This document provides information about burn injuries, including prevention, first aid, and emergency care. It discusses common causes of burns like cooking and smoking, and recommends precautions like never leaving cooking unattended. For first aid of burns, it advises stopping the burning by smothering flames, removing clothing, and applying cold compresses. Significant burns require emergency care and fluid resuscitation based on the Parkland formula to replace lost fluids. The document also covers burn classifications and charts for determining percentage of total body surface area burned.

1. Burn InjuriesShamma Lootah
R3
27.11.2018

5. Burn Care
◂ Prevention
◂ First Aid
◂ Emergency care

6. Prevention

7. Prevention
◂ Cooking is a major cause of fire…
so:
◂ Never leave it unattended
◂ If deep frying use equipment with a
thermostat
◂ Make sure all appliances are turned off
after use

8. Prevention
◂ Smoking:
◂ Never smoke in bed you could fall
asleep
◂ Use a proper ashtray
◂ Never empty the ashtray into the
rubbish bin before going to bed

9. Prevention
◂ Candles:
◂ Never leave them unattended
◂ Do not place them too close to curtains
◂ Ensure they are fully put before leaving
the house or going to bed

10. Prevention
◂ Electric:
◂ Do not overload sockets
◂ Avoid buying uncertified/cheap electric
goods
◂ Turn off appliances at night
◂ Call on electrician if fuses continually
trip or electric wires look damaged

11. Prevention
◂ Arson:
◂ You are four times more likely to die in
a fire if you do not have smoke alarm
that works
◂ Close doors at night to prevent smoke
traveling through your home.

12. First Aid Measures
◂ Extinguish flames by rolling the child on the
ground; cover the child with a blanket, coat, or
carpet.
◂ After determining that the airway is patent,
remove smoldering clothing or clothing saturated
with hot liquid. Jewelry, particularly rings and
bracelets, should be removed or cut away to
prevent constriction and vascular compromise
during the edema phase in the 1st 24-72 hr after
burn injury.

13. First Aid Measures
◂ In cases of chemical injury, brush off any
remaining chemical, if powdered or solid;
then use copious irrigation or wash the
affected area with water. Call the local
poison control center for the neutralizing
agent to treat a chemical ingestion.

14. First Aid Measures
◂ Cover the burned area with clean, dry sheeting
and apply cold (not iced) wet compresses to
small injuries. Significant large-burn injury (>15%
of BSA) decreases body temperature control and
contraindicates the use of cold compresses.
◂ If the burn is caused by hot tar, use mineral oil to
remove the tar.
◂ Administer analgesic medications.

15. Emergency Care

17. Categories of Burns

18. Categories of Burns

19. Lund and
Browder
Chart

20. Rule of Nines

21. Fluid Resuscitation
◂ Parkland Formula
◂ 4 ml x %BSA x weight (kg)
◂ ½ over 8 hours – lag time
◂ ½ over 16 hours