During this webinar Dr Bailey reviews the latest evidence for the clinical application of omega-3 fats found in fish oil with a focus on choosing the best source, form, bioavailability and strength for your client’s condition management.
Poster shared with audience at AHS 2016 Denver, Colorado. By Dr. Jeff Gerber, Dr. Amy H. Savagian and Ivor Cummins BE(Chem) CEng MIEI - forget 'cholesterol' - it's Insulin that pertains to heart disease risk !
Inadequate long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status has a substantial impact on our health. Human RCT, observational, in vitro and in vivo animal studies all demonstrate that omega-3 fats from fish improve inflammatory regulation and its associated conditions. Yet, due to inconsistency in findings, the validity of omega-3 fatty acids as ‘treatments’ has been brought into question in the reporting of studies. To date, few studies have monitored the correlation between omega-3 dose, subsequent cellular enrichment of these fatty acids and clinical outcomes.
In this webinar, Dr Bailey presents the latest evidence for the importance of a biomarker-based, personalised approach to omega-3 treatment – one that significantly improves consistency in clinical outcomes and offers an antidote to the ‘one-size fits all’ approach that is responsible for significant individual variations in response in many published studies.
Hypertrophic obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired adipogen...My Healthy Waist
By Ulf Smith, MD, PhD, Professor of Internal Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...IOSR Journals
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents the most common form of chronic inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction, It affects approximately 1-2 % of world’s population. The inflammatory process causes diffuse thickening and hyperplasia of the joint Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced from Th17 cells. IL-17A is the prototypic member belonging to a family of 6 ranging from IL-17A to IL-17F. IL-17A mediates its biological effects through binding to a receptor complex consisting of IL-17RCA and IL-17RCC subunits.
Objective. To assess the role of IL-17 on the disease process of Rheumatoid arthritis and the effects on the trace elements such as Zinc, copper , Magnesium.
Subjects and method: A total of 60 patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-52 years with a mean age of ( 39.3 ± 9.01)years. , while the range was between (20-51) years and the mean was (37.5 ± 8.6) years for healthy control non significant difference P > 0.4 with no complaint of other chronic or systemic diseases were considered as control. the samples were collected during period from ( December 2012 – july 2013 ). the mean disease duration of RA was (3.27±1.2) month. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assess Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and serum levels of White blood cells ( WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Interleukin-17A and were estimated by agglutination test, and IL-17A was estimated by (ELIZA).
During this webinar Dr Bailey reviews the latest evidence for the clinical application of omega-3 fats found in fish oil with a focus on choosing the best source, form, bioavailability and strength for your client’s condition management.
Poster shared with audience at AHS 2016 Denver, Colorado. By Dr. Jeff Gerber, Dr. Amy H. Savagian and Ivor Cummins BE(Chem) CEng MIEI - forget 'cholesterol' - it's Insulin that pertains to heart disease risk !
Inadequate long-chain omega-3 fatty acid status has a substantial impact on our health. Human RCT, observational, in vitro and in vivo animal studies all demonstrate that omega-3 fats from fish improve inflammatory regulation and its associated conditions. Yet, due to inconsistency in findings, the validity of omega-3 fatty acids as ‘treatments’ has been brought into question in the reporting of studies. To date, few studies have monitored the correlation between omega-3 dose, subsequent cellular enrichment of these fatty acids and clinical outcomes.
In this webinar, Dr Bailey presents the latest evidence for the importance of a biomarker-based, personalised approach to omega-3 treatment – one that significantly improves consistency in clinical outcomes and offers an antidote to the ‘one-size fits all’ approach that is responsible for significant individual variations in response in many published studies.
Hypertrophic obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired adipogen...My Healthy Waist
By Ulf Smith, MD, PhD, Professor of Internal Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...IOSR Journals
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents the most common form of chronic inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction, It affects approximately 1-2 % of world’s population. The inflammatory process causes diffuse thickening and hyperplasia of the joint Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced from Th17 cells. IL-17A is the prototypic member belonging to a family of 6 ranging from IL-17A to IL-17F. IL-17A mediates its biological effects through binding to a receptor complex consisting of IL-17RCA and IL-17RCC subunits.
Objective. To assess the role of IL-17 on the disease process of Rheumatoid arthritis and the effects on the trace elements such as Zinc, copper , Magnesium.
Subjects and method: A total of 60 patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-52 years with a mean age of ( 39.3 ± 9.01)years. , while the range was between (20-51) years and the mean was (37.5 ± 8.6) years for healthy control non significant difference P > 0.4 with no complaint of other chronic or systemic diseases were considered as control. the samples were collected during period from ( December 2012 – july 2013 ). the mean disease duration of RA was (3.27±1.2) month. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assess Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and serum levels of White blood cells ( WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Interleukin-17A and were estimated by agglutination test, and IL-17A was estimated by (ELIZA).
A draft of another seminar I've prepared on a key topic - the video will follow, like/follow this and I'll make sure you get to have a look! (note: the slides without the narrative are in fairness limited in value, but might pique the interest)
MLB players have lower mortality rates than the general populationΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
As researchers try to understand the long-term impact of playing professional sports, a new study finds that major league baseball players tended to fare better than the general population. Other studies have found, for instance, that MLB players also tend to have better health outcomes than professional football players, possibly because NFL players also tend to weigh more. Looking at data from nearly 10,500 players from 1906 through 2006, scientists found that compared to the general U.S. male population, MLB players had significantly lower rates of death. A longer career meant lower rates of death from overall causes, but was associated with higher rates of cancer deaths. Playing baseball professionally requires athletes to be in good physical health, but more research is needed to better understand the study's findings.
Omega-3 fatty acids are considered as essential fatty acids: They are necessary for human health but the body can’t make them. Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and may help lower risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, arthritis etc Omega-3 fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to be important for cognitive (brain memory and performance) and behavioral function. In fact, infants who do not get enough omega-3 fatty acids from their mothers during pregnancy are at risk for developing vision and nerve problems. Symptoms of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency include fatigue, poor memory, dry skin, heart problems, mood swings or depression, and poor circulation. This present paper emphasizes the role of Lactomega soft gels for overall human health.
Lead, mercury, and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals lead to chronic fatigue by affecting thyroid function, although routine thyroid tests may not always help diagnose this condition. So it's no wonder that chronic fatigue is at the forefront of health problems in the world today. Endocrine disorders also lead to memory loss, Parkinson's disease and autoimmune diseases.
Fortify your body
See the Seminar at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrsHqIKtXNw
A comprehensive analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Obesity Epidemic, exploring causal factors of appetite control derangement and descent into obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease.
Learn how buy fish oil concentrate that is pure and pristine source. Onlypharmaceutical grade fish oil providing an ideal dose and ratio of highly concentrated EPA and DHA omega-3 supports overall vibrant health and well being - for your vibrant health and energy.
CardioTabs nutritional supplements are developed by leaders in the field of preventive cardiology to provide you with the right nutritional support for a healthy heart.
Coconut oil was taken off the shelves for much of the 20th century due to concerns over its fat content. But by the turn of the century, coconut oil has exploded into one of the trendiest foods over the last 10-15 years. Learn the science behind the myths that coconut oil is bad for you.
A draft of another seminar I've prepared on a key topic - the video will follow, like/follow this and I'll make sure you get to have a look! (note: the slides without the narrative are in fairness limited in value, but might pique the interest)
MLB players have lower mortality rates than the general populationΔρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
As researchers try to understand the long-term impact of playing professional sports, a new study finds that major league baseball players tended to fare better than the general population. Other studies have found, for instance, that MLB players also tend to have better health outcomes than professional football players, possibly because NFL players also tend to weigh more. Looking at data from nearly 10,500 players from 1906 through 2006, scientists found that compared to the general U.S. male population, MLB players had significantly lower rates of death. A longer career meant lower rates of death from overall causes, but was associated with higher rates of cancer deaths. Playing baseball professionally requires athletes to be in good physical health, but more research is needed to better understand the study's findings.
Omega-3 fatty acids are considered as essential fatty acids: They are necessary for human health but the body can’t make them. Research shows that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and may help lower risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, arthritis etc Omega-3 fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to be important for cognitive (brain memory and performance) and behavioral function. In fact, infants who do not get enough omega-3 fatty acids from their mothers during pregnancy are at risk for developing vision and nerve problems. Symptoms of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency include fatigue, poor memory, dry skin, heart problems, mood swings or depression, and poor circulation. This present paper emphasizes the role of Lactomega soft gels for overall human health.
Lead, mercury, and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals lead to chronic fatigue by affecting thyroid function, although routine thyroid tests may not always help diagnose this condition. So it's no wonder that chronic fatigue is at the forefront of health problems in the world today. Endocrine disorders also lead to memory loss, Parkinson's disease and autoimmune diseases.
Fortify your body
See the Seminar at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrsHqIKtXNw
A comprehensive analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Obesity Epidemic, exploring causal factors of appetite control derangement and descent into obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease.
Learn how buy fish oil concentrate that is pure and pristine source. Onlypharmaceutical grade fish oil providing an ideal dose and ratio of highly concentrated EPA and DHA omega-3 supports overall vibrant health and well being - for your vibrant health and energy.
CardioTabs nutritional supplements are developed by leaders in the field of preventive cardiology to provide you with the right nutritional support for a healthy heart.
Coconut oil was taken off the shelves for much of the 20th century due to concerns over its fat content. But by the turn of the century, coconut oil has exploded into one of the trendiest foods over the last 10-15 years. Learn the science behind the myths that coconut oil is bad for you.
Fatty acids carry out many functions that are necessary for maintaining optimal health, and the fatty acid status of a client provides valuable information that relates to both risk and progression of a range of diseases. Determining fatty acid status assists the practitioner in identifying those individuals who would benefit from omega-3 supplementation. The Igennus Opti-O-3 biomarker test is a safe, cost effective and minimally invasive dried blood spot (DBS) method that can be carried out by the client at home. In addition, the Opti-O-3 offers a personalised approach to condition management by focusing on optimising validated biomarkers of disease risk through identification of the client’s unique fatty acid requirements.
In this refresher webinar, Dr Bailey will discuss:
- Fatty acid testing: who, why and when?
- Why choose the Igennus Opti-O-3: a comparison of laboratories
- How to interpret results, including:
- New fatty acid reference ranges
- Overview of fatty acid functions
- Intervention considerations
- Personalised intervention
Omega−3 fatty acids, also called Omega-3
oils, ω−3 fatty acids or n−3 fatty acids,
are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
characterized by the presence of a double
bond three atoms away from the terminal
methyl group in their chemical structure.
They are widely distributed in nature, being
important constituents of animal lipid
metabolism, and they play an important
role in the human diet and in human
physiology.
https://www.slideshare.net/DauRamChandravanshi1
Liquimega Liquicaps; an effective supplementation for everybody, for everyday...SriramNagarajan16
Omega-3,6,9 fatty acids are considered as essential fatty acids. They are necessary for human health but the body
can't make them. Research shows that omega-3,6,9 fatty acids reduce inflammation and may help lower risk of
chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, arthritis etc. Omega-3,6,9 fatty acids are highly concentrated in
the brain and appear to be important for cognitive (brain memory and performance) and behavioral function. In
fact, infants who do not get enough omega-3, 6, 9 fatty acids from their mothers during pregnancy are at risk for
developing vision and nerve problems. Symptoms of omega-3, 6, 9 fatty acid deficiency include fatigue, poor
memory, dry skin, heart problems, mood swings or depression, and poor circulation. This Article emphasizes the
role of Liquimega liquicaps for overall human health.
Learn about the Mediterranean diet, including its role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Find out how the Mediterranean diet can help protect and improve your health and increase your odds for a long life.
In recognition of foot health month, the status of tea tree oil as an antimicrobial agent is reviewed. Tea tree oil shows great promise as an antifungal and antibacterial product. This includes topical infections of foot and toe nails.
The Value of Conducting Post-Marketing Clinical Research On Marketing Strategy Development
Nutraceutical Medical Research, LLC
By: Latesha Richards, Marketing Coordinator
Post Marketing Clinical Research & Marketing Strategy
Omega3 And Heart Health Article Feb 2010
1. NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2010
The Cardiovascular Benefits of Omega-
3 Fatty Acids
By: Charles Spielholz, Ph.D.
Abstract: Evidence in the biomedical literature supports a role for omega-3 fatty acids in
cardiovascular health. Based on the strength of this evidence, the American Heart Association
recommends that healthy people eat two servings of fatty fish per week in order to help maintain a
healthy cardiovascular system.
T
he omega-3 fatty acids appear to have docosahexaenoic acid. In this mini-review, the
positive effects on human health. Evidence role played by omega-3 fatty acids in
in the primary literature suggests roles for cardiovascular health will be examined.
these fatty acids in heart health, inflammation,
the central nervous system, and in mental health. There is much evidence in the biomedical
It is clearly known that omega-3 fatty acids are literature to show that the omega-3 fatty acids
components of cell membranes and are also play a role in cardiovascular health (1), and that
involved in some cellular signal transduction supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids have
processes. Some of the omega-3 fatty acids can beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. These
be synthesized by humans from other molecules. include lowering triglyceride levels (2,3),
Those omega-3 fatty acids that cannot be preventing arrhythmias (4,5) decreasing
synthesized but are required by humans for inflammation (4), decreasing platelet
normal physiological and biochemical function aggregation (clotting) (6), and stabilizing plaques
are termed essential and must be obtained in the (7). There is also a report that omega-3 fatty acids
diet. Essential omega-3 fatty acids include alpha- may lower blood pressure (8), although that
linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and observation has not been clearly replicated. The
1
2. NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2010
effect of omega-3 fatty acids on lowering indicated that alpha-linolenic acid decreases level
triglyceride levels appears to be most of C-reactive protein, but not total cholesterol,
pronounced in people with the highest levels of LDL cholesterol or triglycerol levels (21,22).
triglycerides, that is those people with the
greatest risk (2). Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
are long chain omega-3 fatty acids. Although not
Omega-3 fatty acids supplements also appear to quite as well studied as alpha-linolenic acid,
be helpful in people undergoing treatment for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
cardiovascular disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to decrease the risk of
appear to enhance the effect of statin drugs, arrhythmia and thrombosis, decrease the
which are used to lower cholesterol (2,9,10). development of plaque along blood vessel walls,
Published evidence also indicates that omega-3s decrease serum triglycerides, decrease
may be helpful in people with implanted inflammation, and to cause a small decrease in
defibrillators, although the results of this work blood pressure (23,24).
are not yet definitive (11,12,13). At least one study
indicated that omega-3s improve results for The observations and studies listed above all
patients who have undergone bypass surgery require further investigation in order to
(14). understand the exact mechanism by which these
omega-3 fatty acids function. However, it is clear
Several studies assessing the effect of specific that omega-3 fatty acids promote heart health
omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular health and do not appear to have any serious side
have been performed. The fatty acids studied effects. In fact the benefits of omega-3 fatty
were alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, acids for cardiovascular health are so convincing
and docosahexaenoic acid. Alpha-linolenic acid that the American Heart Association
cannot be synthesized by humans and is required recommends that healthy people obtain omega-3
in the diet. In two large studies, one with 45,000 fatty acids in their diets by eating fatty fish, such
men over a 14 year period and one with 76,000 as salmon, twice a week (25). It has been shown
women over a 10 year period, increases in alpha- that the cardiovascular benefit of eating fatty fish
linolenic acid intake were associated with outweighs any risks that may arise from eating
significant decreases in cardiovascular disease fish that may be contaminated with pollutants,
and fatal cardiovascular disease, respectively such as mercury (26).
(15,16). Two additional large scale studies
confirmed these results (17,18) although two
studies did not (19,20). Additional research has
2
3. NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2010
Figure Legend: Structures of omega-3 fatty acids that are considered to be heart healthy.
(1) Eicosapentaenoic acid
(2) Docosahexaenoic acid
(3) Alpha-linolenic acid
3
4. NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2010
References atorvastatin and fish oil on dyslipidaemia in visceral
obesity. Eur J Clin Invest. 32:429-436.
1) Lee JH, O'Keefe JH, Lavie CJ, Marchioli R, Harris WS.
(2008) Omega-3 fatty acids for cardioprotection. Mayo 10) Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, Matsuzawa
Clin Proc. 83:324-332. Y, Saito Y, Ishikawa Y, Oikawa S, Sasaki J, Hishida H,
Itakura H, Kita T, Kitabatake A, Nakaya N, Sakata T,
2) Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH, Chung M, Kupelnick B, Shimada K, Shirato K. (2007) Effects of
Chew P, Lau J. (2006) Effects of omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in
on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised
systematic review. Atherosclerosis. 189:19-30. open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet.
369:1090-1098. Minor Erratum in: Lancet. 370:220.
3) Pownall HJ, Brauchi D, Kilinc C, Osmundsen K, Pao
Q, Payton-Ross C, Gotto AM Jr, Ballantyne CM. (1999) 11) Brouwer IA, Zock PL, Wever EF, Hauer RN, Camm
Correlation of serum triglyceride and its reduction by AJ, Bocker D, Otto-Terlouw P, Katan MB, Schouten EG.
omega-3 fatty acids with lipid transfer activity and the (2003) Rationale and design of a randomised
neutral lipid compositions of high-density and low- controlled clinical trial on supplemental intake of n-3
density lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis. 143:285-297. fatty acids and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia: SOFA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 57:1323-1330.
4) Getz GS, Reardon CA. (2007) Nutrition and
cardiovascular disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 12) Leaf A, Albert CM, Josephson M, Steinhaus D,
27:2499-2506. Kluger J, Kang JX, Cox B, Zhang H, Schoenfeld D.
(2005) Prevention of fatal arrhythmias in high-risk
5) Reiffel JA, McDonald A. (2006) Antiarrhythmic subjects by fish oil n-3 fatty acid intake. Circulation.
effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Am J Cardiol. 98:50i- 112:2762-2768.
60i.
13) Raitt MH, Connor WE, Morris C, Kron J, Halperin B,
6) Harris WS, Assaad B, Poston WC. (2006) Tissue Chugh SS, McClelland J, Cook J, MacMurdy K,
omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and risk for coronary Swenson R, Connor SL, Gerhard G, Kraemer DF,
artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 98:19i-26i. Oseran D, Marchant C, Calhoun D, Shnider R, McAnulty
J. (2005) Fish oil supplementation and risk of
7) Thies F, Garry JM, Yaqoob P, Rerkasem K, Williams J, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in
Shearman CP, Gallagher PJ, Calder PC, Grimble RF. patients with implantable defibrillators: a randomized
(2003) Association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids controlled trial. JAMA. 293:2884-2891.
with stability of atherosclerotic plaques: a randomised
controlled trial. Lancet. 361:477-485. 14) Calo L, Bianconi L, Colivicchi F, Lamberti F,
Loricchio ML, de Ruvo E, Meo A, Pandozi C, Staibano
8) Johansen O, Brekke M, Seljeflot I, Abdelnoor M, M, Santini M. (2005) N-3 Fatty acids for the prevention
Arnesen H. (1999) N-3 fatty acids do not prevent of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass
restenosis after coronary angioplasty: results from the surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Coll
CART study. Coronary Angioplasty Restenosis Trial. J Cardiol. 45:1723-1728.
Am Coll Cardiol.33:1619-1626.
15) Mozaffarian D, Ascherio A, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ,
9) Chan DC, Watts GF, Mori TA, Barrett PH, Beilin LJ, Willett WC, Siscovick DS, Rimm EB. (2005) Interplay
Redgrave TG. (2002)Factorial study of the effects of between different polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk
4
5. NMR News: Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2010
of coronary heart disease in men. Circulation. 111:157- 23) Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ (2003)
164 Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: new
recommendations from the American Heart
16) Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Wolk A, Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 23:151-152.
Colditz GA, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. (1999) Dietary
intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic 24) Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, Lichtenstein AH, Balk
heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr. 69:890- EM, Kupelnick B, Jordan HS, Lau J. (2006) n-3 Fatty
897. acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not alpha-
linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes
17) Dolecek TA. (1992) Epidemiological evidence of in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a
relationships between dietary polyunsaturated fatty systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 84:5-17.
acids and mortality in the multiple risk factor
intervention trial. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 200:177-182. 25) American Heart Association Website (February
2010)
18) Albert CM, Oh K, Whang W, Manson JE, Chae CU, http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identif
Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB. (2005) Dietary alpha- ier=4632
linolenic acid intake and risk of sudden cardiac death
and coronary heart disease. Circulation. 112:3232-3238. 26) Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. (2006) Fish intake,
contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks
19) Pietinen P, Ascherio A, Korhonen P, Hartman AM, and the benefits. JAMA. 296:1885-1899
Willett WC, Albanes D, Virtamo J. (1997) Intake of fatty
acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of
Finnish men. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene
Cancer Prevention Study. Am J Epidemiol. 145:876-
887.
20) Oomen CM, Ocke MC, Feskens EJ, Kok FJ,
Kromhout D. (2001)
alpha-Linolenic acid intake is not beneficially
associated with 10-y risk of coronary artery disease
incidence: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr.
74:457-463.
21) Wendland E, Farmer A, Glasziou P, Neil A. (2006)
Effect of alpha linolenic acid on cardiovascular risk
markers: a systematic review. Heart. 92:166-169.
22) Bemelmans WJ, Lefrandt JD, Feskens EJ, van
Haelst PL, Broer J, Meyboom-de Jong B, May JF,
Tervaert JW, Smit AJ. (2004) Increased alpha-linolenic
acid intake lowers C-reactive protein, but has no effect
on markers of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 58:1083-
1089.
5