Buck converter using Arduino and Proteous software.

1. INDUSTRIAL POWER
ELECTRONICS

2. Buck
converter
Hitesh Kumar Nath

3. Table of contents
02
Circuit diagram
And Waveform
01 Introduction
04 Conclusion
03 Advantages ,Dis-
advantages and
Applications

4. Introduction
 Buck converter is also known as DC-DC
converter or Step down voltage regulator.
 It reduces the input DC voltage to a specific
output voltage.
 In buck converter voltage will get step down
while current gets step up at load.

5. Circuit Diagram

6. There are two operating modes in Buck converter.
I. Switch ON – Diode OFF
II. Switch OFF – Diode ON
MODE 1 MODE 2

7. Mode 1
Mode 2

8. Explanation
 Switch On : - Current flow path is 𝒗𝒔 - CH- L- Load- 𝒗𝒔
 Switch Off : - Current flow path is FD – L – Load – FD
 When switch is ON - 𝑽𝑳(ON) = 𝑽𝒔 - 𝑽𝒐
𝑰𝒄(ON) = 𝑰𝑳- 𝑰𝑶
 When switch is OFF - 𝑽𝑳(OFF) + 𝑽𝒐 = 0
𝑽𝑳(OFF) = - 𝑽𝒐 , 𝑰𝒄(OFF) = 𝑰𝑳- 𝑰𝑶
 Applying Volt Second balance
𝑽𝑳(ON) × 𝑻𝑶𝑵 + 𝑽𝑳(OFF) × 𝑻𝑶𝑭𝑭 = 0
(𝑽𝒔 - 𝑽𝒐) × DT +(- 𝑽𝒐) × (1-D)T = 0
∴ Average output voltage 𝑽𝒐 = 𝑫𝑽𝒔
 Applying Ampere second balance
𝑰𝒄(ON) × 𝑻𝑶𝑵 + 𝑰𝒄(OFF) × 𝑻𝑶𝑭𝑭 = 0
(𝑰𝑳 - 𝑰𝒐) × DT + (𝑰𝑳 - 𝑰𝒐) × (1-D)T =0
𝑰𝑳= 𝑰𝒐
 Average value of capacitor current is Zero.

9. Advantages Dis - advantages
 Buck converters offer a more efficient
solution with fewer, smaller external
component and low losses of voltage.
 They are able to step-down voltages
using this minimal number of
components while also offering a lower
operating duty cycle and higher
efficiency across a wide range of input
and output voltages.
 Slow response to fast load steps
 Needs error amplifier compensation
Needs slope compensation

10. Applications
1
Power audio
amplifier, Quad
copters
Self regulating
power supplies
Step down computers
main supply voltage to
lower voltage.
2
3

11. Conclusion
Buck converters are step down converters. This converter
reduces amplitude of the output end when compared to the input
end and it is used in the SMPS applications and also for the
application in which the output voltage should be lesser to the
input voltage.

12. Thank
You!