This document outlines the assessment and management of burn injuries. It defines burns as coagulative destruction of skin or tissue layers caused by heat, cold, electricity, radiation, chemicals or lightning. Burns are classified based on depth of tissue damage into superficial/first degree, partial thickness/second degree, full thickness/third degree, or fourth degree burns affecting deeper tissues. Assessment involves determining burn depth based on appearance and sensitivity. Management includes initial interventions to ensure airway, breathing, circulation, then covering and elevating burns, watching for shock, and minimizing complications like infection through aseptic techniques and early excision/grafting.

1. Dr / Reda Elbastwesy Abdelhamed Ibrahim
By

2. Outline
• Objective
• Type of Burn injury
• Classification of Burns
• Pathophysiology of Burns
• Assessment of the Burn wound
• Management of Burns
• First Aid
• Complications of Burn Injuries

3. Objectives
1. definition and causes of Burn injuries
2. Types and classification of burns
3.pathophysiology of burns
4.Management of a patient
5.Complications of burns

4. • A burn is a coagulative destruction of the
surface layers of the body.
• It occur when some or all of the cells in the skin or
other tissues are destroyed by
 heat
 cold
 electricity
 Radiation
 Lightening
 caustic chemicals
Definition &Pathophysiology

5. TypesofBurn Injury
• Thermal
Flame : fire injury
Scald : moist heat/steam
Flash : explosion
Contact : to hot surfaces

6. • Chemical burns
 Cause progressive damage
 Acid produces tissue coagulative Necrosis.
 Alkaline burns generate colliquation Necrosis.
 Systemic absorption of some chemicals is life
threatening

7. • Electrical
 mechanisms of injury :
i. Electrical current injury
ii. Electrothermal burns
iii. Flame burn caused by ignition of clothes
 Deep destruction of muscles rhabdomyolysis
• Inhalation Hot smoke
• Radiation sunburn

8.  Systemic changes

9. AssessmentofTheBurn Wound
• Burn Depth
 Cutaneous burns are classified according to
the depth of tissue injury:
1. superficial or epidermal (first-degree),
2. partial-thickness (second degree), or
3. full thickness (third degree).
4. Burns extending beneath the subcutaneous
tissues and involving fascia, muscle and/or bone
are considered fourth degree

11. First degree
(Superficial)
• Red, erythematous
• Very sensitive to touch
• Very painful
• Usually moist
• No blisters
Second degree
(partial-
thickness)
• Erythematous or whitish with a fibrinous
exudate
• Wound base is sensitive to touch and Painful
• Commonly have blisters
• Surface may blanch to pressure
Third degree
(Full thickness)
• Surface may be: White, Black, leathery, Pale or
Bright red
• Generally anesthetic or hypoesthetic
• Subdermal vessels do not blanch
• No blisters
• Hair easily pulled from its follicle
Fourth degree • Involves deep tissues including fascia,

13. Management;PrimarySurvey
Initial Intervention
 Airway maintenance with cervical
spine control
 Breathing and Ventilation
 Circulation with Haemorrhage Control
 Disability: Neurological Status
 Exposure with Environmental Control

14. Firstaidformajorburn
 Protect the burned person from further harm.
-If you can do so safely, make sure the person you're helping is not in
contact with the source of the burn. For electrical burns, make sure the
power source is off before you approach the burned person.
 Make certain that the person burned is breathing
. If needed, begin rescue breathing if you know how.
 Remove jewelry, belts and other restrictive items, especially from
around burned areas and the neck. Burned areas swell rapidly.

15. First aid formajorburn
 Cover the area of the burn.
Use a cool, moist bandage or a clean cloth.
 Don't immerse large severe burns in water.
Doing so could cause a serious loss of body heat (hypothermia).
 Elevate the burned area.
Raise the wound above heart level, if possible.
 Watch for signs of shock.
Signs and symptoms include fainting, pale complexion or
breathing in a notably

16. Burn Complications
1.INFECTION
2.Curling ulcer- stress ulcers
3. Ulcer, Hypertrophic scar
4.Pschological aspect
• PTSD
• Flash backs
• Avoidance behavior
• Sleep disturbance

17. Minimizing complications
1. Hand washing before & after touching
each patient.
2. Aseptic techniques for dressing &
procedures
3. Early nutritional support
4. Early excision of deep burns
5. Use of topical antimicrobials
6. Early excision and grafting

18. Sources
www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649
https://www.healthline.com/health/first-aid-with-burns