The document discusses budgeting for nursing educational institutions. It defines budgets and budgeting, lists their purposes, and describes the budgeting process. It explains how to budget for nursing schools, including classifying budgets into revenue and expenditure. Specific line items for revenue and recurring costs are provided. The document also defines a balance sheet and discusses advantages and limitations of budgeting. It summarizes a research study on how management budgets are constructed in a changing manner within healthcare systems.
It is defined as the specification of roles and functions of the nature of job of each individual who has to deliver effectively in order to be retained in the institution.
It is defined as the specification of roles and functions of the nature of job of each individual who has to deliver effectively in order to be retained in the institution.
THE EXPENSE OF QUALITY IS AN INTERACTIVE PROCESS BETWEEN CUSTOMER & PROVIDER. QUALITY ASSURANCE USUALLY FOCUSES ON MATERIAL, GOOD WORK & SERVICE PROVIDED EFFECTIVELY. ANY LACK IN SERVICE PROVIDED CAUSES DECREASE IN QUALITY
-It is a statement of anticipated results during a designated
time period expressed financial and nonfinancial terms.
-Three essential steps in the control process are establishing standards, comparing results with standards and taking corrective action.
-Budgeting process starts when top-level management establishes the strategies and goals for the organization.
THE EXPENSE OF QUALITY IS AN INTERACTIVE PROCESS BETWEEN CUSTOMER & PROVIDER. QUALITY ASSURANCE USUALLY FOCUSES ON MATERIAL, GOOD WORK & SERVICE PROVIDED EFFECTIVELY. ANY LACK IN SERVICE PROVIDED CAUSES DECREASE IN QUALITY
-It is a statement of anticipated results during a designated
time period expressed financial and nonfinancial terms.
-Three essential steps in the control process are establishing standards, comparing results with standards and taking corrective action.
-Budgeting process starts when top-level management establishes the strategies and goals for the organization.
Budgeting is an operational plan, for a definite period usually a year. Expressed in financial terms and based on the expected income and expenditure.
Or
Budgeting is a concrete precise picture of the total operation of an enterprise in monetary terms
budgeting required in nursing
DEFINITION: Budgeting is an operational plan, for a definite period usually a year. Expressed in financial terms and based on the expected income and expenditure. Or Budgeting is a concrete precise picture of the total operation of an enterprise in monetary terms. By: H.M. Donovan
3. PURPOSE OF BUDGETING: Mechanism for translating fiscal objectives into projected monthly spending pattern. Enhances fiscal planning and decision making. Clearly recognizes controllable and uncontrollable cost areas.
4. Offers a useful format for communicating fiscal objectives. Allows feedback of utilization of budget. Helps to identify problem areas and facilitates effective solution. Provides means for measuring and recording financial success with objectives of organization.
5. PERQUISITES OF BUDGETING: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: Need a sound organizational structure with clear line of authority and responsibility. NON-MONETARY STATISTICAL DATA: Such as number of admissions, average length of stay, percentage of occupancy and number of patient’s days. Used for planning and budgetary process
Budget is the heart of administrative management. It served as a powerful tool of co-ordination and negatively an effective device of eliminating duplicating and wastage. Budgeting, though primarily recognized as a device for controlling, becomes a major part of the planning process in any organization
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
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2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
AIM:
At the end of seminar group will be able to
implement their knowledge regarding budgeting in
practice.
Objectives:-
At the end of seminar group will be able to…
Define budgeting.
Enlist purposes of budgeting.
Describe meaning of budgets, budgeting and
budgeting control.
3. Describe classification of budget.
Enlist principles of budgeting.
Explain budgeting process.
Explain budgeting for nursing institutions.
Enlist advantages and disadvantages of
budgeting.
4. History
Budget word was first coined by the British kings
in early days from the word ‘BOUGETTE’
The important milestones were:-
-1215 AD :constitutional exposure
-1718AD : consolidated fund act passed which
considered budget as financial statement of govt.
activities for facilitating accountability of public fund.
-1882AD: budget entered the parliament for first
time seeking advice
5. Definition of budgeting
1. Budget is a financial plan of the government for a
definite period.
-
Taylor
2. Budget can be defined as a numerical statement
expressing the plans , policies and goals of an
organization for a definite period in future.
-
Anonymous
3. Budget is a concrete precise picture of the total
operation of an enterprise in monetary terms.
-
Donovan
6. PURPOSES OF BUDGETING
To provide a quantitative expression of the
plans of the institution.
To evaluate financial performance in
accordance with the plans .
To control costs
To supply a mechanism for translating fiscal
objectives into a projected monthly spending
pattern.
To enhance fiscal planning an decision
making.
7. To clearly recognize controllable and
uncontrollable cost areas.
To identify problem areas and facilitates effective
solution.
To provide a means for measuring and recording
financial success in accordance with the
objectives of the organizations
8. Difference between budgets,
budgeting and budgetary control
Budgets are the individual objectives of a
department, etc.
Budgeting may be said to the act of building
budgets.
Budgetary control embraces all and in addition
includes the science of planning the budgets
themselves and the utilization of such budgets as
a tool for the business planning and control.
9. Classification of budget
Incremental budget:-
this is based on estimated changes in the
present operation, allowing for a percentage increase for
inflation, all of which is added to the previous year’s
budget.
Flexible budget:-
this comprises several financial plans, each for
a different level of programme activity. It is based on the
fact that operating conditions rarely abide by expectations.
Revenue and expense budget:-
it may be prepared in a detailed form or abstract
statement, reflecting the items of profit and loss under
classified headings.
10. Rollover budget:- this one forecasts programmes,
revenue and expenses for a period more than a year, to
accommodate programmes that are larger than the
annual budget cycle.
Fixed-ceiling budget:- this is a financial plan in which the
uppermost spending limits are set by the top executive.
Performance budget:- this is based on functions not
divisions, e.g nursing research.
Cash budget:- this is prepared by way of projecting the
possible cash receipt and payments over the budget
period.
Expense budget:- expense budget in respect of
educational institutions can be prepared department wise
11. Responsibility budget:- it is a budget which identifies the
revenues an costs with an individual responsible for their
incurrence. Such a budget is an excellent control device since
it identifies with the individual only such revenues and costs
which are controlled by him.
Master budget:- it is a summary budget incorporating all
functional budgets in a capsule form.
12. Principles of budgeting
A budget should provide sound financial management by
focusing on the requirement of the organizations.
A budget should focus on objectives and policies of the
organization. It must flow from objectives and give
realistic expression to the realizations of such objectives.
A budget should ensure that programmes activities are
planned in advance.
A budget should ensure the most effective use of the
available financial and nonfinancial resources.
13. Budgeting should aim at ensuring coordination among
the various departments, establishing a frame of
reference for managerial decisions and providing criteria
for evaluating managerial performance.
A budget should not adopt too high or too low estimates.
A budget is prepared under the leadership of the
administrator .
While working on the budget a review of the performance
of the previous year is necessary and an evaluation of its
adequacy both in quantity and quality.
While developing a budget , provision should be made for
its flexibility.
15. BUDGETING FOR NURSING
INSTITUTIONS
School/college of nursing should have a separate
budget, principal in charge of the school of
nursing should be drawing the budget .(as per
government rules regulations and as seemed
necessary for running an educational institutions.)
Both the school/college and hospital should have
separate budget. The budget for the school or
college is annually planned by the nursing
director ,principal and general manager and
approved by the managing director.
16. Classification of budget
Budget is classified into 2 heads
1. Revenue: it includes assets, fixed deposits,
investments, loan , income.
2. Expenditure : it includes all expenses.
17. Revenue expenditure
College fees( from
students)
Fixed deposits
Government salary(for
employees)
Donation(trustees)
Guest lecturers
Staff salary
University payment
Workshop or
conferences
Maintenance
18. Recurring annual mandatory
expenditure
Affiliation fees – Rs.-3,00,000/- and every year
Rs. - 50,000/- per course
Inspection fees Rs. 25000/-
State council – Rs. 7000/- every year for
recognition
INC recognition fees Rs. 50,000/per course
INC inspection fees 7,500
Reinspection fees 7000/-
21. Balance sheet
Definition :-
a balance sheet is a financial
statement that summarizes a organization’s
assets, liabilities and shareholder’s equity at a
specific point in time. These three balance
sheet segments give investors an idea as to
what the organization owns and owes, as well
as the amount invested by shareholders.
22. Assets:- assets are items that are owned and
have value. Assets would include cash,
investments, money that is owed to the
person .
Liabilities:- a liability is a company’s financial
obligations that arise during the course of its
business operations. eg: loans , account
payable.
Shareholder’s equity:- is the difference between
total asset and total liabilities.
23. Format of balance sheet
liabilities Amount assets Amount
Loan taken 40000 Bills
receivable
40000
Account
payable
30000 Inventories(st
ock)
50000
70000 90000
Equity = assets-liabilities
90000-70000
20000
24. Advantages of budgeting
A budget helps plan for detailed programme
activities.
Financial matters can be handled in an orderly
fashion.
Budgets act as controlling devices to correct any
excessive expenditure of a given activity at any
point of time.
Weakness in the organization can be revealed
where there is no facilities available.
Budget helps the management learn from past
experience .the management can isolate errors
and analyze their causes and establish steps to
25. Limitations of budgeting
It is time consuming process
Over budgeting is a big danger which may render
a budget becomes meaningless and expensive.
Skill and experience are essential for successful
budgetary control.
Restrict the activities.
26. Research study
Fabricating budgets: a study of the production of
management budgeting in the national health
service
The study shows that management budgeting is
fabricated, put together in a changing and fragile
manner. Emerging accounting systems are not
fixed technologies with well defined purposes which
reflects patterns of responsibility but changing
constructions . Through this study of accounting in
actions, the paper explores the processes by which
accounting and budgeting systems bring economic
logic into hospital management .
It is also relevant to debates about the role of
budgeting and accounting in health care
27. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Bhaskara Raj e, Bhaskar
nima,2013,textbook of nursing
education, 1st edition ,EMMESS
medical publishers, Bangalore.
2. P C Tripathi P N Reddy , principles of
Management ,2ND edition , Mc-Graw
publication, New Delhi
3. www.science direct.com