A business model is a company's plan for making a profit. It identifies the products or services the business will sell, the target market it has identified, and the expenses it anticipates
This document summarizes information about rootstocks and their effects in different fruit crops. It discusses that a rootstock is the lower portion of a grafted plant that develops the root system. There are two main types of rootstocks - seedling and clonal. An ideal rootstock confers compatibility, disease/pest resistance, and positive effects on scion growth and quality. The document then examines specific rootstocks used in mango, citrus, and apple crops and their effects on traits like tree size, yield, quality, and stress tolerance of the scion cultivars. Different rootstocks can impart dwarfing, alter nutrient uptake, provide salt tolerance, and influence fruit characteristics and production in the grafted plants.
This document summarizes the floral biology of several important cucurbit crops. It describes features such as the type of inflorescence, timing of anthesis and anther dehiscence, pollen fertility periods, and stigma receptivity windows. Key points covered include cucumber flowers being bracteate and unisexual, bitter gourd stigmas being most receptive at anthesis, and watermelon pollen losing viability after 30 hours at room temperature. The document provides useful information on the reproductive characteristics and pollination requirements of various cucurbit species.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the production technique of true potato seed. It discusses how potato originated in South America and was introduced to India in the 16th-17th century. True potato seed is produced through sexual reproduction of potato plants and has advantages over conventional tuber planting, including being pathogen free and easier to transport. The document outlines the taxonomy of potato, major producing countries and states, and production of true potato seed through selection of parents, pollination, harvesting, processing, and storage of the seed.
This document provides details of a seminar on canopy management in fruit crops. It includes an introduction to canopy management, objectives, techniques like pruning and training, and examples of canopy management for grapes, guava, and mango. Proper canopy management provides advantages like increased productivity, improved fruit quality, regular yields, and easier maintenance.
Integrated Pest Management on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)RAKESH KUMAR MEENA
This document provides information on major insect pests that affect okra and their management through integrated pest management. It discusses 6 major insect pests that damage okra - okra shoot and fruit borer, jassid, whitefly, aphid, red cotton bug. For each pest, it provides details on identification, nature of damage, and life cycle. It then outlines various integrated pest management strategies for okra like cultural practices, mechanical controls, biological controls and chemical controls. Finally, it lists some references for further reading on management of insect pests on okra.
The document discusses plant selection and care for peace lilies as permanent houseplants. Peace lilies have low light requirements and produce white blooms for 3 weeks to 1 month. They should be lightly fertilized in spring and fall and kept from drying out with medium watering. Peace lilies come in dwarf and standard varieties from desk-top size up to 4 feet tall. The document also contrasts permanent plants that will re-bloom over many years, such as peace lilies, with temporary gift plants that usually bloom only once.
Plant growth regulators can be natural or synthetic compounds that modify physiological processes in plants. The main classes of plant growth promoters discussed are auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. Auxins promote cell elongation, root formation, and fruit development. Gibberellins promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins promote cell division. Ethylene and abscisic acid are major growth inhibitors and promote processes like fruit ripening and senescence. The document provides examples of how these growth regulators are used commercially in vegetable crops to stimulate seed germination, break dormancy, induce flowering and parthenocarpy, control sex expression, improve fruit set and yield, and enhance quality.
Computer aided design for landscape gardening MahaveerNagar17
This document presents information on a seminar about applying computer-aided design (CAD) systems for landscape gardening. It discusses the history and components of CAD systems, as well as the major steps and functions/limitations of CAD software for landscape design. The advantages of CAD systems include reducing errors, reusing designs, and viewing 3D sketches before implementation. Disadvantages include expense and needing training. CAD tools make designing more efficient and accurate.
This document summarizes information about rootstocks and their effects in different fruit crops. It discusses that a rootstock is the lower portion of a grafted plant that develops the root system. There are two main types of rootstocks - seedling and clonal. An ideal rootstock confers compatibility, disease/pest resistance, and positive effects on scion growth and quality. The document then examines specific rootstocks used in mango, citrus, and apple crops and their effects on traits like tree size, yield, quality, and stress tolerance of the scion cultivars. Different rootstocks can impart dwarfing, alter nutrient uptake, provide salt tolerance, and influence fruit characteristics and production in the grafted plants.
This document summarizes the floral biology of several important cucurbit crops. It describes features such as the type of inflorescence, timing of anthesis and anther dehiscence, pollen fertility periods, and stigma receptivity windows. Key points covered include cucumber flowers being bracteate and unisexual, bitter gourd stigmas being most receptive at anthesis, and watermelon pollen losing viability after 30 hours at room temperature. The document provides useful information on the reproductive characteristics and pollination requirements of various cucurbit species.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on the production technique of true potato seed. It discusses how potato originated in South America and was introduced to India in the 16th-17th century. True potato seed is produced through sexual reproduction of potato plants and has advantages over conventional tuber planting, including being pathogen free and easier to transport. The document outlines the taxonomy of potato, major producing countries and states, and production of true potato seed through selection of parents, pollination, harvesting, processing, and storage of the seed.
This document provides details of a seminar on canopy management in fruit crops. It includes an introduction to canopy management, objectives, techniques like pruning and training, and examples of canopy management for grapes, guava, and mango. Proper canopy management provides advantages like increased productivity, improved fruit quality, regular yields, and easier maintenance.
Integrated Pest Management on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)RAKESH KUMAR MEENA
This document provides information on major insect pests that affect okra and their management through integrated pest management. It discusses 6 major insect pests that damage okra - okra shoot and fruit borer, jassid, whitefly, aphid, red cotton bug. For each pest, it provides details on identification, nature of damage, and life cycle. It then outlines various integrated pest management strategies for okra like cultural practices, mechanical controls, biological controls and chemical controls. Finally, it lists some references for further reading on management of insect pests on okra.
The document discusses plant selection and care for peace lilies as permanent houseplants. Peace lilies have low light requirements and produce white blooms for 3 weeks to 1 month. They should be lightly fertilized in spring and fall and kept from drying out with medium watering. Peace lilies come in dwarf and standard varieties from desk-top size up to 4 feet tall. The document also contrasts permanent plants that will re-bloom over many years, such as peace lilies, with temporary gift plants that usually bloom only once.
Plant growth regulators can be natural or synthetic compounds that modify physiological processes in plants. The main classes of plant growth promoters discussed are auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. Auxins promote cell elongation, root formation, and fruit development. Gibberellins promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins promote cell division. Ethylene and abscisic acid are major growth inhibitors and promote processes like fruit ripening and senescence. The document provides examples of how these growth regulators are used commercially in vegetable crops to stimulate seed germination, break dormancy, induce flowering and parthenocarpy, control sex expression, improve fruit set and yield, and enhance quality.
Computer aided design for landscape gardening MahaveerNagar17
This document presents information on a seminar about applying computer-aided design (CAD) systems for landscape gardening. It discusses the history and components of CAD systems, as well as the major steps and functions/limitations of CAD software for landscape design. The advantages of CAD systems include reducing errors, reusing designs, and viewing 3D sketches before implementation. Disadvantages include expense and needing training. CAD tools make designing more efficient and accurate.
HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AND LEGAL METHODS OF PEST CONTROLNavneet Mahant
This document discusses host plant resistance as a component of integrated pest management. It defines host plant resistance as heritable plant characteristics that reduce pest damage. There are two main types of resistance - ecological/pseudo resistance which is environmentally influenced, and genetic resistance which has a hereditary basis. The document outlines different categories of genetic resistance such as monogenic vs polygenic and various mechanisms of resistance including antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance. It describes advantages of incorporating host plant resistance into IPM programs and discusses legal control methods like quarantine used to prevent the introduction and spread of agricultural pests.
For over coming the problem of unproductive and uneconomic orchards existing in abundance, large scale uprooting and replacement with new plantations (rehabilitation) will be a long term and expensive strategy. Therefore research efforts were initiated to standardise a technology for restoring the production potential of existing plantations by a technique called Rejuvenation.
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
Rin Rose Antony and Dr. Allan Thomas
Kerala Agricultural University
Agriculture is undergoing a huge transformation. In the past, agriculture was seen as a subsistence activity of farmers involving crop and livestock production. Today, agriculture has transformed as technology and market-oriented industry which extends from agricultural production to sophisticated agri-science, and agribusiness.Agricultural transformation is defined as a process that leads to higher productivity farms that are commercially oriented, which strengthens the link between farming and other sectors of the economy. The experience of the evolution of the agricultural sector over centuries tells us that the sector has evolved from being a basic food-gathering activity to an intensive production system due to population growth, increase in income, urbanization, technological revolution, and liberalization of international trade.The agricultural sector has tremendous potential for expansion of employment opportunities and consequently mitigating the levels of rural poverty. Agricultural transformation coupled with forward and backward linkages with industry is an emerging phenomenon (Chengappa, 2004). Achieving high growth is important. But, growth without inclusiveness and sustainability will not be useful. Agriculture transformation has to be viewed more holistically in terms of rural transformation and urban linkages. Hence there is a need to give a big push for Indian agriculture for transformation that helps in realizing farmers’ welfare.
Credit Seminar Presentation of PG student Ms. Rin Rose Antony
Effect of organic farming in vegetable cropsRaju Daki
The document discusses organic farming of vegetable crops in India, including the principles and objectives of organic farming, common vegetable crops grown organically in India, and strategies for organic vegetable production such as using organic manures and biofertilizers. It also provides data on the area under organic certification in India and the effects of different organic treatments on brinjal yields.
Khaira disease of rice is caused by zinc deficiency in the soil. It occurs on calcareous soils that have low zinc availability. Symptoms include dusty brown spots on leaves, stunted growth, and reduced fertility. Yield losses can be up to 25%. Management strategies include using zinc-efficient varieties, applying organic matter and zinc sulfate fertilizer to increase soil zinc levels, and acidifying the soil to improve zinc availability.
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
Physiological disorders in plants can be caused by nutrient deficiencies or excesses, water issues, temperature fluctuations and other non-pathogenic stressors. They impact plant growth and development across all plant stages. Common physiological disorders include blossom end rot in tomatoes from calcium deficiency, hollow heart in potatoes from irregular watering, and bolting in lettuce from temperature changes. Managing disorders requires identifying their causes and implementing practices like balanced fertilization, irrigation, ventilation and growing resistant varieties. Physiological issues cannot be transmitted but can seriously impact crop yields if not properly addressed.
Protected cultivation, importance &; scope, status in indiaRakesh Pattnaik
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to optimize growth conditions. It has several benefits like conserving moisture, improving crop quality and yield, and allowing year-round production. In India, protected cultivation began in the late 1990s and has grown to around 30,000 hectares currently, focused on high-value crops. Major producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, and Northeast states. Globally, over 405,000 hectares use protected cultivation led by China, Japan, and European nations.
Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetable CropsNeha Verma
The document discusses the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in vegetable crops. It defines PGRs as organic compounds that can modify or control physiological processes in plants. The document covers the history and classification of PGRs such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. It describes their functions in promoting or inhibiting growth. The document also discusses commercial uses of PGRs like IAA, NAA, and GA3 to enhance seed germination, seedling growth, and tuberization in various vegetable crops such as tomato, muskmelon, and okra.
This document provides information about the production technology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical classification of tomatoes, describing their origin in Peru and Mexico. It then covers tomato cultivation methods such as variety selection, climate needs, seed treatment, nursery preparation, and seasonal planting times. The document also discusses the nutritional value of tomatoes and lists some popular varieties grown in India. In summary, the document outlines the botanical background and production practices for cultivating tomatoes as a vegetable crop.
Gladiolus is a popular flowering plant grown for its inflorescences and cutflowers. There are several types of gladiolus classified based on flower and plant characteristics. Grandiflorus types have large flowers arranged closely on long spikes, while primulinus types have smaller spaced flowers on shorter spikes. Gladiolus is propagated through corms and cormels and prefers well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a pH between 5.5-6.5. Planting is done in fall and corms are spaced 15-20cm apart. Pests like thrips and diseases like fusarium rot must be controlled. Flower spikes are harvested when lower florets open and
This document summarizes information about onion seed production in India. It discusses that India is the second largest producer of onions and it is an important crop. There are two main methods for onion seed production - the seed to seed method and the bulb to seed method. The bulb to seed method is more commonly used as it allows for selecting high quality bulbs and ensures greater genetic purity. The document also outlines the floral morphology of onions and pollination process. It describes using male sterile lines to produce F1 hybrid seeds, involving a male sterile line, its maintainer, and a pollen parent line. Daily rogueing is important for high quality hybrid seed production.
RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience) is a program for imparting quality, practical & production oriented for Agriculture Graduates .
RAWE is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural productivity, sustainability and environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security and equity. In India RANDHWA Committee (1992) recommended the rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) program for imparting quality, practical
and production oriented education for agriculture degree program.
This document provides information on the advance production technology of walnuts. It discusses the botanical details, nutritional value, varieties, propagation, climate requirements, soil type, training, pruning, flowering, bearing, and pest and disease management of walnuts. The key points covered are that walnuts are best propagated through grafting or budding, require well-drained soil and a moderate climate, and mature grafted plants will bear nuts within 4-5 years whereas seedlings take 10-15 years to fruit. Management practices such as irrigation, fertilization, pruning and pest control are important to maximize yield and quality of the walnut crop.
This document provides an overview of garlic, including its introduction, nutritional value, varieties, production, and plant protection. Some key points:
- Garlic is used as a spice and condiment throughout India and has antioxidant properties that promote heart and immune health.
- Major garlic producing countries include the USA, Egypt, China, Korea, and India. The state of Maharashtra is a major producer in India.
- Garlic has high nutritional value and is a source of carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, vitamins and minerals.
- Popular garlic varieties developed in India include Bhima Omkar, Bhima Purple, and Yamuna Safed-5.
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
This document provides information on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), including its scientific name, origin in Africa, common uses, production statistics in India, recommended growing conditions, cultivation practices from land preparation to harvesting, pests and diseases, and standards for seed production. Cowpea is grown widely in central and peninsular India, with a production of 4.8 lakh tonnes annually on 5800 hectares.
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to protect crops from adverse weather. It allows for higher yields, year-round cultivation, improved quality, and off-season production. Common crops suited for protected cultivation include tomatoes, capsicum, cucumbers, beans, and flowers. Proper site selection, orientation, structure type, production system, and climate control are important for successful protected cultivation. Potential issues include nutrient deficiencies or excesses, toxic gases, and pest and disease attacks.
This document provides information on the breeding of cucumber crops. It discusses the taxonomy and domestication of cucumber, describing its botanical classification and possible centers of origin. Methods of cucumber breeding that are described include mass selection, backcrossing, heterosis breeding using gynoecious lines, interspecific hybridization, and polyploidy breeding. The genetics of sex expression in cucumber are also summarized. Recommended resistant varieties and breeding objectives such as reduced plant height are mentioned.
1. The document describes a case study applying the Shortened Systematic Strategic Planning (SSP) methodology to develop a strategic plan for an entrepreneurial business called Visual Co.
2. The SSP methodology involves 6 steps: investigating the current status through internal and environmental analysis, identifying competitive advantages, understanding scenarios and opportunities, setting strategic objectives and goals, developing alternative strategies, and creating an implementation plan.
3. The case study walks through applying each step of the SSP methodology to Visual Co., including conducting an internal functional analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses, performing a macroeconomic analysis of external factors, and identifying Visual Co.'s competitive advantages.
Analysis of working capital management shriram piston financeanuragmaurya
The document is a summer training project report submitted by Mohd Ahmad Ansari for his MBA degree. The report analyzes the working capital management of Shriram Pistons & Rings Ltd. It includes an introduction to working capital concepts, the company profile, objectives of the study, and research methodology. The analysis will cover ratios, asset management, estimating working capital requirements, and providing findings and suggestions.
HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AND LEGAL METHODS OF PEST CONTROLNavneet Mahant
This document discusses host plant resistance as a component of integrated pest management. It defines host plant resistance as heritable plant characteristics that reduce pest damage. There are two main types of resistance - ecological/pseudo resistance which is environmentally influenced, and genetic resistance which has a hereditary basis. The document outlines different categories of genetic resistance such as monogenic vs polygenic and various mechanisms of resistance including antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance. It describes advantages of incorporating host plant resistance into IPM programs and discusses legal control methods like quarantine used to prevent the introduction and spread of agricultural pests.
For over coming the problem of unproductive and uneconomic orchards existing in abundance, large scale uprooting and replacement with new plantations (rehabilitation) will be a long term and expensive strategy. Therefore research efforts were initiated to standardise a technology for restoring the production potential of existing plantations by a technique called Rejuvenation.
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
Rin Rose Antony and Dr. Allan Thomas
Kerala Agricultural University
Agriculture is undergoing a huge transformation. In the past, agriculture was seen as a subsistence activity of farmers involving crop and livestock production. Today, agriculture has transformed as technology and market-oriented industry which extends from agricultural production to sophisticated agri-science, and agribusiness.Agricultural transformation is defined as a process that leads to higher productivity farms that are commercially oriented, which strengthens the link between farming and other sectors of the economy. The experience of the evolution of the agricultural sector over centuries tells us that the sector has evolved from being a basic food-gathering activity to an intensive production system due to population growth, increase in income, urbanization, technological revolution, and liberalization of international trade.The agricultural sector has tremendous potential for expansion of employment opportunities and consequently mitigating the levels of rural poverty. Agricultural transformation coupled with forward and backward linkages with industry is an emerging phenomenon (Chengappa, 2004). Achieving high growth is important. But, growth without inclusiveness and sustainability will not be useful. Agriculture transformation has to be viewed more holistically in terms of rural transformation and urban linkages. Hence there is a need to give a big push for Indian agriculture for transformation that helps in realizing farmers’ welfare.
Credit Seminar Presentation of PG student Ms. Rin Rose Antony
Effect of organic farming in vegetable cropsRaju Daki
The document discusses organic farming of vegetable crops in India, including the principles and objectives of organic farming, common vegetable crops grown organically in India, and strategies for organic vegetable production such as using organic manures and biofertilizers. It also provides data on the area under organic certification in India and the effects of different organic treatments on brinjal yields.
Khaira disease of rice is caused by zinc deficiency in the soil. It occurs on calcareous soils that have low zinc availability. Symptoms include dusty brown spots on leaves, stunted growth, and reduced fertility. Yield losses can be up to 25%. Management strategies include using zinc-efficient varieties, applying organic matter and zinc sulfate fertilizer to increase soil zinc levels, and acidifying the soil to improve zinc availability.
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
Physiological disorders in plants can be caused by nutrient deficiencies or excesses, water issues, temperature fluctuations and other non-pathogenic stressors. They impact plant growth and development across all plant stages. Common physiological disorders include blossom end rot in tomatoes from calcium deficiency, hollow heart in potatoes from irregular watering, and bolting in lettuce from temperature changes. Managing disorders requires identifying their causes and implementing practices like balanced fertilization, irrigation, ventilation and growing resistant varieties. Physiological issues cannot be transmitted but can seriously impact crop yields if not properly addressed.
Protected cultivation, importance &; scope, status in indiaRakesh Pattnaik
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to optimize growth conditions. It has several benefits like conserving moisture, improving crop quality and yield, and allowing year-round production. In India, protected cultivation began in the late 1990s and has grown to around 30,000 hectares currently, focused on high-value crops. Major producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, and Northeast states. Globally, over 405,000 hectares use protected cultivation led by China, Japan, and European nations.
Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetable CropsNeha Verma
The document discusses the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in vegetable crops. It defines PGRs as organic compounds that can modify or control physiological processes in plants. The document covers the history and classification of PGRs such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. It describes their functions in promoting or inhibiting growth. The document also discusses commercial uses of PGRs like IAA, NAA, and GA3 to enhance seed germination, seedling growth, and tuberization in various vegetable crops such as tomato, muskmelon, and okra.
This document provides information about the production technology of tomatoes. It begins with the botanical classification of tomatoes, describing their origin in Peru and Mexico. It then covers tomato cultivation methods such as variety selection, climate needs, seed treatment, nursery preparation, and seasonal planting times. The document also discusses the nutritional value of tomatoes and lists some popular varieties grown in India. In summary, the document outlines the botanical background and production practices for cultivating tomatoes as a vegetable crop.
Gladiolus is a popular flowering plant grown for its inflorescences and cutflowers. There are several types of gladiolus classified based on flower and plant characteristics. Grandiflorus types have large flowers arranged closely on long spikes, while primulinus types have smaller spaced flowers on shorter spikes. Gladiolus is propagated through corms and cormels and prefers well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a pH between 5.5-6.5. Planting is done in fall and corms are spaced 15-20cm apart. Pests like thrips and diseases like fusarium rot must be controlled. Flower spikes are harvested when lower florets open and
This document summarizes information about onion seed production in India. It discusses that India is the second largest producer of onions and it is an important crop. There are two main methods for onion seed production - the seed to seed method and the bulb to seed method. The bulb to seed method is more commonly used as it allows for selecting high quality bulbs and ensures greater genetic purity. The document also outlines the floral morphology of onions and pollination process. It describes using male sterile lines to produce F1 hybrid seeds, involving a male sterile line, its maintainer, and a pollen parent line. Daily rogueing is important for high quality hybrid seed production.
RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience) is a program for imparting quality, practical & production oriented for Agriculture Graduates .
RAWE is an important tool in ensuring increased agricultural productivity, sustainability and environmental and ecological security, profitability, job security and equity. In India RANDHWA Committee (1992) recommended the rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) program for imparting quality, practical
and production oriented education for agriculture degree program.
This document provides information on the advance production technology of walnuts. It discusses the botanical details, nutritional value, varieties, propagation, climate requirements, soil type, training, pruning, flowering, bearing, and pest and disease management of walnuts. The key points covered are that walnuts are best propagated through grafting or budding, require well-drained soil and a moderate climate, and mature grafted plants will bear nuts within 4-5 years whereas seedlings take 10-15 years to fruit. Management practices such as irrigation, fertilization, pruning and pest control are important to maximize yield and quality of the walnut crop.
This document provides an overview of garlic, including its introduction, nutritional value, varieties, production, and plant protection. Some key points:
- Garlic is used as a spice and condiment throughout India and has antioxidant properties that promote heart and immune health.
- Major garlic producing countries include the USA, Egypt, China, Korea, and India. The state of Maharashtra is a major producer in India.
- Garlic has high nutritional value and is a source of carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, vitamins and minerals.
- Popular garlic varieties developed in India include Bhima Omkar, Bhima Purple, and Yamuna Safed-5.
This document discusses sex expression in cucurbitaceous crops. It notes that cucurbits can have various sex forms ranging from hermaphroditic to monoecious to gynoecious. The major cucurbits like cucumber, bitter gourd, muskmelon, watermelon are typically monoecious. Gynoecious lines have been developed in some crops like cucumber and muskmelon through breeding. Sex determination is controlled by genes but can be modulated by environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod. Chemicals like silver nitrate and gibberellic acid can also induce staminate flowers.
This document provides information on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), including its scientific name, origin in Africa, common uses, production statistics in India, recommended growing conditions, cultivation practices from land preparation to harvesting, pests and diseases, and standards for seed production. Cowpea is grown widely in central and peninsular India, with a production of 4.8 lakh tonnes annually on 5800 hectares.
Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to protect crops from adverse weather. It allows for higher yields, year-round cultivation, improved quality, and off-season production. Common crops suited for protected cultivation include tomatoes, capsicum, cucumbers, beans, and flowers. Proper site selection, orientation, structure type, production system, and climate control are important for successful protected cultivation. Potential issues include nutrient deficiencies or excesses, toxic gases, and pest and disease attacks.
This document provides information on the breeding of cucumber crops. It discusses the taxonomy and domestication of cucumber, describing its botanical classification and possible centers of origin. Methods of cucumber breeding that are described include mass selection, backcrossing, heterosis breeding using gynoecious lines, interspecific hybridization, and polyploidy breeding. The genetics of sex expression in cucumber are also summarized. Recommended resistant varieties and breeding objectives such as reduced plant height are mentioned.
1. The document describes a case study applying the Shortened Systematic Strategic Planning (SSP) methodology to develop a strategic plan for an entrepreneurial business called Visual Co.
2. The SSP methodology involves 6 steps: investigating the current status through internal and environmental analysis, identifying competitive advantages, understanding scenarios and opportunities, setting strategic objectives and goals, developing alternative strategies, and creating an implementation plan.
3. The case study walks through applying each step of the SSP methodology to Visual Co., including conducting an internal functional analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses, performing a macroeconomic analysis of external factors, and identifying Visual Co.'s competitive advantages.
Analysis of working capital management shriram piston financeanuragmaurya
The document is a summer training project report submitted by Mohd Ahmad Ansari for his MBA degree. The report analyzes the working capital management of Shriram Pistons & Rings Ltd. It includes an introduction to working capital concepts, the company profile, objectives of the study, and research methodology. The analysis will cover ratios, asset management, estimating working capital requirements, and providing findings and suggestions.
Mba coursestructure and_syllabus uploaded by satheesh ponnamసతీష్ పొన్నం
This document outlines the course structure and syllabus for a Master of Business Administration (MBA) program at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. It provides details on the courses offered each semester, including course codes, titles, credits, and teaching approach. It also lists various electives that can be chosen in marketing, finance, human resources, and systems. Additionally, it recommends journals, databases, and a business management lab to enhance the students' learning experience. The goal of the MBA program is to prepare graduates for careers in management and develop their business skills and knowledge.
This document outlines the course structure and syllabus for a Master of Business Administration (MBA) program offered by Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. It includes details of the subjects offered each semester, course credits, teaching approach for each subject, and elective options in marketing, finance, human resources and systems. It also lists the objectives of the MBA program to develop managerial skills and strengthen knowledge in key business areas. Students will learn through case studies, group projects and other interactive activities to gain capabilities needed for business leadership.
This document provides an overview of Yamaha Motors Ltd., including its history, products, manufacturing process, and organizational structure. Some key points:
- Yamaha was founded in Japan in 1955 and initially produced motorcycles. It has since expanded into other vehicles and is now one of the largest motorcycle producers globally.
- In India, Yamaha entered the market in 1985 through a joint venture, which became a wholly owned subsidiary in 2001. It has manufacturing plants in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
- Yamaha's product portfolio in India includes motorcycles across segments from 113cc to 1679cc. Top models discussed include the VMax, R1, FZ1, R15, and
This document provides an introduction and research design for a project report on ratio analysis of Ghatge Patil Industries Ltd. The objectives are to study the company's financial statements over 5 years, compare ratios across time periods, and suggest policy measures. Data will be collected from primary sources like interviews and observation as well as secondary sources like annual reports, journals, and newspapers. The analysis will use liquidity, turnover, capital structure, and profitability ratios to evaluate the company's financial position, trends, and earning capacity. The report will have chapters on the company profile, conceptual background of ratio analysis, data analysis and interpretation, and findings and suggestions.
The document discusses the purpose and structure of a business case for new products. A business case is intended to convince decision makers to approve actions by demonstrating business needs, comparing costs and benefits of options, and assessing strategic fit. Key sections include an executive summary of the problem, assumptions, and financial indicators. The business case structure covers framing the challenge, market analysis, product description, project proposal, financial forecasts, implementation plans, risk analysis, and a recommendation. The goal is for the business case to be tailored, justifiable, trackable, and complete with relevant information.
This document provides an introduction to strategic management. It defines strategy and discusses the different types and levels of strategy. It also defines strategic management as the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of cross-functional decisions to achieve organizational objectives. The document outlines the process of strategic management and discusses the importance of strategic management in areas such as goal setting, developing strategy, and shaping the future of business. It also discusses the ten schools of thought in strategic management and the role and dimensions of strategic management.
This document is a project report on technical analysis of selected stocks at Finvision Capital Markets Pvt. Ltd. It analyzes the stocks of City Union Bank and DCB Bank using technical indicators in Metastock software. Section 1 introduces stock markets and technical analysis, explaining common tools. Section 2 and 3 provide profiles for City Union Bank and DCB Bank respectively, including financial details. Section 4 outlines the methodology, using weekly line charts over 1 year. Section 5 applies tools to analyze the two stocks. Section 6 concludes with key findings, recommendations to buy/sell/hold, and a bibliography. The report aims to identify patterns and trends to maximize gains from trading activities.
IRJET- A Study on Emerging Trends in Performance Appraisal IN 21st ERAIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on emerging trends in performance appraisal in the 21st century. It discusses how performance appraisal methods have evolved over time from more subjective rating scales to newer approaches like 360-degree feedback. The study analyzes trends seen in organizations like increased focus on employee development, use of team-based evaluations, and obtaining feedback from external stakeholders. It suggests performance reviews should emphasize skill development over regular assessments. The conclusion is that considering emerging effective appraisal systems can help link job performance to standards and dimensions to be rated, supporting career growth and work performance.
This document provides information about a sample assignment for the course "Social Processes and Behavioral Issues" from Indira Gandhi National Open University. It includes the course code, title, assignment code and coverage, as well as contact information for purchasing the assignment help material. The document then presents two sample assignment questions, with detailed responses providing examples and explanations of key concepts related to corporate governance, business ethics, perception, persuasion and their relevance in organizations.
IRJET - Six Sigma - Literature Review and Implications for Future ResearchIRJET Journal
This document reviews the current literature on Six Sigma and analyzes Six Sigma in the context of quality management literature. It finds that Six Sigma is best defined as a new approach to quality management. The review identifies several areas for future research on Six Sigma, including integrating other quality efforts, conducting more case studies within specific domains, researching user experiences of Six Sigma pros and cons in different contexts, and examining linkages between Six Sigma and other initiatives. The objective is to further the understanding of Six Sigma in practice and its potential applications.
This document is an internship report submitted to Visvesvaraya Technological University in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. It focuses on studying non-performing assets at Thyagaraja Co-operative Bank in Bangalore from April to June 2014. The report includes an introduction to the topic, objectives of the study, methodology used, and literature review. It also provides background on the banking industry and Thyagaraja Co-operative Bank. The report analyzes NPA levels over multiple years, compares NPA across bank regions, and examines implications of high NPA. It concludes with findings from the analysis and recommendations to resolve problem loans and maintain healthy NPA levels.
This document is a research project report on the marketing strategy of OnePlus and its effect on consumers. It was submitted by Abhishek Gautam towards their Master's degree in business administration. The report includes an introduction to marketing strategies, objectives of the study, literature review, research methodology, company profile of OnePlus, analysis of OnePlus' marketing strategies in India, and future prospects. It also acknowledges those who provided guidance and support.
Module 2 BA.pptx for MBA Course. 3rd Semester KTUssuser4f5461
This document outlines the modules and content covered in a Business Analytics course for an MBA program. Module 2 focuses on financial analytics, operations analytics, fraud analytics, demand planning, supply chain analytics, and risk management. It discusses using analytics tools in banking, retail banking, wealth management, demand forecasting, supply chain automation, aggregate planning, and procurement. The module aims to explain analytical techniques used in finance, operations management, and risk identification and management.
This document provides an overview of an executive summary, environmental analysis, and business description section of a business plan. It discusses the key components of an executive summary, including vision/mission/goals/objectives, business model, market position, wealth improvement approaches, and supporting parties. It then explains that an environmental analysis should include a global analysis, societal analysis, and industry analysis. The industry analysis further evaluates market forces, the business's position in the industry, and determines the most appropriate business strategy.
This document provides guidance on developing a business case for an enterprise initiative. It discusses key components of a business case including establishing the current business needs and strategic goals, assessing the current and future states, identifying alternatives, and performing financial, risk, and sensitivity analyses. The document emphasizes that a successful business case is credible, provides practical value to decision makers, and accurately predicts outcomes. It also provides examples of business case formats and key elements to include such as objectives, assumptions, cost/benefit models, comparisons of alternatives, and conclusions and recommendations.
M7233 is strategic planning summary chapter 2 rasyidAbdur Rasyid
This document provides an overview of business strategy concepts and their implications for IS/IT strategy. It discusses the evolving nature of strategy and strategic planning, noting that strategy involves learning and adapting while planning is more programmed. A strategic framework involves analyzing external factors, pressure groups, and internal strategizing. Key elements of business strategy formulation are determining strategic business units, setting objectives, and conducting a SWOT analysis. Strategy implementation can follow models of formation or formulation. Strategy tools include portfolio matrices and analyzing competitive forces and strategies. A resource-based view emphasizes building competencies for competitive advantage through operational excellence, customer intimacy, or product leadership.
The Business Plan, The Business Planning Process, Strategic Planning, Analysing The Environment, Analysing The Firm, Industry And Competitor Analysis, Product And Portfolio Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Generating Strategic Options, Market Analysis And Strategy , Market Forecasting, The Operational Plan, Model The Business, Accounting Principles, Completing The Financial Statements, Reviewing The Financial Statements, Evaluating Strategic Options, Funding Issues, Risk Analysis, Presenting The Business Plan And Obtaining Approval, Implementing The Business Plan, Sayeed Alam, 9910479355
This document contains a pro forma financial analysis of a hypothetical acquisition of Sprint by Google. It projects the combined company's revenues, costs, earnings, and cash flows over 8 years based on assumptions about market share growth, revenue growth rates, cost synergies, and capital expenditures. Using a discounted cash flow model, it estimates the net present value of the acquisition would be $120.5 billion, indicating the deal would create value for Google according to this analysis. The positive NPV relies heavily on the assumption that Google could rapidly gain significant market share in the wireless market by lowering prices.
Similar to Business model analysis SWOT & PEST analysis (20)
The Evolution and Impact of OTT Platforms: A Deep Dive into the Future of Ent...ABHILASH DUTTA
This presentation provides a thorough examination of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, focusing on their development and substantial influence on the entertainment industry, with a particular emphasis on the Indian market.We begin with an introduction to OTT platforms, defining them as streaming services that deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast channels. These platforms offer a variety of content, including movies, TV shows, and original productions, allowing users to access content on-demand across multiple devices.The historical context covers the early days of streaming, starting with Netflix's inception in 1997 as a DVD rental service and its transition to streaming in 2007. The presentation also highlights India's television journey, from the launch of Doordarshan in 1959 to the introduction of Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television in 2000, which expanded viewing choices and set the stage for the rise of OTT platforms like Big Flix, Ditto TV, Sony LIV, Hotstar, and Netflix. The business models of OTT platforms are explored in detail. Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) models, exemplified by Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, offer unlimited content access for a monthly fee. Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) models, like iTunes and Sky Box Office, allow users to pay for individual pieces of content. Advertising-Based Video on Demand (AVOD) models, such as YouTube and Facebook Watch, provide free content supported by advertisements. Hybrid models combine elements of SVOD and AVOD, offering flexibility to cater to diverse audience preferences.
Content acquisition strategies are also discussed, highlighting the dual approach of purchasing broadcasting rights for existing films and TV shows and investing in original content production. This section underscores the importance of a robust content library in attracting and retaining subscribers.The presentation addresses the challenges faced by OTT platforms, including the unpredictability of content acquisition and audience preferences. It emphasizes the difficulty of balancing content investment with returns in a competitive market, the high costs associated with marketing, and the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to stay relevant.
The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
Looking ahead, the future of OTT in India appears promising. The market is expected to grow by 20% annually, reaching a value of ₹1200 billion by the end of the decade. The increasing availability of affordable smartphones and internet access will drive this growth, making OTT platforms a primary source of entertainment for many viewers.
Structural Design Process: Step-by-Step Guide for BuildingsChandresh Chudasama
The structural design process is explained: Follow our step-by-step guide to understand building design intricacies and ensure structural integrity. Learn how to build wonderful buildings with the help of our detailed information. Learn how to create structures with durability and reliability and also gain insights on ways of managing structures.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
buy old yahoo accounts buy yahoo accountsSusan Laney
As a business owner, I understand the importance of having a strong online presence and leveraging various digital platforms to reach and engage with your target audience. One often overlooked yet highly valuable asset in this regard is the humble Yahoo account. While many may perceive Yahoo as a relic of the past, the truth is that these accounts still hold immense potential for businesses of all sizes.
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSS
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
2. BUSINESS ANALYSIS MODELS
•THISTOPICWILL INTRODUCETWO
WELL KNOWN BUSINESSANALYSIS
MODELS ,SWOT AND PEST WHICH
ARE COMMONLY USEDASTOOLSTO
ANALYZEAND DEVELOP BUSINESS
STRATIGIES.
3. WHAT IS SWOT ANALYSIS
• SWOT ANALYSIS INVOLVES LOOKING ATTHE
INTERNAL STRENGTHS ANDWEEKNESS OF A
BUSINESS AND EXTERNAL OPPURTINITIES AND
THREATS.
• IN OTHER AND PROBLEMS THAT A BUSINESS HAS AND
TO DETERMINESTHE EXTERNAL FACTORS OFTHE
BUSINESS WHICH MAY EFFECT IT’S STRATEGY.
• THE PURPOSE OF A SWOT ANALYSIS ISTO CONDUCT A
GENERAL AND QUICK EXAMINATION OF A BUSINESS
TO DEVELOP OR PLAN A DIRECTION OF
DEVELOPMENT OR A PROPER STRATEGY IN FUTURE.
4.
5. SWOT ANALYSIS MODELS
STRENGTH
GOOD BRAND IMAGE
WELL KNOWN NAME
GOOD REPUTATION
COST ADVANTAGE IN PRODUCTION
HIGH MARKET SHARE
CONFIDENCE INTHE MARKET
COSTUMER LOYELTY OR REPEAT BUSINESS
6. WEAKNESS
INEFFECTIVE IN PRODUCTION
FALLING PROFIT
DECLININGAGE OFTHE LIFE CYCLEOF APRODUCT
POOR REPUTATION
LACK OF INNOVATION
COSTUMER’S LOSING CONFIDENCEONTHE BUSINESS
POOR MANAGEMENT
7. OPPORTUNITIES
POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCT
EXPENSION INTO NEW MARKET
DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BRAND
JOINT DEVELOPMENTWITH OTHERCOMPANIES
POSSIBLE GROWING DEMAND FOR A PRODUCT
POSSIBLE GOVT. POLICIES ENCOURAGINGTHE GROWTH OFTHE BUSINESS
NEW SOURCE OF PROFIT INCOME
8. THREATS CHANGE IN LAW OR REGULATIONWHICH MAY PROHIBIT OR AFFECT
THE PRODUCTION OF A BUSINESS
GROWING COMPETETION FROM OTHER BUSINESS OWNERS
NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPED BY OTHER COMPANIES
MARKETING ACTIVITIES
9. PEST ANALYSIS MODELS
•PEST ANALYSIS IS AN ANALYSIS
MODEL EXAMININGTHE
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND
THE GLOBAL FACTORSTHAT
MAY AFFECTTHE BUSINESS
11. POLITICAL
TO FIND HOW POLITICAL
DEVELOPMENT LOCALLY
NATIONALLY INTERNATIONALLY
AFFECTTHE STRATEGY OF A
BUSINESS
ECONOMIC
TO FIND HOW ECONOMIC FACTOR
MAY EFFECT ONTHE BUSINESS
SOCIAL
TO FINDWHAT COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE A BUSINESS MAY
GAIN BY SOCIAL CHANGE
TECHNOLOGICAL
TO FIND HOW NEW
TECHNOLOGIES MIGHT
AFFECTTHE BUSINESS
ACTIVITIES