and map class templates. Finally, the stack,
queue, and priority_queue adapter classes are examined in detail.
+++Lesson 18: STL Algorithms, the Bitset Class, and Function Objects
This lesson starts by exploring examples of C++ STL algorithms. Then the bitset container class is explored. Finally,
function objects are explored in detail. Several of the algorithms introduced in this lesson use function objects.