This document discusses different types of energy, including renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It describes how electricity is a secondary energy source produced from primary sources. It also explains key components of an electric power system, including Ohm's Law which relates current, voltage and resistance in a circuit. Power-law relationships are also covered, along with how power can be calculated using current and voltage based on the power rule.

1. BUILDING UTILITIES 2
Submitted to: Ar. Ulyses Paredes
Submitted by: Naomi Angela B. Battung

2. ENERGY
✧ the quantitative property that must be transferred to an
object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.
✧ a conserved quantity
✧ Law of Conservation of Energy
- energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed

3. ENERGY
✧ Energy comes in different forms:
✧ Heat (thermal)
✧ Light (radiant)
✧ Motion (kinetic)
✧ Electrical
✧ Chemical
✧ Nuclear energy
✧ Gravitational

4. ENERGY
✧ There are two types of energy:
✧ Stored (potential) energy
✧ the energy held by an object because of its position relative
to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or
other factors.
✧ Working (kinetic) energy
✧ energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to
its motion

5. ENERGY SOURCES (Renewable)
✧ are naturally replenished on a human timescale,
such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves,
and geothermal heat
- Wind Power
- Hydropower
- Solar Energy
- Geothermal Energy
- Bio-energy

6. ENERGY SOURCES (Non-renewable)
✧ comes from sources that will run out or will not
be replenished in our lifetimes—or even in many, many
lifetimes.
- Coal
- Petroleum
- Natural Gas
- Nuclear Energy
- Biomass Energy
- Fossilized Energy

7. ELECTRICITY
✧ the flow of electrical power or charge
✧ both a basic part of nature and one of the most widely used forms
of energy
✧ a secondary energy source because it is produced by converting
primary sources of energy into electrical power
✧ also referred to as an energy carrier
✧ the electricity we use is neither renewable nor nonrenewable.
✧ people use electricity to do many jobs every day—from lighting,
heating, and cooling homes to powering televisions and computers.

8. ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
✧ a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer,
and use electric power.
✧ the product of two quantities: current and voltage
✧ power can be transmitted over long distances with less loss at
higher voltages
✧ it is often more economical to install turbines that produce higher
voltages than would be used by most appliances, so the ability to
easily transform voltages means this mismatch between voltages
can be easily managed

9. ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
(Components)
✧ Supplies
✧ Loads
✧ Conductors
✧ Capacitors and Reactors
✧ Power Electronics
✧ Protective Devices
✧ SCADA Systems

10. OHM'S LAW
✧ states that the current through a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the voltage across the two points
✧ deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal
conductor
✧ The potential difference (voltage) across an ideal conductor is
proportional to the current through it.
The constant of proportionality is called the "resistance", R.
Ohm's Law is given by:
V = I R

11. POWER-LAW
✧ a functional relationship between two quantities,
where a relative change in one quantity results in
a proportional relative change in the other
quantity, independent of the initial size of those
quantities: one quantity varies as a power of
another

12. POWER-LAW FUNCTIONS
✧ Astronomy
✧ Criminology
✧ Physics
✧ Biology
✧ Meteorology
✧ General Science
✧ Mathematics
• Economics

13. POWER-LAW CIRCUIT
✧ To use the power rule (P = I × V), we need to know both the
current through the resistor, and the voltage across the resistor.
First, we use Ohm's law ( V = I × R ), to find the current through the
resistor. The voltage across the resistor is V = 9 V.