Characterization and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Ba...asclepiuspdfs
Background: Infection due to the wound has been a major health concern worldwide. Objectives: The study was aimed to characterize and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of some bacteria associated with untreated wound infection among secondary school student at Kura Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 24 samples were collected from the subjects with untreated infected wound from July 2018 to December 2018. The wound swab samples were inoculated onto Nutrient agar, Blood agar, and MacConkey agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 h. Each colony was re-inoculated into freshly prepared agar plates until a pure colony was obtained. Isolates were identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using agar disk diffusion method.
Application of probiotics in complex treatment of tuberculosisIJERA Editor
The probiotic bacteria possessing ability to suppress growth of Mycobacterium B5 are revealed. Antagonistic
activity in selected strains studied during the growth on various nutrient media. Strains adapted to the low pH
exposure. They are steady against a number of the antibiotics, used at tuberculosis treatment. This testifies to the
prospects of further studies on the use of probiotics in the
Characterization and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Ba...asclepiuspdfs
Background: Infection due to the wound has been a major health concern worldwide. Objectives: The study was aimed to characterize and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of some bacteria associated with untreated wound infection among secondary school student at Kura Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 24 samples were collected from the subjects with untreated infected wound from July 2018 to December 2018. The wound swab samples were inoculated onto Nutrient agar, Blood agar, and MacConkey agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 h. Each colony was re-inoculated into freshly prepared agar plates until a pure colony was obtained. Isolates were identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using agar disk diffusion method.
Application of probiotics in complex treatment of tuberculosisIJERA Editor
The probiotic bacteria possessing ability to suppress growth of Mycobacterium B5 are revealed. Antagonistic
activity in selected strains studied during the growth on various nutrient media. Strains adapted to the low pH
exposure. They are steady against a number of the antibiotics, used at tuberculosis treatment. This testifies to the
prospects of further studies on the use of probiotics in the
Antibiotics
History and development of antibiotics
Decline of antibiotics
Bacteriophage: nature’s most abundant antibiotics
Phage specificity, resistance, transduction, lysis
Emergence of phages
Phage Case studies
Challenges to mainstream commercialization
Antibiotics
History and development of antibiotics
Decline of antibiotics
Bacteriophage: nature’s most abundant antibiotics
Phage specificity, resistance, transduction, lysis
Emergence of phages
Phage Case studies
Challenges to mainstream commercialization
Combating Drug Resistance in The Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Apollo Hospitals
Drug resistance of microbes has become a major stumbling block to treating patients successfully in the ICU. There is no doubt that microbes have the capacity to mutate or acquire drug destroying enzymes, but a multitude of errors by health care providers plays a major role in facilitating the development of resistance. The maintenance of drug use discipline in closed ICUs and having a responsive microbiology department are the first steps towards prevention of microbe resistance. Having an infection control committee that is able to collect and disseminate data is the next essential step. Education of health care providers to provide uniformity of health care according to set guidelines is the culmination of this towards the goal of minimizing the development of anti microbial resistance.
research paper title is Contamination of hospital food with Clostridium difficile in Central Italy. the contents include Clostridium difficile, Major cause of hospital infection, Various associated risk factors, Management strategies recommended by regulatory bodies, Critical Control points (CCCPs) and decision tree
1.Compare the modes of transmission of giardia vs C. difficile2. .pdfamrishinda
1.Compare the modes of transmission of giardia vs C. difficile?
2. How may C. difficile infections be prevented? (see resource links USA Today article and
Cincinnati hospital link)
resources:
http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/story/2012-08-16/deadly-bacteria-hospital-
infections/57079514/1 Bailey Quishenberry’s C. Diff Journey
http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/story/2012-08-16/cincinnati-hospital-clostridium-
difficile/57079520/1 Hospital Successfully Battles C. Diff
http://www.usatoday.com/yourlife/health/medical/2010-12-14-Last-ditch-method-at-fighting-
intestinal-superbug---_N.htm (takes a while to load so maybe copy and paste link)
Last Ditch Method of Fighting Intestinal Superbug
Solution
1. Giardia and C. difficlie are different types of organisms. Giardia is a water-borne protozoa,
and is primarily contracted due to ingesting or coming in contact with contaminated food, water
or feces of an infected carrier, usually in unsanitary conditions. C.difficile is spread through it\'s
bacterial spores, and the primary source of transmission of this bacterium is nosocomical
(hospital acquired infection), but the path is similar to that of Giardia, that is the fecal-oral route.
The site of transmission is the major difference between the two as the mode of transmission
between the two is largely the same.
2. C. diff is normally found in the digestive system, but is a poor competitor and is thus often
outnumbered by other bacteria in the normal human gut flora. But in a hospital setting where
patients take antibiotics, the normal gut flora is disrupted and the gut becomes a breeding ground
for any bacteria which can survive. C. diff is both antibiotic resistant and spore-forming, which
causes it to survive antibiotic use and increase in number as competition decreases.
C. diff can be managed by reducing use of antibiotics wherever possible, using disinfectants
which are effective against C. diff such as chlorine bleach, and in case of a possible infection,
using the gut flora from the same patient extracted at an earlier time to restore the balance of
bacteria in the gut..
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
On the horizon: Critical Care and the Microbiome - Hallie PrescottIntensive Care Society
This is Hallie Prescott's presentation from the opening plenary session at the Intensive Care Society State of the Art Meeting 2018
Dr. Hallie Prescott is an Assistant Professor in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine at the University of Michigan and staff physician at the Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital. She leads grants on post sepsis morbidity and hospital performance measurement from the US National Institutes of Health and the US Department of Veteran’s Affairs. She is an expert in long-term outcomes and recovery after sepsis, with a focus on preventable hospital readmissions. She is co-chair of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, inaugural Lowry-Fink fellow of the International Sepsis Forum (2017-2019), a former ANZICS Intensive Care Global Rising Star fellow (2015), and winner of the Early Career Achievement award from the American Thoracic Society’s Critical Care Assembly (2018).
In recognition of foot health month, the status of tea tree oil as an antimicrobial agent is reviewed. Tea tree oil shows great promise as an antifungal and antibacterial product. This includes topical infections of foot and toe nails.
The Value of Conducting Post-Marketing Clinical Research On Marketing Strategy Development
Nutraceutical Medical Research, LLC
By: Latesha Richards, Marketing Coordinator
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
C. Difficile & Probiotics, May 2010 Formatted & Edited
1. Advancing Your Products with Proven Science
NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2010
Probiotics for the Control of Clostridium difficile
By: Charles Spielholz, Ph.D.
Abstract: Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that can cause serious infections of the human
intestine. Resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, C. difficile is transferred from patient-
to-patient by an oral-fecal route. Infection of susceptible people by C. difficile is on the rise in
hospitals, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities. C. difficile gains a foothold in the
intestine while patients are treated with antibiotics that kill both pathogenic bacteria and the
natural population of harmless bacteria residing in the intestines. Preliminary clinical
trials indicate probiotics may help prevent C. difficile infections in hospitals and similar settings.
However, additional clinical trials are required in order to establish treatment protocols.
Clostridium difficile is a gram positive, difficile infection can also cause a more serious
spore forming anaerobic bacillus that causes condition, pseudomembranous colitis, a life
intestinal disease in humans. The bacteria attain threatening inflammation of the colon (large
a foothold in the human intestinal tract when intestine). C. difficile is responsible for
populations of bacteria that are part of the approximately 25% of the AAD cases in the
normal flora and fauna of the digestive tract are United States. It is also responsible for at least
compromised by factors such as antibiotic use. half of all the cases of antibiotic-associated
C. difficile infection is a significant cause of colitis and probably all of the cases of
antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). C. pseudomembranous colitis (1, 2). The incidence
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NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2010
of C. difficile infections has been increasing vancomycin). Such an approach greatly
dramatically over the past decade (2, 3). Up to attenuates the population of C. difficile and stops
20% of individuals with C. difficile infections the infection. However this approach does not
die because of the infection (4). The bacteria are replace the natural population of microbiota that
generally transferred by an oral-fecal route. populated the digestive tract before antibiotic
treatment. Lack of natural populations of native
In addition to antibiotic use, risk factors
microbiota appears to play a role in making an
for intestinal infections by C. difficile include
individual susceptible to recurrence of C.
aging, hospitalizations, surgery, and stays in
difficile infections (5). Therefore, proposals to
long-term care facilities. Diabetics and those
add microbiota back to the digestive tract have
taking medications to suppress the immune
been put forward and have been tested in
system are also at increased risk for C. difficile
preliminary clinical trials. In addition, there are
infections. Elderly people, who are at increased
reports of C. difficile resistance to metronidazole
risk for surgery, diabetes, injury, infections and
and vancomycin. Such reports strongly indicate a
who are more likely to receive antibiotic
need to develop additional approaches to treating
treatment and to live in long-term care facilities,
this infection.
are particularly prone to C. difficile infection,
AAD and pseudomembranous colitis. One approach to adding microbiota back
to the digestive tract is to simply ingest
Standard treatment of C. difficile
probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms
generally involves replacement of the antibiotics
that, when fed to a host organism, confer a health
in use with antibiotics that have activity against
benefit. Probiotics generally consist of yeast
C. difficile (the antibiotics in most common use
and/or bacteria and can be administered through
for this purpose are metronidzole and
a functional food. Probiotics can also be
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NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2010
administered in the form of supplements or tested for their potential in the prevention and
suppositories. Foods like yogurt are well known treatment of C. difficile infections (6, 7). For
sources of probiotics. It is always critical that probiotics composed of bacterial species, a small
the specific species and strain of probiotic be number of reports indicate that probiotics are
matched to the desired effect or condition. The potentially useful in decreasing the potential for
best species and strains of probiotics for specific acquiring a C. difficile infection while confined
conditions can only be determined through well in a hospital or similar institution. Patients
designed clinical trials. admitted to a hospital free of C. difficile
infection and receiving combinations of bacterial
The literature contains a variety of
probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium)
reports regarding treatment of C. difficile
in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical
infections with probiotics. Generally, the reports
trial were less likely to test positive for C.
show that treatment of C. difficile infections with
difficile toxins then control patients receiving
probiotics can be useful. However, a clear, well
placebo (8). This observation indicated that
defined protocol for using probiotics to treat C.
administration of bacterial based probiotics could
difficile has not yet been established. A brief
be useful in preventing patients from developing
review of some of the reports in the medical
C. difficile infections in settings like hospitals or
literature will provide a basic understanding of
long-term care facilities. Unfortunately, the
the current status of use of probiotics for C.
results of this study were compromised by the
difficile infection.
low number of patients enrolled. An
Bacterial strains from the genus observational pilot study produced data that
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and a yeast supported this conclusion (9); however that study
strain from the genus Saccharomyces have been was of limited value for generating strong
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NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2010
conclusions because it did not include a placebo Use of Saccharomyces species and
control group. Another double-blind, placebo- strains as a probiotic for the prevention of C.
controlled clinical trial using an additional difficile infection has also been explored. In a
bacterial strain from the genus Steptococcus randomized clinical trial, patients with an active
showed that patients receiving the probiotic C. difficile infection who were treated with
combination were less likely to develop diarrhea Saccharomyces were less likely to experience a
in a hospital setting and were less likely to recurrence of the infection by nearly half relative
express C. difficile toxins (10). This study to placebo (13). Further examination of the data
provided further support for the idea that the showed that this difference was especially
administration of bacterial probiotics could play significant for those patients who had at least one
a role in the prevention of C. difficile infections prior C. difficile infection. In a separate double-
in hospitals or, by extension, long term care blind, placebo-controlled study, Saccharomyces
facilities. However, not all clinical trials using was shown to prevent recurrence of C. difficile
bacterial based probiotics have been unequivocal infections in patients on low dose antibiotic
(7, 11). Discrepancies in reports are probably treatment, but not patients on high does
due to the fact that different studies are antibiotic treatment (14). The medical literature
performed under different conditions with does not appear to contain any controlled clinical
different patient populations, different probiotics, trials using Saccharomyces for primary
and different end points (12). The results of prevention of C. difficile infections.
these clinical trials should allow for the planning
These results are very promising.
and development of well defined studies that
Providing functional foods to patients in either a
could lead to well defined treatment protocols.
hospital or long term care facility may be a very
easy and inexpensive method of preventing C.
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NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2010
difficile infections. Treatment with probiotics with less dependence on antibiotics and
may also help to slow the rate of appearance of decreased risk of causing the evolution of
C. difficile strains that are resistant to antibiotics. additional antibiotic resistant forms of this
Additional clinical trials are needed to precisely pathogen.
define the type of patient that would most likely
References
benefit from the use of probiotics. Well
1) Aslam S, Hamill RJ, Musher DM. 2005. Treatment of
designed clinical trials will also allow Clostridium difficile-associated disease: old therapies and
determination of the best species and strains of new strategies. Lancet Infect Dis. 5:549-557.
probiotics to use along with the best dose regime 2) Owens RC. 2007 Clostridium difficile-associated
disease: changing epidemiology and implications for
and will also identify any side effects or adverse
management. Drugs.67:487-502
reactions (6, 11, 15, 16).
3) Surowiec D, Kuyumjian AG, Wynd MA, Cicogna CE.
2006. Past, present, and future therapies for Clostridium
Probiotics may offer a way to prevent difficile-associated disease. Ann Pharmacother. 40:2155-
infections by C. difficile in hospitals, nursing 2163.
homes, or long-term care facilities. The working 4) Pepin J, Saheb N, Coulombe MA, Alary ME, Corriveau
MP, Authier S, Leblanc M, Rivard G, Bettez M, Primeau
hypothesis used to explain this benefit of V, Nguyen M, Jacob CE, Lanthier L. 2005. Emergence of
probiotics is based on the idea that microbes fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a cohort study
comprising the probiotic preparation are able to during an epidemic in Quebec. Clin Infect Dis. 41:1254-
repopulate the lost flora and fauna of the 1260.
digestive tract and prevent opportunistic species 5) Pepin J, Alary ME, Valiquette L, Raiche E, Ruel J,
Fulop K, Godin D, Bourassa C. 2005. Increasing risk of
like C. difficile from establishing a colony. If relapse after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis in
future clinical trials show that the promise of Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis. 40:1591-1597
preliminary studies is real, then probiotics could 6) Boyle RJ, Robins-Browne RM, Tang ML. 2006.
Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks? Am J
provide a method to control C. difficile infection Clin Nutr. 83:1256-1264.
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6. Advancing Your Products with Proven Science
NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2010
7) Katz JA. 2006. Probiotics for the prevention of 14) Surawicz CM, McFarland LV, Greenberg RN, Rubin
antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile M, Fekety R, Mulligan ME, Garcia RJ, Brandmarker S,
diarrhea. J Clin Gastroenterol. 40:249-255. Bowen K, Borjal D, Elmer GW. 2000. The search for a
better treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile disease:
8) Plummer S, Weaver MA, Harris JC, Dee P, Hunter J. use of high-dose vancomycin combined with
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supplementation on the incidence of C. difficile diarrhoea.
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Schrezenmeir J, Vaara M, Valtonen V. 2003. Safety of
9) Graul T, Cain AM, Karpa KD. 2009. Lactobacillus and probiotics that contain lactobacilli or bifidobacteria. Clin
bifidobacteria combinations: a strategy to reduce hospital- Infect Dis. 36:775-780.
acquired Clostridium difficile diarrhea incidence and
mortality. Med Hypotheses. 73:194-198. 16) Munoz P, Bouza E, Cuenca-Estrella M, Eiros JM,
Perez MJ, Sanchez-Somolinos M, Rincon C, Hortal J,
10) Hickson M, D'Souza AL, Muthu N, Rogers TR, Want Pelaez T. 2005. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an
S, Rajkumar C, Bulpitt CJ. 2007. Use of probiotic emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis. 40:1625-
Lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhoea associated 1634.
with antibiotics: randomised double blind placebo
controlled trial. BMJ. 335:80-85.
11) Segarra-Newnham M. 2007. Probiotics for Clostridium
difficile-associated diarrhea: focus on Lactobacillus
rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. Ann
Pharmacother. 41:1212-1221.
12) Lawrence SJ, Korzenik JR, Mundy LM. 2005.
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13) McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN, Fekety
R, Elmer GW, Moyer KA, Melcher SA, Bowen KE, Cox
JL, Noorani Z, Harrington G, Rubin M, Greenwald D.
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