The document discusses the seven pillars of ASP.NET that differentiated it from previous web development platforms when it was first released. These pillars include: 1) ASP.NET being integrated with the .NET Framework; 2) ASP.NET applications being compiled instead of interpreted; 3) ASP.NET being multilanguage; 4) ASP.NET being hosted by the Common Language Runtime; 5) ASP.NET being object-oriented; 6) ASP.NET supporting all browsers; and 7) ASP.NET having a stateful programming model.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, variables, methods, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, constructors, memory management, exceptions, I/O streams, threads, collections, serialization and more. It also includes examples of practical applications and code snippets to demonstrate various Java features.
This document provides an introduction to Java programming concepts including:
- Java is both a programming language and platform that is simple, architecture neutral, object-oriented, and portable.
- Java source code is written in .java files and compiled into .class files by javac before being executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
- The JVM allows Java programs to run on any platform without recompilation, providing platform independence.
- Key Java concepts covered include objects, classes, methods, variables, data types, operators, control flow, and arrays.
- Examples demonstrate how to write, compile, and run simple Java programs to illustrate these core programming concepts.
This document provides an introduction to Java applications and applets. It discusses that Java can be used to develop both standalone applications and programs designed to run in web browsers (applets). It then covers the history and development of Java, the basic characteristics and components of Java programs, and how to create a simple Java application with classes, methods, and a main method. It also introduces applets, describing them as Java programs embedded in web pages, and covers some key applet methods like init() and paint(). Finally, it provides an example of a basic applet class that draws shapes and text and the HTML required to embed an applet in a web page.
Java 8 introduces new type annotation syntax (JSR 308) permitting annotations to appear on any use of a type. Type annotations provide exciting new opportunities for tooling such as detecting additional classes of errors at compile-time. This presentation provides an overview of the new type annotation syntax, tools for leveraging type annotations, and type annotation design patterns.
These slides are from Todd Schiller's talk at the March 24th New York City Java Meetup.
Java annotations allow metadata to be added to Java code elements like classes, methods, and fields. This metadata can be read by tools and libraries to affect how the code is processed. Common built-in annotations include @Deprecated, @Override, and @SuppressWarnings. Annotations can also be applied to other annotations to specify how they function, such as their retention policy or valid targets. As an example, the document describes how to build a simple annotation-based test framework using the @Test annotation to mark test methods.
java: basics, user input, data type, constructorShivam Singhal
The document provides an overview of some key Java concepts including classes, attributes, methods, objects, constructors, and data types. It explains that classes contain attributes and methods, and that objects are instantiated from classes using constructors. It also describes static and non-static methods, with static methods not requiring an object to be called. The main method is used to control program flow. User input can be obtained through command line arguments, Scanner, or BufferedReader classes.
This document provides an overview of Module 02 - Basic Java Programming which covers basic Java programming concepts such as variables, data types, operators, classes, objects, and methods. It also discusses compiling and running Java applications from the command line and with an IDE. Hands-on labs are included to build a simple Java application with JDeveloper IDE, create a JAR file, and use JConsole to monitor a Java application.
This document provides information on performing object-oriented analysis and design in Java technology. It outlines the basics of the Java language that should be applied, including creating executable applications, using packages, data types, operators, decision constructs, arrays, and loop constructs. It also describes the learning outcomes, methodology, and assessment approach for this competency.
The document provides an overview of key Java concepts including classes, objects, variables, methods, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, constructors, memory management, exceptions, I/O streams, threads, collections, serialization and more. It also includes examples of practical applications and code snippets to demonstrate various Java features.
This document provides an introduction to Java programming concepts including:
- Java is both a programming language and platform that is simple, architecture neutral, object-oriented, and portable.
- Java source code is written in .java files and compiled into .class files by javac before being executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
- The JVM allows Java programs to run on any platform without recompilation, providing platform independence.
- Key Java concepts covered include objects, classes, methods, variables, data types, operators, control flow, and arrays.
- Examples demonstrate how to write, compile, and run simple Java programs to illustrate these core programming concepts.
This document provides an introduction to Java applications and applets. It discusses that Java can be used to develop both standalone applications and programs designed to run in web browsers (applets). It then covers the history and development of Java, the basic characteristics and components of Java programs, and how to create a simple Java application with classes, methods, and a main method. It also introduces applets, describing them as Java programs embedded in web pages, and covers some key applet methods like init() and paint(). Finally, it provides an example of a basic applet class that draws shapes and text and the HTML required to embed an applet in a web page.
Java 8 introduces new type annotation syntax (JSR 308) permitting annotations to appear on any use of a type. Type annotations provide exciting new opportunities for tooling such as detecting additional classes of errors at compile-time. This presentation provides an overview of the new type annotation syntax, tools for leveraging type annotations, and type annotation design patterns.
These slides are from Todd Schiller's talk at the March 24th New York City Java Meetup.
Java annotations allow metadata to be added to Java code elements like classes, methods, and fields. This metadata can be read by tools and libraries to affect how the code is processed. Common built-in annotations include @Deprecated, @Override, and @SuppressWarnings. Annotations can also be applied to other annotations to specify how they function, such as their retention policy or valid targets. As an example, the document describes how to build a simple annotation-based test framework using the @Test annotation to mark test methods.
java: basics, user input, data type, constructorShivam Singhal
The document provides an overview of some key Java concepts including classes, attributes, methods, objects, constructors, and data types. It explains that classes contain attributes and methods, and that objects are instantiated from classes using constructors. It also describes static and non-static methods, with static methods not requiring an object to be called. The main method is used to control program flow. User input can be obtained through command line arguments, Scanner, or BufferedReader classes.
This document provides an overview of Module 02 - Basic Java Programming which covers basic Java programming concepts such as variables, data types, operators, classes, objects, and methods. It also discusses compiling and running Java applications from the command line and with an IDE. Hands-on labs are included to build a simple Java application with JDeveloper IDE, create a JAR file, and use JConsole to monitor a Java application.
This document provides information on performing object-oriented analysis and design in Java technology. It outlines the basics of the Java language that should be applied, including creating executable applications, using packages, data types, operators, decision constructs, arrays, and loop constructs. It also describes the learning outcomes, methodology, and assessment approach for this competency.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts. It discusses the need for OOP, defining classes and objects, class hierarchies and inheritance, method binding and overriding, exceptions, and abstraction mechanisms. The key concepts covered are objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
Introduction to Annotations.
What are Annotations➔ Annotations are structured information added to program source code➔ Annotations associated meta-information with definitions➔ They can be attached to any variable, method, expression, or another program element Like comments, they can be sprinkled throughout a program➔ Unlike comments, they have structure, thus making them easier to machine process.
- The document is a lab manual for an introductory Java programming course that provides instructions on installing Java, using an IDE, and writing simple Java programs.
- It explains how to create a "Hello World" Java program using BlueJ or JCreator IDEs, compile and run the program, and addresses common errors students may encounter.
- The document provides an example "Hello World" Java program and explains the key components of a basic Java class including the class definition, main method, and use of System.out.println to display output.
The document contains notes on Java programming concepts from Unit 1. It defines key terms like platform, Java platform, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and Java Application Programming Interface (API). It also discusses features of the Java language like being object-oriented, robust, portable, and platform independent. The notes provide examples of Java applications and applets and explain why Java is important for internet programming. It also lists differences between Java and C, describes components of the Java Development Kit (JDK), and covers data types and variables in Java.
The document provides definitions and explanations of various C# concepts including polymorphism, abstract methods, virtual methods, objects, classes, static methods, inheritance, virtual keyword, abstract classes, sealed modifiers, interfaces, pure virtual functions, access modifiers, reference types, overloading, overriding, encapsulation, arrays, array lists, hash tables, queues, stacks, early binding, late binding, sorted lists, and delegates. Key points covered include the differences between abstract and virtual methods, what defines a class versus an object, when to use static versus non-static methods, inheritance implementation in C#, and the purpose of interfaces.
Annotations provide metadata that can be applied to Java code elements. They do not directly affect program semantics but can be read and used by tools and libraries. The key points are:
1. Annotations were introduced in Java 5 to allow programmers to add metadata directly in code.
2. Common uses of annotations include providing compiler instructions, documentation, code generation, and runtime processing.
3. Annotation types define the structure of annotations and can be further configured using meta-annotations like @Target and @Retention.
The document discusses reflection in programming, specifically in Java. It provides an overview of reflection, its advantages like enabling polymorphism and creating adaptable code, and its disadvantages like reduced performance and increased complexity. It also discusses proper uses of reflection, like in development tools, and misuses, like when interfaces could enable the same functionality more cleanly. An example is provided to demonstrate how to use reflection in Java to inspect class details at runtime.
The document discusses exceptions in .NET programs. It defines what exceptions are, how they are represented by classes in the .NET Framework that derive from the SystemException class, and how exceptions can be handled using structured exception handling with try, catch, and finally blocks. It also covers raising exceptions intentionally and filtering exceptions in catch blocks.
Back-2-Basics: .NET Coding Standards For The Real WorldDavid McCarter
The document provides information about coding standards and best practices for .NET development. It recommends establishing coding standards for organizations to promote consistent and maintainable code. It also discusses specific standards for elements like namespaces, enums, classes, methods, and comments. Examples are provided to illustrate proper naming conventions, formatting, and defensive coding techniques.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts related to exception handling in Java. It covers the benefits of exception handling such as separating error handling code from regular logic and propagating errors up the call stack. It also describes key exception handling constructs like try, catch, throw and throws. The different exception models of termination and resumption are explained along with the exception hierarchy in Java.
This presentation is ideal for a beginner of Java or someone who wants to brush up their Java Knowledge. It's simple to understand and well organized in a way most of the area in core Java has been covered.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language including how it works, its features, syntax, and input/output capabilities. Java allows software to run on any device by compiling code to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine instead of a particular computer architecture. It is an object-oriented language with features like automatic memory management, cross-platform capabilities, and a robust class library.
This document provides 3 methods for starting to program in Java:
1. Using the shell to run Java code by compiling .java files with javac and running .class files with java.
2. Using the Eclipse IDE which provides an abstraction for programming without needing to install the JDK.
3. Creating a first program in Java by installing an editor, creating a class file, compiling with javac, and running with java.
- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Only depending on the JVM allows Java code to run on any hardware or operating system with a JVM.
- Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Classes can contain methods and instance variables to define objects.
The document discusses Java packages and classes. It describes common Java API packages like java.lang, java.util, java.io, java.awt, and java.net and what types of classes they contain. It also provides examples of using packages like Vector, Random, Date, and Calendar classes and their key methods. The Calendar class allows interpreting dates and times, defining constants used for components like MONTH, DATE, HOUR, etc.
This document discusses Java class libraries, exceptions, and input/output. It covers the structure of the Java API and how to import classes. It also describes checked and unchecked exceptions, and how to write exception handling code. Finally, it provides examples of reading and writing text and binary files using different stream classes like FileReader, FileWriter, BufferedReader, and BufferedWriter.
Java is a high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. ... Instead, Java programs are interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, which runs on multiple platforms. This means all Java programs are multiplatform and can run on different platforms, including Macintosh, Windows, and Unix computers.
Java was created in 1991 by James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton at Sun Microsystems. It has three editions: Java ME for limited devices, Java SE as the core platform for desktops and servers, and Java EE for large enterprise applications. Java code is compiled into bytecode that runs on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) making Java portable across platforms. Key principles of Java include being object-oriented, secure, and platform independent.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key Java concepts like object-oriented programming, classes, methods, streams, and input/output. It also covers Java syntax like primitive types, variables, operators, flow control, and arrays. The document explains how Java code is compiled to bytecode and run on the Java Virtual Machine, making it platform independent.
The document provides an introduction to the Microsoft .NET framework. It discusses that .NET is a development platform and runtime environment that includes a virtual machine, common language runtime, and class libraries. It supports building applications for web, Windows desktop, services and more using languages like C#. The .NET framework provides a consistent programming model, code execution environment, and class libraries to simplify development.
The document provides an introduction to the .NET framework. It discusses that .NET is a software framework developed by Microsoft that includes a virtual machine (CLR) that compiles and executes programs written in different languages like C#, VB, and C++. It then summarizes some of the key features and components of the .NET framework like language integration, automatic memory management via garbage collection, and its support for building different types of applications.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts. It discusses the need for OOP, defining classes and objects, class hierarchies and inheritance, method binding and overriding, exceptions, and abstraction mechanisms. The key concepts covered are objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
Introduction to Annotations.
What are Annotations➔ Annotations are structured information added to program source code➔ Annotations associated meta-information with definitions➔ They can be attached to any variable, method, expression, or another program element Like comments, they can be sprinkled throughout a program➔ Unlike comments, they have structure, thus making them easier to machine process.
- The document is a lab manual for an introductory Java programming course that provides instructions on installing Java, using an IDE, and writing simple Java programs.
- It explains how to create a "Hello World" Java program using BlueJ or JCreator IDEs, compile and run the program, and addresses common errors students may encounter.
- The document provides an example "Hello World" Java program and explains the key components of a basic Java class including the class definition, main method, and use of System.out.println to display output.
The document contains notes on Java programming concepts from Unit 1. It defines key terms like platform, Java platform, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and Java Application Programming Interface (API). It also discusses features of the Java language like being object-oriented, robust, portable, and platform independent. The notes provide examples of Java applications and applets and explain why Java is important for internet programming. It also lists differences between Java and C, describes components of the Java Development Kit (JDK), and covers data types and variables in Java.
The document provides definitions and explanations of various C# concepts including polymorphism, abstract methods, virtual methods, objects, classes, static methods, inheritance, virtual keyword, abstract classes, sealed modifiers, interfaces, pure virtual functions, access modifiers, reference types, overloading, overriding, encapsulation, arrays, array lists, hash tables, queues, stacks, early binding, late binding, sorted lists, and delegates. Key points covered include the differences between abstract and virtual methods, what defines a class versus an object, when to use static versus non-static methods, inheritance implementation in C#, and the purpose of interfaces.
Annotations provide metadata that can be applied to Java code elements. They do not directly affect program semantics but can be read and used by tools and libraries. The key points are:
1. Annotations were introduced in Java 5 to allow programmers to add metadata directly in code.
2. Common uses of annotations include providing compiler instructions, documentation, code generation, and runtime processing.
3. Annotation types define the structure of annotations and can be further configured using meta-annotations like @Target and @Retention.
The document discusses reflection in programming, specifically in Java. It provides an overview of reflection, its advantages like enabling polymorphism and creating adaptable code, and its disadvantages like reduced performance and increased complexity. It also discusses proper uses of reflection, like in development tools, and misuses, like when interfaces could enable the same functionality more cleanly. An example is provided to demonstrate how to use reflection in Java to inspect class details at runtime.
The document discusses exceptions in .NET programs. It defines what exceptions are, how they are represented by classes in the .NET Framework that derive from the SystemException class, and how exceptions can be handled using structured exception handling with try, catch, and finally blocks. It also covers raising exceptions intentionally and filtering exceptions in catch blocks.
Back-2-Basics: .NET Coding Standards For The Real WorldDavid McCarter
The document provides information about coding standards and best practices for .NET development. It recommends establishing coding standards for organizations to promote consistent and maintainable code. It also discusses specific standards for elements like namespaces, enums, classes, methods, and comments. Examples are provided to illustrate proper naming conventions, formatting, and defensive coding techniques.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts related to exception handling in Java. It covers the benefits of exception handling such as separating error handling code from regular logic and propagating errors up the call stack. It also describes key exception handling constructs like try, catch, throw and throws. The different exception models of termination and resumption are explained along with the exception hierarchy in Java.
This presentation is ideal for a beginner of Java or someone who wants to brush up their Java Knowledge. It's simple to understand and well organized in a way most of the area in core Java has been covered.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language including how it works, its features, syntax, and input/output capabilities. Java allows software to run on any device by compiling code to bytecode that runs on a virtual machine instead of a particular computer architecture. It is an object-oriented language with features like automatic memory management, cross-platform capabilities, and a robust class library.
This document provides 3 methods for starting to program in Java:
1. Using the shell to run Java code by compiling .java files with javac and running .class files with java.
2. Using the Eclipse IDE which provides an abstraction for programming without needing to install the JDK.
3. Creating a first program in Java by installing an editor, creating a class file, compiling with javac, and running with java.
- Java is a platform independent programming language that is similar to C++ in syntax but similar to Smalltalk in its object-oriented approach. It provides features like automatic memory management, security, and multi-threading capabilities.
- Java code is compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Only depending on the JVM allows Java code to run on any hardware or operating system with a JVM.
- Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Classes can contain methods and instance variables to define objects.
The document discusses Java packages and classes. It describes common Java API packages like java.lang, java.util, java.io, java.awt, and java.net and what types of classes they contain. It also provides examples of using packages like Vector, Random, Date, and Calendar classes and their key methods. The Calendar class allows interpreting dates and times, defining constants used for components like MONTH, DATE, HOUR, etc.
This document discusses Java class libraries, exceptions, and input/output. It covers the structure of the Java API and how to import classes. It also describes checked and unchecked exceptions, and how to write exception handling code. Finally, it provides examples of reading and writing text and binary files using different stream classes like FileReader, FileWriter, BufferedReader, and BufferedWriter.
Java is a high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. ... Instead, Java programs are interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, which runs on multiple platforms. This means all Java programs are multiplatform and can run on different platforms, including Macintosh, Windows, and Unix computers.
Java was created in 1991 by James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton at Sun Microsystems. It has three editions: Java ME for limited devices, Java SE as the core platform for desktops and servers, and Java EE for large enterprise applications. Java code is compiled into bytecode that runs on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) making Java portable across platforms. Key principles of Java include being object-oriented, secure, and platform independent.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key Java concepts like object-oriented programming, classes, methods, streams, and input/output. It also covers Java syntax like primitive types, variables, operators, flow control, and arrays. The document explains how Java code is compiled to bytecode and run on the Java Virtual Machine, making it platform independent.
The document provides an introduction to the Microsoft .NET framework. It discusses that .NET is a development platform and runtime environment that includes a virtual machine, common language runtime, and class libraries. It supports building applications for web, Windows desktop, services and more using languages like C#. The .NET framework provides a consistent programming model, code execution environment, and class libraries to simplify development.
The document provides an introduction to the .NET framework. It discusses that .NET is a software framework developed by Microsoft that includes a virtual machine (CLR) that compiles and executes programs written in different languages like C#, VB, and C++. It then summarizes some of the key features and components of the .NET framework like language integration, automatic memory management via garbage collection, and its support for building different types of applications.
asp.net using c# notes sem 5 ( we-it tutorials ).
Review of .NET frameworks, Introduction to C#, Variables and expressions, flow controls, functions, debugging and error handling, OOPs with C#, Defining classes and class members.
Assembly, Components of Assembly, Private and Shared Assembly, Garbage Collector, JIT compiler. Namespaces Collections, Delegates and Events. Introduction to ASP.NET 4: Microsoft.NET framework, ASP.NET lifecycle. CSS: Need of CSS, Introduction to CSS, Working with CSS with visual developer.
ASP.NET server controls: Introduction, How to work with button controls, Textboxes, Labels, checkboxes and radio buttons, list controls and other web server controls, web.config and global.asax files. Programming ASP.NET web pages: Introduction, data types and variables, statements, organizing code, object oriented basics.
Validation Control: Introduction, basic validation controls, validation techniques, using advanced validation controls. State Management: Using view state, using session state, using application state, using cookies and URL encoding. Master Pages: Creating master pages, content pages, nesting master pages, accessing master page controls from a content page. Navigation: Introduction to use the site navigation, using site navigation controls.
Databases: Introduction, using SQL data sources, GridView Control, DetailsView and FormView Controls, ListView and DataPager controls, Using object datasources. ASP.NET Security: Authentication, Authorization, Impersonation, ASP.NET provider model
LINQ: Operators, implementations, LINQ to objects,XML,ADO.NET, Query Syntax. ASP.NET Ajax: Introducing AJAX, Working of AJAX, Using ASP.NET AJAX
server controls. JQuery: Introduction to JQuery, JQuery UI Library, Working of JQuery
.NET is a development framework created by Microsoft that allows developers to easily create applications. It provides libraries and functionality that developers commonly use. .NET supports multiple programming languages and allows programs written in different languages to interact. Code written for .NET executes within the Common Language Runtime (CLR) environment, which handles tasks like memory management, security, and interoperability to make development easier.
Dot net-interview-questions-and-answers part iRakesh Joshi
.NET Framework is a complete environment that allows developers to develop, run, and deploy the following applications: Console applications,Windows Forms applications,Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications,Web applications (ASP.NET applications),Web services,Windows services,Service-oriented applications using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF),Workflow-enabled applications using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF).
.NET Framework also enables a developer to create sharable components to be used in distributed computing architecture. NET Framework supports the object-oriented programming model for multiple languages, such as Visual Basic, Visual C#, and Visual C++. .NET Framework supports multiple programming languages in a manner that allows language interoperability. This implies that each language can use the code written in some other language.
Dot net-interview-questions-and-answers part iRakesh Joshi
.NET is a general-purpose software development platform, similar to Java. At its core is a virtual machine that turns intermediate language (IL) into machine code. High-level language compilers for C#, VB.NET and C++ are provided to turn source code into IL. C# is a new programming language, very similar to Java. An extensive class library is included, featuring all the functionality one might expect from a contempory development platform - windows GUI development (Windows Form s), database access (ADO.NET), web development (ASP.NET), web services, XML etc.
This document provides an introduction to .NET framework from Eng. Mohamed Atia. It discusses that the course will cover building applications with .NET using popular hello world examples and investigating core .NET concepts like object-oriented programming, data structures, exceptions handling, and delegates/events. It also summarizes that .NET provides a simplified development environment compared to previous technologies by offering common class libraries, security features, easier deployment and interoperability between languages that compile to common intermediate language.
This document contains a summary of questions that are commonly asked during .NET interviews. The author collected material from various websites to compile it into a single file for reference. They take no responsibility for any errors in the file and welcome feedback to correct any mistakes. Readers are asked to contact the author via email if they find any inaccuracies.
The .NET Framework provides a common language runtime and class libraries for building and running applications across platforms and languages. It includes features like garbage collection, type safety, exception handling and Just-In-Time compilation. The .NET Framework supports multiple programming languages and allows components written in different languages to interact seamlessly.
.NET is a software framework developed by Microsoft that includes a runtime environment, class libraries and tools to develop various types of applications. The .NET Framework provides a common language runtime (CLR) that compiles code into an intermediate language and provides services like memory management and security. It also includes a base class library for developing Windows forms, web forms, web services and more using languages like C# and Visual Basic. .NET aims to provide a unified platform for developing desktop, web and mobile applications using common languages and libraries.
The document discusses .NET Framework and the C# programming language. It defines .NET as a platform-neutral framework that supports multiple languages and provides common class libraries. When code is compiled, it is converted to an intermediate language (IL) rather than native machine code. At runtime, the .NET Framework uses just-in-time compilation to convert IL to native code. This allows .NET applications to run on different operating systems and processors. The framework also includes a common language runtime, class libraries, and supports languages like C# and VB.NET.
The document discusses the introduction and history of .NET technology and Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET). It provides details on:
- The .NET framework which provides a development framework for building applications and web services.
- VB.NET which is a programming language that targets the .NET framework and is a successor to Visual Basic 6. It discusses the various versions of VB.NET released.
- Features of .NET such as interoperability, common language runtime, language independence, security and portability.
- The evolution of software development approaches from procedure-oriented to structure-oriented to object-oriented.
Quontra Solutions provides .NET training by Real time Industry experts. .NET is having good demand in the market. Our .NET online training Instructors are very much experienced and highly qualified and dedicated.
Our .NET online training program is job oriented. After completion of .NET training with us you should be able to work on any kind of project. After completion of .NET online training our dedicated team will be supporting you.
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The document provides an introduction to the .NET framework, including its evolution, versions, components, characteristics, and pros and cons. It discusses the Common Language Runtime (CLR), Common Type System (CTS), Base Class Library (BCL), Common Language Specification (CLS), Framework Class Library (FCL), .NET assemblies, and other components like Windows Forms and ASP.NET. It also covers when .NET is well-suited, such as for scalable products, cross-platform needs, and enterprise-scale infrastructures.
The document provides an introduction to the .NET framework. It discusses that .NET is a software framework developed by Microsoft that allows programs written in languages like C#, Visual Basic, and C++ to be executed. It then summarizes some of the key features of .NET, including support for object-oriented programming, multiple programming languages, automatic memory management, and simplifying application deployment. Finally, it outlines some of the main design goals of .NET such as component reuse across languages, integration of languages, support for web services, simplified development, deployment and security features.
This document provides an overview of the .NET framework, including its history, components, tools, and key concepts like assemblies and garbage collection. It discusses what .NET is, when it was announced, its different versions, supported operating systems, development tools, intermediate language, programming languages like C#, and managed vs unmanaged code. It also covers assemblies, versioning, application domains, hosting .NET applications, and deterministic object destruction.
This document provides an overview of the .NET framework architecture. It discusses the history and versions of .NET, the different types of .NET applications, and how .NET applications communicate with the operating system. It also describes the core components of the .NET runtime environment like the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Common Type System (CTS). Finally, it compares .NET Framework to .NET Core and lists some popular programming languages that are compatible with the .NET platform.
This document provides an overview of ASP.NET controls. It defines server controls and how they maintain state. It describes the different types of controls in the toolbox, including web form controls, HTML controls, validation controls, list controls, components, and data controls. Server controls allow events to be handled on the server and maintain their state through the viewstate hidden field. This allows controls to retain entered values between posts backs.
Microsoft .NET is a framework that consists of the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Framework Class Library (FCL). The CLR defines a common programming model and standard type system for cross-platform, multi-language development. .NET supports multiple languages like C#, VB, C++ that compile to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) for execution on any supported platform by the CLR through just-in-time compilation. The FCL provides classes for common functions like file/data access, networking, and more.
This document describes an online shopping website developed using Visual Studio 2010 and C# that allows customers to browse and purchase products online. It has two main modules: the customer module and admin module. The customer module allows users to register, browse products, place and pay for orders online. The admin module allows admins to manage products, customer details, orders and reports. The document provides details on the system specifications, software used and features of Visual Studio .NET and ASP.NET.
This document discusses the differences between interfaces and abstract classes in software development. It explains that interfaces define a contract that implementing classes must follow, while abstract classes can provide default functionality for subclasses. The key differences are that interfaces cannot contain method implementations, but abstract classes can, and changing an interface can break implementing classes, while extending an abstract class allows inheriting new functionality. It provides examples of when each would be preferable, such as using interfaces for unrelated classes and abstract classes for closely related subclasses that share common behavior.
This document provides an introduction to LINQ (Language Integrated Query). LINQ allows querying over various data sources using a common SQL-like syntax. It introduces key LINQ concepts like LINQ to Objects, LINQ to SQL, LINQ to XML and language features in .NET that support LINQ like lambda expressions and extension methods. The document also provides examples of standard query operators and using LINQ to query objects, databases and XML documents.
Rhino Mocks is a .NET mocking framework that allows developers to easily create and setup mock objects to test interactions using unit tests. It generates both mocks, which allow expectations to be set and verified, and stubs, which simply return preset values without verification. The document provides examples of using Rhino Mocks to generate mocks and stubs of interfaces, set expectations on mocks, and verify mock interactions using the AAA (Arrange, Act, Assert) syntax. It also distinguishes between mocks and stubs.
Test-driven development (TDD) involves writing unit tests before writing code to help ensure code quality and avoid omitted tests. The document discusses the NUnit testing framework for .NET, which uses attributes to identify test fixtures, methods, and setup/teardown functionality. It also covers how to write tests using assertions and run tests using the NUnit GUI or console applications.
NUnit is a unit testing framework for .NET languages that was initially ported from JUnit. It allows writing and running automated tests for code written in languages like C# and VB.NET. NUnit provides features like assertions to validate expected outcomes and attributes to organize and categorize tests. It also displays results of test runs to indicate successes or failures.
WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) is Microsoft's latest service-oriented architecture technology for building distributed applications. It provides a common platform for all .NET communication and is the successor to previous message distribution technologies. WCF allows developers to build service-oriented applications and exposes endpoints that define the address, binding, and contract for communicating with clients. Endpoints can be configured programmatically or through configuration files and bindings describe how clients will communicate with services. Services in WCF define contracts including service contracts, data contracts, and message contracts. Services can be hosted in different ways including using IIS, self-hosting, Windows Activation Service, or as a Windows service.
The document provides step-by-step instructions for installing SQL Server 2012. It outlines 18 steps to guide the user through the installation process, including inserting the installation media, selecting installation options, accepting license terms, selecting SQL Server features to install, specifying installation directories, and configuring security settings. The instructions recommend selecting default options for things like the SQL Server instance name and service accounts. Once configuration is complete, the user clicks install to begin the installation process.
Dependency injection is a design pattern that removes tight coupling between objects and their dependencies. It allows for objects to have their dependencies satisfied externally rather than internally. There are three main types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection. Constructor injection passes dependencies through a class's constructor, while setter injection uses properties, and interface injection relies on implementing a common interface. Dependency injection promotes loose coupling, testability, and flexibility between classes.
Ajax allows web pages to asynchronously update parts of a page by exchanging data with a web server behind the scenes without reloading the entire page. It uses a combination of technologies like HTML/XHTML, CSS, DOM, XML, JavaScript, and the XMLHttpRequest object. This allows faster and more interactive web applications by reducing the amount of data sent and received.
jQuery is a popular JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document manipulation and event handling. It allows developers to select elements, handle events, perform animations and AJAX calls. jQuery uses CSS selectors to select elements and includes methods for DOM traversal, manipulation, events and effects. It works across browsers and supports plugins for additional functionality.
1. The Seven Pillars of ASP.NET
When ASP.NET was first released, there were seven key facts that differentiated it from previous
Microsoft products and competing platforms. If you’re coming to ASP.NET from another web
development platform, or you’re an old-hand .NET coder who has yet to try programming for the Web,
these sections will quickly give you a bit of ASP.NET insight.
#1: ASP.NET is integrated with the .NET Framework
The .NET Framework is divided into an almost painstaking collection of functional parts, with tens of
thousands of types (the .NET term for classes, structures, interfaces, and other core programming
ingredients). Before you can program any sort of .NET application, you need a basic understanding of
those parts—and an understanding of why things are organized the way they are. The massive collection
of functionality that the .NET Framework provides is organized in a way that traditional Windows
programmers will see as a happy improvement. Each one of the thousands of classes in the .NET
Framework is grouped into a logical, hierarchical container called a namespace. Different namespaces
provide different features. Taken together, the .NET namespaces offer functionality for nearly every
aspect of distributed development from message queuing to security. This massive toolkit is called the
class library.
Interestingly, the way you use the .NET Framework classes in ASP.NET is the same as the way you use
them in any other type of .NET application (including a stand-alone Windows application, a Windows
service, a command-line utility, and so on). Although there are Windows-specific and web-specific
classes for building user interfaces, the vast majority of the .NET Framework (including everything from
database access to multithreaded programming) is usable in any type of application. In other words,
.NET gives the same tools to web developers that it gives to rich client developers.
■ Tip: One of the best resources for learning about new corners of the .NET Framework is the .NET
Framework class library reference, which is part of the MSDN Help library reference. If you have Visual
Studio 2008 installed, you can view the MSDN Help library by clicking the Start button and choosing
Programs ➤ Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 ➤ Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Documentation (the exact
shortcut depends on your version of Visual Studio). Or, you can find the most recent version of the class
library reference online at
#2: ASP.NET Is Compiled, Not Interpreted
ASP.NET applications, like all .NET applications, are always compiled. In fact, it’s impossible to execute
C# or Visual Basic code without it being compiled first.
.NET applications actually go through two stages of compilation. In the first stage, the C# code you write
is compiled into an intermediate language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), or just IL. This
first step is the fundamental reason that .NET can be language-interdependent. Essentially, all .NET
languages (including C#, Visual Basic, and many more) are compiled into virtually identical IL code. This
first compilation step may happen automatically when the page is first requested, or you can perform it
in advance (a process known as pre-compiling). The compiled file with IL code is an assembly.
2. The second level of compilation happens just before the page is actually executed. At this point, the IL
code is compiled into low-level native machine code. This stage is known as just-in-time (JIT)
compilation, and it takes place in the same way for all .NET applications (including Windows
applications, for example). Figure 1-1 shows this two-step compilation process.
.NET compilation is decoupled into two steps in order to offer developers the most convenience and the
best portability. Before a compiler can create low-level machine code, it needs to know what type of
operating system and hardware platform the application will run on (for example, 32-bit or 64-bit
Windows). By having two compile stages, you can create a compiled assembly with .NET code and still
distribute this to more than one platform.
Of course, JIT compilation probably wouldn’t be that useful if it needed to be performed every time a
user requested a web page from your site. Fortunately, ASP.NET applications don’t need to be compiled
every time a web page is requested. Instead, the IL code is created once and regenerated only when the
source is modified. Similarly, the native machine code files are cached in a system directory that has a
path like c:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFramework[Version]Temporary ASP.NET Files.
3. The actual point where your code is compiled to IL depends on how you’re creating and deploying your
web application. If you’re building a web project in Visual Studio, the code is compiled to IL when you
compile your project. But if you’re building a lighter-weight project less website, the code for each page
is compiled the first time you request that page. Either way, the code goes through its second
compilation step (from IL to machine code) the first time it’s executed.
ASP.NET also includes pre-compilation tools that you can use to compile your application right down to
machine code once you’ve deployed it to the production web server. This allows you to avoid the
overhead of first-time compilation when you deploy a finished application (and prevent other people
from tampering with your code).
#3: ASP.NET Is Multilanguage
Though you’ll probably opt to use one language over another when you develop an application, that
choice won’t determine what you can accomplish with your web applications. That’s because no matter
what language you use, the code is compiled into IL.
IL is a stepping stone for every managed application. (A managed application is any application that’s
written for .NET and executes inside the managed environment of the CLR.) In a sense, IL is the language
of .NET, and it’s the only language that the CLR recognizes.
To understand IL, it helps to consider a simple example. Take a look at this code written in C#:
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
public class TestClass
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
}
}
}
This code shows the most basic application that’s possible in .NET—a simple command-line utility that
displays a single, predictable message on the console window. Now look at it from a different
perspective. Here’s the IL code for the Main() method:
.method private hidebysig static void Main(string[] args) cil managed
{
.entrypoint
// Code size 13 (0xd)
.maxstack 8
IL_0000: nop
IL_0001: ldstr "Hello World"
IL_0006: call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string)
4. IL_000b: nop
IL_000c: ret
} // end of method TestClass::Main
It’s easy enough to look at the IL for any compiled .NET application. You simply need to run the IL
Disassembler, which is installed with Visual Studio and the .NET SDK (software development kit). Look
for the file ildasm.exe in a directory like c:Program FilesMicrosoft SDKsWindowsv7.0Abin. Run
ildasm.exe, and then use the File ➤ Open command, and select any DLL or EXE that was created with
.NET.
■ Tip: For even more disassembling power, check out the remarkable (and free) Reflector tool at
http://www.red-gate.com/products/reflector. With the help of community-created add-ins, you can use
Reflector to diagram, analyze, and decompile the IL code in any assembly.
If you’re patient and a little logical, you can deconstruct the IL code fairly easily and figure out what’s
happening. The fact that IL is so easy to disassemble can raise privacy and code control issues, but these
issues usually aren’t of any concern to ASP.NET developers. That’s because all ASP.NET code is stored
and executed on the server. Because the client never receives the compiled code file, the client has no
opportunity to decompile it. If it is a concern, consider using an obfuscator that scrambles code to try to
make it more difficult to understand. (For example, an obfuscator might rename all variables to have
generic, meaningless names such as f__a__234.) Visual Studio includes a scaled-down version of one
popular obfuscator, called Dotfuscator.
The following code shows the same console application in Visual Basic code:
Imports System
Namespace HelloWorld
Public Class TestClass
Shared Sub Main(args() As String)
Console.WriteLine("Hello World")
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
If you compile this application and look at the IL code, you’ll find that it’s nearly identical to the IL code
generated from the C# version. Although different compilers can sometimes introduce their own
optimizations, as a general rule of thumb no .NET language outperforms any other .NET language,
because they all share the same common infrastructure. This infrastructure is formalized in the CLS
(Common Language Specification), which is described in the following sidebar, entitled “The Common
Language Specification.
” It’s worth noting that IL has been adopted as an Ecma and ISO standard. This adoption allows the
adoption of other common language frameworks on other platforms. The Mono project at
http://www.mono-project.com is the best example of such a project.
The Common Language Specification
5. The Common Language Specification
The CLR expects all objects to adhere to a specific set of rules so that they can interact. The CLS is this set
of rules.
The CLS defines many laws that all languages must follow, such as primitive types, method overloading,
and so on. Any compiler that generates IL code to be executed in the CLR must adhere to all rules
governed within the CLS. The CLS gives developers, vendors, and software manufacturers the opportunity
to work within a common set of specifications for languages, compilers, and data types. You can find a
list of a large number of CLS-compliant languages at http://dotnetpowered.com/languages.aspx.
Given these criteria, the creation of a language compiler that generates true CLR-compliant code can be
complex. Nevertheless, compilers can exist for virtually any language, and chances are that there may
eventually be one for just about every language you’d ever want to use. Imagine—mainframe
programmers who loved COBOL in its heyday can now use their knowledge base to create web
applications!
#4: ASP.NET Is Hosted by the Common Language Runtime
Perhaps the most important aspect of the ASP.NET engine is that it runs inside the runtime environment
of the CLR. The whole of the .NET Framework—that is, all namespaces, applications, and classes—is
referred to as managed code. Though a full-blown investigation of the CLR is beyond the scope of this
chapter, some of the benefits are as follows:
Automatic memory management and garbage collection: Every time your application instantiates a
reference-type object, the CLR allocates space on the managed heap for that object. However, you
never need to clear this memory manually. As soon as your reference to an object goes out of scope (or
your application ends), the object becomes available for garbage collection. The garbage collector runs
periodically inside the CLR, automatically reclaiming unused memory for inaccessible objects. This model
saves you from the low-level complexities of C++ memory handling and from the quirkiness of COM
reference counting.
Type safety: When you compile an application, .NET adds information to your assembly that indicates
details such as the available classes, their members, their data types, and so on. As a result, other
applications can use them without requiring additional support files, and the compiler can verify that
every call is valid at runtime. This extra layer of safety completely obliterates whole categories of low-
level errors.
Extensible metadata: The information about classes and members is only one of the types of metadata
that .NET stores in a compiled assembly. Metadata describes your code and allows you to provide
additional information to the runtime or other services. For example, this metadata might tell a
debugger how to trace your code, or it might tell Visual Studio how to display a custom control at design
time. You could also use metadata to enable other runtime services, such as transactions or object
pooling.
Structured error handling: .NET languages offer structured exception handling, which allows you to
organize your error-handling code logically and concisely. You can create separate blocks to deal with
different types of errors. You can also nest exception handlers multiple layers deep.
Multithreading: The CLR provides a pool of threads that various classes can use. For example, you can
call methods, read files, or communicate with web services asynchronously, without needing to
explicitly create new threads.
6. #5: ASP.NET Is Object-Oriented
ASP provides a relatively feeble object model. It provides a small set of objects; these objects are really
just a thin layer over the raw details of HTTP and HTML. On the other hand, ASP.NET is truly object
oriented. Not only does your code have full access to all objects in the .NET Framework, but you can also
exploit all the conventions of an OOP (object-oriented programming) environment. For example, you
can create reusable classes, standardize code with interfaces, extend existing classes with inheritance,
and bundle useful functionality in a distributable, compiled component.
One of the best examples of object-oriented thinking in ASP.NET is found in server-based controls.
Server-based controls are the epitome of encapsulation. Developers can manipulate control objects
programmatically using code to customize their appearance, provide data to display, and even react to
events. The low-level HTML markup that these controls render is hidden away behind the scenes.
7. Instead of forcing the developer to write raw HTML manually, the control objects render themselves to
HTML just before the web server sends the page to the client. In this way, ASP.NET offers server controls
as a way to abstract the low-level details of HTML and HTTP programming.
Here’s a quick example with a standard HTML text box that you can define in an ASP.NET web page:
<input type="text" id="myText" runat="server" />
With the addition of the runat="server" attribute, this static piece of HTML becomes a fully functional
server-side control that you can manipulate in C# code. You can now work with events that it generates,
set attributes, and bind it to a data source. For example, you can set the text of this box when the page
first loads using the following C# code:
void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
myText.Value = "Hello World!";
}
Technically, this code sets the Value property of an HtmlInputText object. The end result is that a string
of text appears in a text box on the HTML page that’s rendered and sent to the client.
HTML Controls VS. Web Controls
When ASP.NET was first created, two schools of thought existed. Some ASP.NET developers were most
interested in server-side controls that matched the existing set of HTML controls exactly. This approach
allows you to create ASP.NET web-page interfaces in dedicated HTML editors, and it provides a quick
migration path for existing ASP pages. However, another set of ASP.NET developers saw the promise of
something more—rich server-side controls that didn’t just emulate individual HTML tags. These controls
might render their interface from dozens of distinct HTML elements while still providing a simple
objectbased interface to the programmer. Using this model, developers could work with programmable
menus, calendars, data lists, validators, and so on.
After some deliberation, Microsoft decided to provide both models. You’ve already seen an example of
HTML server controls, which map directly to the basic set of HTML tags. Along with these are ASP.NET
web controls, which provide a higher level of abstraction and more functionality. In most cases, you’ll
use HTML server-side controls for backward compatibility and quick migration, and use web controls for
new projects.
ASP.NET web control tags always start with the prefix asp: followed by the class name. For example, the
following snippet creates a text box and a check box:
<asp:TextBox id="myASPText" Text="Hello ASP.NET TextBox" runat="server" />
<asp:CheckBox id="myASPCheck" Text="My CheckBox" runat="server" />
Again, you can interact with these controls in your code, as follows:
myASPText.Text = "New text";
myASPCheck.Text = "Check me!";
Notice that the Value property you saw with the HTML control has been replaced with a Text property.
The HtmlInputText.Value property was named to match the underlying value attribute in the HTML
8. <input> tag. However, web controls don’t place the same emphasis on correlating with HTML syntax, so
the more descriptive property name Text is used instead.
The ASP.NET family of web controls includes complex rendered controls (such as the Calendar and
TreeView), along with more streamlined controls (such as TextBox, Label, and Button), which map
closely to existing HTML tags. In the latter case, the HTML server-side control and the ASP.NET web
control variants provide similar functionality, although the web controls tend to expose a more
standardized, streamlined interface. This makes the web controls easy to learn, and it also means
they’re a natural fit for Windows developers moving to the world of the Web, because many of the
property names are similar to the corresponding Windows controls.
#6: ASP.NET supports all Browsers
One of the greatest challenges web developers face is the wide variety of browsers they need to
support. Different browsers, versions, and configurations differ in their support of XHTML, CSS, and
JavaScript. Web developers need to choose whether they should render their content according to the
lowest common denominator, and whether they should add ugly hacks to deal with well-known quirks
on popular browsers.
ASP.NET addresses this problem in a remarkably intelligent way. Although you can retrieve information
about the client browser and its capabilities in an ASP.NET page, ASP.NET actually encourages
developers to ignore these considerations and use a rich suite of web server controls. These server
controls render their markup adaptively by taking the client’s capabilities into account. One example is
ASP.NET’s validation controls, which use JavaScript and DHTML (Dynamic HTML) to enhance their
behavior if the client supports it. Another example is the set of Ajax-enabled controls, which uses
complex JavaScript routines that test browser versions and use carefully tested workarounds to ensure
consistent behavior. These features are optional, but they demonstrate how intelligent controls can
make the most of cutting-edge browsers without shutting out other clients. Best of all, you don’t need
any extra coding work to support both types of client.
#7: ASP.NET Is Easy to Deploy and Configure
One of the biggest headaches a web developer faces during a development cycle is deploying a
completed application to a production server. Not only do the web-page files, databases, and
components need to be transferred, but components need to be registered and a slew of configuration
settings need to be re-created. ASP.NET simplifies this process considerably.
Every installation of the .NET Framework provides the same core classes. As a result, deploying an
ASP.NET application is relatively simple. For no-frills deployment, you simply need to copy all the files to
a virtual directory on a production server (using an FTP program or even a command-line command like
XCOPY). As long as the host machine has the .NET Framework, there are no time-consuming registration
steps. Chapter 18 covers deployment in detail.
Distributing the components your application uses is just as easy. All you need to do is copy the
component assemblies along with your website files when you deploy your web application. Because all
the information about your component is stored directly in the assembly file metadata, there’s no need
to launch a registration program or modify the Windows registry. As long as you place these
9. components in the correct place (the Bin subdirectory of the web application directory), the ASP.NET
engine automatically detects them and makes them available to your web-page code. Try that with a
traditional COM component!
Configuration is another challenge with application deployment, particularly if you need to transfer
security information such as user accounts and user privileges. ASP.NET makes this deployment process
easier by minimizing the dependence on settings in IIS (Internet Information Services). Instead, most
ASP.NET settings are stored in a dedicated web.config file. The web.config file is placed in the same
directory as your web pages. It contains a hierarchical grouping of application settings stored in an easily
readable XML format that you can edit using nothing more than a text editor such as Notepad. When
you modify an application setting, ASP.NET notices that change and smoothly restarts the application in
a new application domain (keeping the existing application domain alive long enough to finish
processing any outstanding requests). The web.config file is never locked, so it can be updated at any
time.