Bunch Management for Export of Banana fruits from India
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Bunch Management for Export of Banana fruits from India, Deleafing, Bagging, Cleaning, Post Harvest management.
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This document summarizes the key enzymatic and physiological changes that occur during fruit ripening, including enzymatic changes, changes in texture, respiration, and transpiration. It discusses how ripening is initiated by enzymes like pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, and cellulase, which cause softening by breaking down cell walls. Respiration increases during ripening, especially in climacteric fruits, while transpiration causes water loss. Studies on different fruits like guava, papaya, and banana are referenced to show how these changes have been observed and impact quality.
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Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major problem faced by fruit growers. This problem causes great economic loss to the growers with poor yield and selling of produce at low price during “on year” due to fruit glut in the market.
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Use of paclobutrazol in fruit crops
Irregular and alternate bearing in fruits is a major problem faced by fruit growers. This problem causes great economic loss to the growers with poor yield and selling of produce at low price during “on year” due to fruit glut in the market.
Plant height, flowering, yield and quality including alternate bearing can be overcome by various horticultural practices like pruning, thinning of fruits, use of chemicals like Paclobutrazol etc. out of these use of Paclobutrazol is commonly practiced by the horticultural growers.
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Loss due to diseases range from 20 to 30 %, in case of severe infection, total crop may be lost.
Estimated global loss due to insect pests in potential yields of all crops is -14%.
In India losses due to insect pests ranges from 10 to 20 %
Abiotic stresses reduce average yield of crops by upto50% (Bray EA 1997)
Annually about 42% of the crop productivity is lost due to various abiotic stress factors (Oerkeet.al.,1994).
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Fruit drop is a premature shedding of fruits before harvesting for commercial purpose. There are so many reasons for fruit drop like internal (Hormonal balance, morphological and genetically) and external (biotic and abiotic) factors. Fruit drop is very much serious in some fruits like apple, peach, currant, mango, citrus etc. Fruit drop may occur at various stages of fruit growth, starting right from fruit setting till its harvesting. It may be natural, environmental or pest related. Losses due to fruit drop at various stages have long been a serious threat to the fruit growers. After determining the actual cause of fruit drop, adoption of a suitable control measure can bring relief to the growers. Among different drops, pre-harvest drop is of great economic importance which can cause serious crop loss to farmer.
References:
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2. Fruit Drop Is Caused By - https://tipoftime.com/wp-content/uploads/uyqubb/fruit-drop-is-caused-by-ddb908
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This document summarizes the causes and timing of fruit dropping in plants. It discusses several periods of fruit drop: post-bloom drops within weeks of bloom due to issues like inadequate pollination or stress; June drops of fruits around 1-3cm due to water stress or temperature; and pre-harvest drops of mature fruits prior to harvesting. Additional types mentioned include summer drops from increased ethylene in June/July and summer/fall drops in September/October linked to rain after dry spells. Causes of fruit dropping include biotic factors like insects and pathogens, environmental stresses, and mechanical actions. Prevention strategies involve practices like irrigation, growth regulators, and crop thinning.
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Tissue Culture Pomegranate Plants Cultivation in India
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Bunch Management for Export of Banana fruits from India
- 2. Banana Plantation in Philippines
- 3. Banana Plantation in Philippines
- 4. Right Stage for De-flowering
- 5. Right Stage for De-flowering
- 6. Right Stage for De-flowering
- 9. Too-early stage for De-flowering – Not advisable
- 10. Too-early stage for De-flowering – Not advisable
- 13. Latex Scare- Because of early de-flowering
- 14. De-leafing Knife
- 15. De-leafing – Remove the unwanted leaves
- 16. De-leafing – Remove the infected leaves
- 17. De-leafing – Remove the disease infected, damaged leaves
- 18. De-leafing – Remove the disease infected, damaged leaves
- 19. De-leafing – Remove / fold the upper leaves
- 20. Clean Bunch
- 21. Clean Bunch
- 22. De-leafing – Remove the leaves-touching /damaging to the bunch
- 23. Bagging to the bunch
- 24. Bagging to the bunch-First clean the bunch
- 25. Bagging Process – Insert the bunch into the plastic bag
- 26. Bagging Process
- 27. Bagging Process
- 28. Bagging Process
- 29. Bagging Process
- 30. Bagging Process
- 31. Bagging Process
- 32. To avoid direct sunlight-use paper
- 33. Tagging for age control
- 34. Tagging for age control – week wise
- 35. Proper stage for false hands removal
- 36. Fruit Guard
- 39. Keeping the insertions between the hands
- 40. Keeping the insertions between the hands
- 41. Scares due to dry flowers
- 42. Right time for keeping ratoon
- 43. Traditional method of transportation of fruits
- 44. Measurement of size of fruits
- 46. Cutting and Carrying of bunch
- 47. Cutting and Carrying of bunch
- 48. Dehanding
- 49. Dehanding
- 50. Dehanding
- 51. Dehanding
- 52. • THANK YOU !!!!!