This document describes the design of a control strategy for a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The control strategy aims to regulate process variables when disturbances occur in feedstock composition, ambient temperature, or preheat temperature. The best loop pairings as determined by singular value decomposition and relative gain array analysis are: combustion air flow to flue gas O2 concentration, hot gas oil flow to regenerated catalyst slide valve pressure differential, feed preheat temperature to riser outlet temperature, riser outlet temperature to wet gas compressor suction pressure, and recycle oil flow to regenerator bed temperature. A multivariable feedback control system using PI controllers on these loops was able to maintain all process variables within their limits. The addition of
Energy conservation Opportunities - Officesravindradatar
- Offices can significantly reduce energy consumption through small behavioral and equipment changes.
- Simple actions like switching off lights and electronics when not in use, keeping thermostats at higher temperatures, and ensuring efficient equipment can lower costs and reduce environmental impacts.
- Proper maintenance, utilizing daylight, and recovering waste energy also contribute to energy savings. Monitoring consumption patterns identifies opportunities to conserve more energy.
Energy audit & conservation studies for commercial premisesravindradatar
This document provides an overview of the scope and instruments used for an energy audit of commercial premises conducted by Senergy Consultants. The energy audit evaluates energy performance, bills, equipment efficiency, lighting, air quality, and distribution systems. It analyzes the energy index, bills, power quality, thermal images, consumption profiles, and recommends improvements to recover waste energy and switch to cheaper fuels to reduce costs. Key performance indicators like specific power consumption and pump efficiency are calculated. The goal is to identify savings through optimization and use of renewable energy.
The document discusses batch and continuous manufacturing processes. It defines batch processes as those that operate on discrete quantities of materials in a non-continuous manner, with periods of inactivity between batches. Continuous processes receive and process raw materials into finished units in an uninterrupted flow. Batch processes are useful for small volumes of specialty chemicals and allow scheduling maintenance between batches, while continuous processes are better for large volumes and bulk chemicals with fewer startups/shutdowns. The document also discusses controlling temperature and pressure in batch processes, as well as controlling fluid flow and storage vessel levels in continuous processes. Valve positioners are described as a way to reduce hysteresis in control valves and improve response time.
This document provides an overview and introduction to understanding the CQI9 standard for heat treatment processes. It discusses the goals of CQI9, the structure and contents of the standard, including sections on process tables, heat treatment assessment, thermocouples, instrument calibration, temperature uniformity surveys, and job audits. The document is intended to help users gain an intermediate understanding of specific areas of CQI9, with references to more detailed information in the original standard.
Boiler MACT Energy Assessments; Taylor, Gene, Trinity Consultants, 2014 Mid-A...MECConference
HAP, boiler, coal, biomas, ISO 50001, Qualified Energy Assessor, major source, area source, NOCS, notice of compliance status, thermal energy recovery, condensate recovery, ECMs, energy conservation measures,
This document provides an overview of the AMS2750E heat treatment standard. It is part of a series of guides on heat treatment control. This specific guide focuses on explaining key aspects of the AMS2750E standard for suppliers and end users, including instrumentation requirements, system accuracy tests, temperature uniformity surveys, and equipment classes. The guide also discusses how instrument suppliers can help meet the standard's requirements through services like calibrated thermocouples, instruments, field testing equipment, calibration, training and data management support.
This document describes the design of a control strategy for a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. The control strategy aims to regulate process variables when disturbances occur in feedstock composition, ambient temperature, or preheat temperature. The best loop pairings as determined by singular value decomposition and relative gain array analysis are: combustion air flow to flue gas O2 concentration, hot gas oil flow to regenerated catalyst slide valve pressure differential, feed preheat temperature to riser outlet temperature, riser outlet temperature to wet gas compressor suction pressure, and recycle oil flow to regenerator bed temperature. A multivariable feedback control system using PI controllers on these loops was able to maintain all process variables within their limits. The addition of
Energy conservation Opportunities - Officesravindradatar
- Offices can significantly reduce energy consumption through small behavioral and equipment changes.
- Simple actions like switching off lights and electronics when not in use, keeping thermostats at higher temperatures, and ensuring efficient equipment can lower costs and reduce environmental impacts.
- Proper maintenance, utilizing daylight, and recovering waste energy also contribute to energy savings. Monitoring consumption patterns identifies opportunities to conserve more energy.
Energy audit & conservation studies for commercial premisesravindradatar
This document provides an overview of the scope and instruments used for an energy audit of commercial premises conducted by Senergy Consultants. The energy audit evaluates energy performance, bills, equipment efficiency, lighting, air quality, and distribution systems. It analyzes the energy index, bills, power quality, thermal images, consumption profiles, and recommends improvements to recover waste energy and switch to cheaper fuels to reduce costs. Key performance indicators like specific power consumption and pump efficiency are calculated. The goal is to identify savings through optimization and use of renewable energy.
The document discusses batch and continuous manufacturing processes. It defines batch processes as those that operate on discrete quantities of materials in a non-continuous manner, with periods of inactivity between batches. Continuous processes receive and process raw materials into finished units in an uninterrupted flow. Batch processes are useful for small volumes of specialty chemicals and allow scheduling maintenance between batches, while continuous processes are better for large volumes and bulk chemicals with fewer startups/shutdowns. The document also discusses controlling temperature and pressure in batch processes, as well as controlling fluid flow and storage vessel levels in continuous processes. Valve positioners are described as a way to reduce hysteresis in control valves and improve response time.
This document provides an overview and introduction to understanding the CQI9 standard for heat treatment processes. It discusses the goals of CQI9, the structure and contents of the standard, including sections on process tables, heat treatment assessment, thermocouples, instrument calibration, temperature uniformity surveys, and job audits. The document is intended to help users gain an intermediate understanding of specific areas of CQI9, with references to more detailed information in the original standard.
Boiler MACT Energy Assessments; Taylor, Gene, Trinity Consultants, 2014 Mid-A...MECConference
HAP, boiler, coal, biomas, ISO 50001, Qualified Energy Assessor, major source, area source, NOCS, notice of compliance status, thermal energy recovery, condensate recovery, ECMs, energy conservation measures,
This document provides an overview of the AMS2750E heat treatment standard. It is part of a series of guides on heat treatment control. This specific guide focuses on explaining key aspects of the AMS2750E standard for suppliers and end users, including instrumentation requirements, system accuracy tests, temperature uniformity surveys, and equipment classes. The guide also discusses how instrument suppliers can help meet the standard's requirements through services like calibrated thermocouples, instruments, field testing equipment, calibration, training and data management support.
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
Validation of HVAC pharma geeta TUBE (Utility Systems)Saikat Bagchi
Validation Of HVAC, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning; Utility Systems, Validation Parameters, Air Handling Unit, Work Flow Animation Diagram, Validation Process Tests & Parameters.
The document describes a study testing a Temperature Limit Controller (TLC) device that can be installed in existing air conditioning units to limit temperature settings and save energy without disturbing users. The TLC was tested over 6 months in 4 departments, showing an average 40% reduction in compressor run time and corresponding energy savings. Calculations estimate the TLC would save over $100,000 annually if installed in all 7,000 A/C units at a plant, with a return on investment within 8 months.
Duncan cairnie ccm energy solutions hvacr seminar- april 2016ARAaus
This document summarizes the services and products offered by CCM Energy Solutions for improving boiler room energy efficiency. CCM provides full-service boiler room solutions including energy audits, emissions monitoring, retrofits with efficient burners and controls. Key products highlighted are Limpsfield high-efficiency burners, Autoflame combustion management systems, and the Sabien M2G boiler load optimization system. Case studies show these solutions reducing fuel use by up to 25% with paybacks of less than a year.
This document proposes a control system for HVAC to save power and increase the lifespan of the system. It will include temperature control using a PLC and fan speed control through a remote switch. The goals are to reduce power consumption and costs while providing greater comfort. The methodology will include testing existing HVAC systems and designing controls using a PLC and variable frequency drive controlled by a remote switch. The budget is $184 and the schedule is 21 days to design, build, and test the prototype system.
Testing Thermal Efficiency in Boilers - Temperature CalibrationAMETEK STC
An Italian manufacturer of boilers needed to test the efficiency of the boilers once the they had been produced. By using the CTC-155 temperature calibrator from JOFRA, it was possible to calibrate the temperature chain that consisted of two elements; the pt100 sensors and the input channel of the data acquisition system.
MD Anderson Energy Initiatives, reduced annual energy costs by $1 million in 2009
Author: Timothy Peglow, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Patient Care and Prevention Facililties
This document provides instructions for inspecting and testing a service regulator. Key steps include checking the regulator for leaks and proper lock-up pressure. The regulator must be set to deliver the correct pressure, typically 7 inches of water column or 2 pounds per square inch. Tests are done to ensure the regulator maintains pressure without flow and that connections are gas tight to prevent leaks. Inspection records must be completed after testing is finished.
A batch process involves treating stationary materials or work at a single location. It is often a thermal process controlled by either a two-position on/off controller if the reaction rate is slow, or a proportional controller to avoid temperature cycling if the rate is fast. Proportional control for batch processes involves gradually decreasing the valve setting to balance energy as the temperature rises and falls, with an offset that can be reduced by integral response to prevent overshoot, which many controllers limit through a rate of approach setter. The purpose of a batch process is to produce products with a given composition, maximum amount, and best economy.
The document discusses the components and installation process for natural gas services from the main distribution line to a customer's building. A typical service includes a service tee connecting to the main, a plastic or steel service line, a riser valve, regulator, meter, and connection to the customer's piping. The installation process involves planning based on the customer's gas needs, excavating a trench, installing the service components, pressure testing, and backfilling. Safety devices like excess flow valves may also be included to automatically shut off gas flow if the service line is damaged.
MECHANICAL -Pressure, Mass, Volume, Torque, Sound, Force, Hardness
ELECTRO-TECHNICAL -AC/DC Voltage, AC/DC Current, Resistance, LCR, Frequency, Power Factor, Temperature Simulation
THERMAL -Temperature (-80 C to 1200 C), Humidity
These all are our specialties in Sigma Test & Research Centre Calibration's lab(link this word to http://www.sigmatest.org/calibration.html). Kindly visit our web page also for more clarity on the calibration topic.
Your complete guide to cooling tower inspections so that you may have a deeper understanding of why inspections are so important. This step by step guide will reveal the process of what happens when a cooling tower inspection is completed, and what to expect afterwards.
The document discusses instrumentation and control systems used in power plants. It describes common types of instruments that measure temperature, pressure, level, and flow, including thermocouples, RTDs, manometers, orifice plates, and venturi tubes. Control systems use inputs from these instruments along with logic operations to output decisions that regulate plant processes and operations.
This document discusses advanced control loop strategies including multivariable loops, feedforward control, cascade control, ratio control, batch control, and selective control. It was presented by Dr. S. Meenatchisundaram for the Process Instrumentation and Control course at MIT Manipal. Examples are provided for each control strategy and it is explained that factors like outside disturbances must be accounted for in combined feedforward and feedback systems. Tuning of primary and secondary loops is also addressed.
Qeraton Arabia offers energy auditing and renewable energy services. An energy audit identifies energy inefficiencies to reduce costs. It inspects electrical systems, HVAC, lighting and more. The audit procedure involves data collection, analysis, and identifying energy efficiency measures. Thermography detects hot spots. Recommendations include efficient equipment, insulation, controls and renewable energy. The report details findings, savings opportunities and an implementation plan.
Turbine meters measure natural gas flow by counting the revolutions of a rotor within the meter. The document discusses turbine meter operating conditions, performance requirements, calibration, installation specifications, and environmental considerations. Turbine meters should be installed and calibrated according to manufacturer specifications to ensure accurate measurement of natural gas flow.
Occupant satisfaction is the main objective of any Quality HVAC Design. Primary factors impacting occupant satisfaction include: temperature and humidity control, air motion in room, energy efficient operation, adequate ventilation for good indoor air quality and proper zoning. To maximize occupant satisfaction, make sure the equipment is the correct size and the air distribution system is properly designed and installed. For residential applications ACCA Manual J, S & D are the only procedures recognized by ANSI and residential building codes.
Inlet Air Cooling system from Ikeuchi Improve gas Turbine efficiencyH.Ikeuchi & Co.,Ltd
This document proposes an inlet air cooling system for gas turbines using spray nozzles to reduce inlet air temperatures. It discusses how cooling the inlet air can increase gas turbine output and efficiency. The system sprays a fine fog to cool the air, with droplet sizes around 20 microns. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show inlet cooling can reduce air temperatures by 4 degrees Celsius, boosting turbine output. The manufacturer has experience installing these systems in Japan and reducing inlet temperatures by 3-4 degrees Celsius in actual operations.
Turbophase utilizes reciprocating gas or diesel engines to drive an intercooled compressor and uses waste heat to heat the compressed air, increasing gas turbine output and efficiency by adding compressed air back into the combustion process. Field tests showed Turbophase modules increased gas turbine power by up to 9 MW and reduced heat rate by up to 1.7% through added compressed air injection. Turbophase systems are modular for flexibility, have simple integration with gas turbines, and demonstrated reliable power boosting and efficiency gains in both the Middle East and United States.
The main purpose of HVAC is to provide the people working inside the building with “CONDITIONED AIR” so that they will have a comfortable and safe work environment.
A BMS system collects the operating information required for intelligent building management.
It analyses the operation of the building systems by viewing all important temperatures, humidities and equipment status.
To:
Ensures energy savings
Improves building operations
Improves building operations allowing remote control/over-ride where necessary
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by means reporting and traceability
Improves building management by having a faster reaction time to problems
Validation of HVAC pharma geeta TUBE (Utility Systems)Saikat Bagchi
Validation Of HVAC, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning; Utility Systems, Validation Parameters, Air Handling Unit, Work Flow Animation Diagram, Validation Process Tests & Parameters.
The document describes a study testing a Temperature Limit Controller (TLC) device that can be installed in existing air conditioning units to limit temperature settings and save energy without disturbing users. The TLC was tested over 6 months in 4 departments, showing an average 40% reduction in compressor run time and corresponding energy savings. Calculations estimate the TLC would save over $100,000 annually if installed in all 7,000 A/C units at a plant, with a return on investment within 8 months.
Duncan cairnie ccm energy solutions hvacr seminar- april 2016ARAaus
This document summarizes the services and products offered by CCM Energy Solutions for improving boiler room energy efficiency. CCM provides full-service boiler room solutions including energy audits, emissions monitoring, retrofits with efficient burners and controls. Key products highlighted are Limpsfield high-efficiency burners, Autoflame combustion management systems, and the Sabien M2G boiler load optimization system. Case studies show these solutions reducing fuel use by up to 25% with paybacks of less than a year.
This document proposes a control system for HVAC to save power and increase the lifespan of the system. It will include temperature control using a PLC and fan speed control through a remote switch. The goals are to reduce power consumption and costs while providing greater comfort. The methodology will include testing existing HVAC systems and designing controls using a PLC and variable frequency drive controlled by a remote switch. The budget is $184 and the schedule is 21 days to design, build, and test the prototype system.
Testing Thermal Efficiency in Boilers - Temperature CalibrationAMETEK STC
An Italian manufacturer of boilers needed to test the efficiency of the boilers once the they had been produced. By using the CTC-155 temperature calibrator from JOFRA, it was possible to calibrate the temperature chain that consisted of two elements; the pt100 sensors and the input channel of the data acquisition system.
MD Anderson Energy Initiatives, reduced annual energy costs by $1 million in 2009
Author: Timothy Peglow, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Patient Care and Prevention Facililties
This document provides instructions for inspecting and testing a service regulator. Key steps include checking the regulator for leaks and proper lock-up pressure. The regulator must be set to deliver the correct pressure, typically 7 inches of water column or 2 pounds per square inch. Tests are done to ensure the regulator maintains pressure without flow and that connections are gas tight to prevent leaks. Inspection records must be completed after testing is finished.
A batch process involves treating stationary materials or work at a single location. It is often a thermal process controlled by either a two-position on/off controller if the reaction rate is slow, or a proportional controller to avoid temperature cycling if the rate is fast. Proportional control for batch processes involves gradually decreasing the valve setting to balance energy as the temperature rises and falls, with an offset that can be reduced by integral response to prevent overshoot, which many controllers limit through a rate of approach setter. The purpose of a batch process is to produce products with a given composition, maximum amount, and best economy.
The document discusses the components and installation process for natural gas services from the main distribution line to a customer's building. A typical service includes a service tee connecting to the main, a plastic or steel service line, a riser valve, regulator, meter, and connection to the customer's piping. The installation process involves planning based on the customer's gas needs, excavating a trench, installing the service components, pressure testing, and backfilling. Safety devices like excess flow valves may also be included to automatically shut off gas flow if the service line is damaged.
MECHANICAL -Pressure, Mass, Volume, Torque, Sound, Force, Hardness
ELECTRO-TECHNICAL -AC/DC Voltage, AC/DC Current, Resistance, LCR, Frequency, Power Factor, Temperature Simulation
THERMAL -Temperature (-80 C to 1200 C), Humidity
These all are our specialties in Sigma Test & Research Centre Calibration's lab(link this word to http://www.sigmatest.org/calibration.html). Kindly visit our web page also for more clarity on the calibration topic.
Your complete guide to cooling tower inspections so that you may have a deeper understanding of why inspections are so important. This step by step guide will reveal the process of what happens when a cooling tower inspection is completed, and what to expect afterwards.
The document discusses instrumentation and control systems used in power plants. It describes common types of instruments that measure temperature, pressure, level, and flow, including thermocouples, RTDs, manometers, orifice plates, and venturi tubes. Control systems use inputs from these instruments along with logic operations to output decisions that regulate plant processes and operations.
This document discusses advanced control loop strategies including multivariable loops, feedforward control, cascade control, ratio control, batch control, and selective control. It was presented by Dr. S. Meenatchisundaram for the Process Instrumentation and Control course at MIT Manipal. Examples are provided for each control strategy and it is explained that factors like outside disturbances must be accounted for in combined feedforward and feedback systems. Tuning of primary and secondary loops is also addressed.
Qeraton Arabia offers energy auditing and renewable energy services. An energy audit identifies energy inefficiencies to reduce costs. It inspects electrical systems, HVAC, lighting and more. The audit procedure involves data collection, analysis, and identifying energy efficiency measures. Thermography detects hot spots. Recommendations include efficient equipment, insulation, controls and renewable energy. The report details findings, savings opportunities and an implementation plan.
Turbine meters measure natural gas flow by counting the revolutions of a rotor within the meter. The document discusses turbine meter operating conditions, performance requirements, calibration, installation specifications, and environmental considerations. Turbine meters should be installed and calibrated according to manufacturer specifications to ensure accurate measurement of natural gas flow.
Occupant satisfaction is the main objective of any Quality HVAC Design. Primary factors impacting occupant satisfaction include: temperature and humidity control, air motion in room, energy efficient operation, adequate ventilation for good indoor air quality and proper zoning. To maximize occupant satisfaction, make sure the equipment is the correct size and the air distribution system is properly designed and installed. For residential applications ACCA Manual J, S & D are the only procedures recognized by ANSI and residential building codes.
Inlet Air Cooling system from Ikeuchi Improve gas Turbine efficiencyH.Ikeuchi & Co.,Ltd
This document proposes an inlet air cooling system for gas turbines using spray nozzles to reduce inlet air temperatures. It discusses how cooling the inlet air can increase gas turbine output and efficiency. The system sprays a fine fog to cool the air, with droplet sizes around 20 microns. Computational fluid dynamics simulations show inlet cooling can reduce air temperatures by 4 degrees Celsius, boosting turbine output. The manufacturer has experience installing these systems in Japan and reducing inlet temperatures by 3-4 degrees Celsius in actual operations.
Turbophase utilizes reciprocating gas or diesel engines to drive an intercooled compressor and uses waste heat to heat the compressed air, increasing gas turbine output and efficiency by adding compressed air back into the combustion process. Field tests showed Turbophase modules increased gas turbine power by up to 9 MW and reduced heat rate by up to 1.7% through added compressed air injection. Turbophase systems are modular for flexibility, have simple integration with gas turbines, and demonstrated reliable power boosting and efficiency gains in both the Middle East and United States.
This document discusses spark advance control systems for internal combustion engines. It introduces spark advance as a fundamental parameter that affects engine performance. It then discusses various fuel saving technologies before focusing on construction, operation, and control of spark advance systems. The purpose of spark advance control is explained, along with causes of incorrect timing, effects on emissions and drivability, and advantages like increased combustion temperature and pressure. Knock control detection and prevention are also covered. Testing of a prototype feedback control system is described along with conclusions and references.
Design and Development of Small Scale VAR System by Using Exhaust Gas of IC E...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using waste heat from an internal combustion (IC) engine exhaust to power an absorption refrigeration system for vehicle air conditioning. The researchers conducted an experiment on a 4-cylinder diesel engine and measured exhaust temperatures from 85-223°C under different loads. They calculated that 101 kJ/min of heat is carried away in the exhaust gases. The document then reviews previous studies on using exhaust heat for vehicle air conditioning and absorption refrigeration systems. It also presents heat load calculations for a vehicle cabin, showing a total cooling load of around 2,154 kJ needed between 10am-4pm. The goal is to use the waste exhaust heat to meet this cooling load through an absorption refrigeration system
This document discusses exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) as a method to reduce harmful nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. It introduces EGR and explains that recirculating some exhaust gas back into the engine cylinders lowers combustion temperatures and reduces NOx formation. The key components of an EGR system - the EGR valve, cooler, and transfer pipe - are described. The document also notes some technical challenges with EGR systems and their future development to improve emissions control.
Case Study: Energy Audit For Cooling Tower Hina Gupta
The document discusses an energy audit of cooling towers at a client site. It analyzes the performance of two cooling towers, noting differences in cooling water temperatures and effectiveness. The audit finds that one cooling tower has an unused row and the towers are covered and affected by the building. It proposes relocating the towers to the terrace to improve air flow and lower water temperatures to below 28°C.
This document discusses energy saving strategies for air conditioning and lighting systems in public buildings. It details tests conducted that show significant potential savings from utilizing occupancy sensors, temperature limit controllers, and advanced room controllers. On average, occupancy sensors reduced unnecessary lighting usage by 40% while temperature limit controllers cut AC usage by 40%. Room controllers provide full control of AC units, lighting, CO2 sensors, and programming for maximum efficiency and savings. Overall, implementing smart control systems can significantly reduce a building's electrical usage and energy expenses.
"Replacement of vapor compression system of domestic refrigerator by an eject...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on replacing vapor compression refrigeration systems with ejector refrigeration systems. It discusses how ejector refrigeration systems use low-grade waste heat as the power source, have fewer moving parts than compressors, and can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The document provides details on the design and testing of ejector refrigeration systems using various working fluids. It analyzes the performance of these systems and the impact of parameters like heat source temperature, refrigerant type, and ejector design on the system coefficient of performance.
Case study Energy Audit for Chiller PlantHina Gupta
The document discusses energy audits conducted on HVAC equipment at a client site by MGCS-Energy Audit Company. It analyzes the performance of two chillers and two cooling towers. For the chillers, it is found that Chiller 2 has a higher condenser approach and lift, indicating its condenser is fouled. Cleaning the condenser is recommended to improve Chiller 2's efficiency. For the cooling towers, Tower 2 has a higher approach and lower effectiveness, suggesting relocating the towers to the terrace for better air flow. The audits identify opportunities for energy savings through equipment maintenance and modifications.
This document provides instructions for setting up and using a computerized diesel engine test setup. The setup consists of a single cylinder diesel engine connected to a dynamometer for loading. Sensors measure combustion pressure, temperature, fuel and air flow. Signals are interfaced to a computer for performance analysis using supplied software. Installation requires assembling components, connecting piping and wiring, and commissioning includes filling fluids, calibrating sensors, and ensuring data displays and engine operation as expected. Troubleshooting tips are provided for common issues.
This document outlines test procedures for measuring the net power and 30-minute power of electric drive trains. It describes using either a bench dynamometer or chassis dynamometer. Key steps include:
1. Performing tests at various motor/vehicle speeds within the manufacturer's recommended range to generate a power curve.
2. Measuring net power by running at full power for 5 minutes, maintaining specified temperatures.
3. Measuring 30-minute power by a 30-minute run while maintaining power within ±5% of initial value.
4. Results must be within ±2% tolerance for maximum power and ±4% for other points.
This document provides an overview of a gas turbine power station in Uran, India. It discusses the key components of the power plant including the filter house, compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, generator, waste heat recovery plant, boiler, steam turbine, air cooled condenser, and transformer. It also discusses the starting frequency converter, gas skid, fuel management, and concludes by thanking those involved in the training project.
Genesys ECO Solutions, LLC is a proud distributor of the TOP-ECO Refrigeration Activation Device that will help companies save money and power by efficiency.
The Company manufactures and supplies Engine & Chassis Dynamometerswith all Accessories and undertakes turnkey projects for the complete set-up of Engine Test Facility which includes Acoustic Enclosures, Water Circulation System with Cooling Tower, Engine Flue Gas Extraction System, Air Handling System and fully automated Engine Test System with match-plates, engine mounting pallets/trolleys with auto docking and Computer controlled Engine Performance Monitor.
The Company provides Engine Test Facility for carrying out endurance testing of engines. Two numbers of engine test beds with EDA&CSS have been erected in a separate premises of about 4000 sq. ft. area in the factory premises.
The audit examines the HVAC system and building by analyzing energy consumption, reviewing equipment and controls, assessing ventilation and lighting, and identifying safety issues. Key components include the furnace, evaporator coil, condensing unit, and ductwork. Control systems, demand charges, and additional equipment are also evaluated. Heat loss/gain calculations and ventilation balances are performed to determine efficiencies and recommend improvements. Routine testing procedures and action limits for utility systems are reviewed to ensure product safety.
The audit examines the HVAC system and building by analyzing energy consumption, reviewing equipment and controls, assessing ventilation and lighting, identifying safety issues, and calculating heat loss/gain. Key components like the furnace, evaporator coil, ductwork, and vents are inspected. The goal is to improve efficiency and indoor air quality by evaluating utility usage, potential upgrades, and routine testing procedures for compressed gases and utilities in contact with products.
DNS Energy provides energy auditing and conservation solutions including their Energy Savings Module (ESM) and ESM ECO3 products. The ESM uses microprocessor control to optimize compressor run times, reducing energy usage by 10-25% with no impact on equipment or space conditions. The ESM ECO3 provides similar savings averaging 20% for single or dual compressor systems. Case studies showed installations reducing energy usage by 13-19% annually.
Energy Systems & Maintenance - Class PresentationTahaUzair2
This document discusses the importance of maintenance for energy efficiency. It outlines the objectives of highlighting the role of maintenance in energy costs, discussing maintenance for major energy-consuming sectors, and emphasizing a continuous improvement approach. Benefits of maintenance include preventing equipment failure, ensuring safety, controlling energy costs, and maintaining quality. The document then provides details on setting up an energy management maintenance program with planning, monitoring, analysis and continuous improvement. Key aspects covered for various energy systems include identifying energy-related maintenance, estimating present maintenance costs, determining equipment conditions, prioritizing tasks, and developing initial monitoring procedures.
This document discusses research being conducted to optimize the cooling system design of the Villanova Steel Orca Research Center data center. Various cooling strategies and containment configurations will be tested using CFD software to minimize total energy consumption for cooling. Key factors like supply air flow rate and chiller supply temperature setpoint will be optimized. The most efficient designs will be validated at the new research facility to improve data center energy efficiency.
Similar to Bubble injection inside cooling system (20)
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
1. OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT TRANSFER
AND EFFICIENCY OF ENGINE VIA
AIR BUBBLE INJECTION INSIDE
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
2. INTRODUCTION
A proper cooling system has a key role in the
overall performance of an IC engine.
Air bubble can be used as an effective tool to
increase heat transfer and performance of heat
exchanger
Also with the help air bubble injection system,
we can effectively reduce warm-up period and
there by increase over all performance
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
• Consist of gasoline engine, air compressor, a
control panel, a hydraulic dynamometer,
measurement instruments and controllers.
• measurement instrument consists of
Advanced fuel measurement device, exhaust
gas analyzer, speed sensor, FESTO controller
valve.
• All measured data were collected and
recorded by a DAQ card.
4.
5. TEST CONDITIONS
• Duration of each experiment was about 900 s.
• Measurement of parameters has been started
from preliminary condition when coolant
temperature is about 25⁰C .
• Test were performed at different engine
speeds and constant load of 15% .
16. CONCLUSIONS
• By air bubble injection the fuel consumption has
been reduced.
• NO emission of the exhaust gases was reduced
considerably in and after warm-up period.
• The HC amount has reduced in the warm-up
state.
• Pollutants CO and CO2 demonstrated
homological results.
• It has reasonable effect on heat transfer
procedure
17. REFERENCE
• Hadi Ghasemi Zavaragh et al study on
“Optimization of heat transfer and efficiency
of engine via air bubbl injectionn inside engine
cooling system “ , 2017