Btec Pe

Btec Pe
L.0.2 – Barriers to participation
Introduction.
In sport we have to take in a range of different performers, who come from various different
backgrounds cultures and beliefs, each of these has its own demands and regulations for
participation in sport and so it is the job of different organisations and sporting parties to overcome
this, finding ways to include and allow everyone to participate in sport.
The sports Development / Performance pyramid is an explanation of how participation and ability
can be measured in sport. It helps to highlight the route a performer can take to become an elite
performer. It includes four different sections;
–The Foundation stage
At this stage sport practisers are classed as novices, where the ... Show more content on
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Taking part in sport and exercise by age;
Base: All (2,077), 16–24 (179), 25–34 (257), 35–44 (394), 45–59 (541), 60–74 (454), 75+ (252)
Again the above picture outlines the decrease in participation partnering with an increase in age.
Reasons for exercising
The oldest group were much less likely than younger people to be exercising to keep fit, relieve
stress/relax, keep in shape or lose weight but instead more likely to be taking part for enjoyment and
social aspects or because it helps with an injury/disability
Reasons for not exercising
People in different age groups have quite distinct reasons for not exercising. This is illustrated in the
picture below. Health is a barrier that increases steadily with age and is by far the main issue
affecting the older generation.
Reasons for not exercising (% of respondents)
Views on exercising more often
When asked if exercising more regularly was something they wished to achieve the study found
that; the oldest age groups were more likely to indicate that they did not want to exercise more: 58%
of 60–74 year olds and 72% of those aged 75 or over did not want to exercise more.
Economical reasons.

Being an 'OAP' comes with many different discounted opportunities especially within the sporting
environment, the older
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Btec Sport Participation Barriers
BTEC National level 3 Unit 6 – Sports Development
L.0.2 – Barriers to participation–Mr. Davies. Introduction.
In sport we have to take in a range of different performers, who come from various different
backgrounds cultures and beliefs, each of these has its own demands and regulations for
participation in sport and so it is the job of different organisations and sporting parties to overcome
this, finding ways to include and allow everyone to participate in sport.
The sports Development / Performance pyramid is an explanation of how participation and ability
can be measured in sport. It helps to highlight the route a performer can take to become an elite
performer. It includes four different sections;
–The Foundation stage
At this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is illustrated in the picture below. Health is a barrier that increases steadily with age and is by
far the main issue affecting the older generation.
Reasons for not exercising (% of respondents)
Views on exercising more often
When asked if exercising more regularly was something they wished to achieve the study found
that; the oldest age groups were more likely to indicate that they did not want to exercise more: 58%
of 60–74 year olds and 72% of those aged 75 or over did not want to exercise more.
Economical reasons.
Being an 'OAP' comes with many different discounted opportunities especially within the sporting
environment, the older generation are often offered with a range of different options for sport. This
is a great way in which to encourage elderly people to participate in sport. By reducing prises you
widen the desirability of the opportunity and due to retirement=lack of money and funds...reducing
prises makes sport more affordable and therefore doable to senior members of society.
An example of where this applies would be at the lc2 Swansea, where senior citizens are offered
with discounted opportunities regarding the

The Hare Krishna Movement: Immigration And Naturalization...
INTRODUCTION
The 1960s saw the rise of a disproportionately large number of new religious movements (NRMs) in
America. Many of these movements were rooted in existing faiths, from Judaism to evangelical
Christianity to Buddhism, and were often populated by members of the emergent American
counterculture. Concurrently, the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 was being passed into
law, which lifted many restrictions on immigration to the United States and prompted a new influx
of skilled laborers from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Over the following years and decades,
these immigrants began to occupy a prominent role in the American religious landscape, including
many NRMs. With these events in mind, this essay seeks to situate the Hare Krishna movement–a
successful Hindu–based NRM also known as ISKCON, or the International Society for Krishna
Consciousness–in the context of immigration and the counterculture at large. Unlike other Hindu
NRMs, ISKCON utilizes contemporary English translations of Hindu scriptures and represents a
decidedly Western expansion of several Hindu traditions.
Using a variety of primary and secondary sources, this essay discusses the history of the Hare ...
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Additionally, he continued to sharpen his critique of what he called 'Western scientific materialism'.
These allusions reflected Prabhupada's increasing acclimation to the cultural propensities and values
of American culture. More importantly, though, they aligned his Hindu teachings with the
experiences and ideologies of the young Westerners he sought to convert. This augmented his
success in proselytizing communities of young, countercultural hippies of the 1960s, with whom he
"found an audience willing and eager to disallow the mainstays of American religion–Christianity
and Judaism–and accept an Indian

Introduction to Sport, Fitness and Coaching
Introduction to Sport, fitness and management
In this assignment I will be introducing myself and my motivation for enrolling on module E122.
Primarily I will be looking at the differences between sport, recreation and physical activity. I will
look at how we can define these categories which I will do by looking at examples of each activity
and then explaining which category they fall into, as well as demonstrating how these activities can
overlap between categories. Furthermore, I will look specifically into one activity analysing the
scientific, economic and management changes that have occurred in recent years and the effects
these have had. (on what?)
My name is George, I am 24 years old and from being a school leaver until ... Show more content on
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The event receives huge amounts of media coverage mostly from American TV network ESPN and
therefor looking at skateboarding in this context with its general acceptance by the media, TV
broadcasters and newspapers as a sporting activity, Green. M (2008, p13), you would have to
conclude that skateboarding is also considered a sport as well as a very popular recreational activity.
Football, how has it changed; economically, scientifically and its management
Football is not only a huge sport but a humongous industry that is constantly evolving and changing.
I would like to look at some of the major changes that have occurred in recent years.
Football has changed dramatically from its early inception seen back as far as the 1800's and
possible the biggest changes that we have seen is the economics of the game. If we look at one
aspects of the football economy, player's wages, we may possibly see one of the biggest fluctuations.
The first generation of hero's that received any form of remuneration for playing saw salaries of
around seven pounds a week. This was however before the First World War so we have to take into
consideration the very different financial climate of the time; it is still a universe away from the
sums of money players receive in weekly amounts in the present day, with some

Baseball: The Black Sox Scandal
The film showed how with the black Sox scandal that there is no way to regulate the player on the
teams that they needed to create a governing body that will decide if a player is eligible to play
professional baseball, based on the actin that the committed. The very first commissioner of baseball
was Kenesaw Mountain Landis who came into power because of the Black Sox scandal. The
commissioner was given absolute power so his decision was final without any dispute. He decided
that with the players that participated and new of the fixed games was not going to be eligible to
play professional baseball anymore and to this day that ruling still stands. Even though the player
were removed of all charges in relation to accepting money to throw games,

Corruption In Australian Sport
role of governing bodies in pursuing breaches 1.0 Forward "Corruption in Australian sport is not a
new phenomenon. A series of high–profile cases in Australia, combined with an increasing
international focus, has seen a reassessment of Australian sport's vulnerability to illegal activities
such as match–fixing, use of inside information for betting purposes and the use of performance and
image–enhancing drugs. This has led to the development and endorsement of national policies on
match–fixing and doping, the establishment of sport integrity units, inclusion of specialist
intelligence units in law enforcement and the creation of new match–fixing offences." 1.1: Intro
Sport is an athletic activity requiring skill or physical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gerry Gsubramaniam, 45, of Clayton South, is accused of being the 'middle man' between the
players and the punters. Gerry confronts 10 charges including five counts of engaging in conduct
that corrupts or could corrupt the outcome of a betting event, and five charges of facilitating conduct
that corrupts or could corrupt the outcome of a betting event. Mr Gsubramaniam, a Malaysian
native, appeared before an out of sessions hearing. Detective acting senior sergeant Scott Poynder
told the hearing Mr Gsubramaniam had received payment for giving Southern Stars players
information on how games were to unfold and that he was "the contact point, receiving phone calls
regarding how the Stars would

4 Star Recruit Case Study
Leave it to the governing body of college sports to look common sense directly in the eye, and
rather than use it, hit it over the head with a steel chair. Braxton Beverly, a 4–star recruit who is now
a member of the North Carolina State Wolfpack, briefly attended classes at Ohio State. Originally
committed to the Buckeyes, when Thad Matta was shown the door, Beverly left with him. Since he
attended class, the NCAA considers him a transfer rather than a player who re–opened his recruiting
process. On Monday, the NCAA heard the player's appeal, after initially ruling him ineligible this
season (due to transfer rules), and decided to stick to its guns. Despite logic screaming that this isn't
a student–athlete attempting to game the system,

Help of The Isle of Man and England to an Athletic...
Help of The Isle of Man and England to an Athletic Performer
The Isle of Man is closely linked with England in development and competitions of sport. To get to
the top of a sport is never easy so I am going to explain how the Isle of Man and England help a
performer in athletics to get from grass roots to elite.
For a performer to get to the top they will need help from the governing body of their sport. The
main governing bodies and agencies are responsible for helping athletics to develop are:
* Sport England – The governing body of sport in England. They help to raise standards within
sports and help improve facilities.
* UK Athletics – The National Governing body of athletics in ... Show more content on
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At current there is one major programme being run nationally through out primary schools all over
the country. The programme is called the Tops programme and is co–ordinated by the Youth Sport
Trust, a governing body working for the development of sport for children between the age of 3 and
14. The programmes are delivered as a package including practical training to teachers and
resources and are designed to support the delivery of the national curriculum.
On the Island at present the MSR have provided all primary schools with only two of these
programmes. The Top Play and the Top Sport. These two programmes, yet very helpful in the
development of the children, don't give a spread of equality. As on the Island there are some
disabled athletes who have represented the Island in athletics but have had to learn these events at a
later date, as there was nothing for them during primary school. Luckily in athletics though gender
does not mater. The athletes may only compete against others of the same gender but their events
happen on the same days, there isn't a men's Olympics and a women's Olympics. This means that
athletes can train together equally.
As a result of the Tops

The Movement Of Indi The Struggle Of The Power Left A...
Many of these challenges stemmed from Prabhupada's death in 1977, which "left a young ISKCON
shaken". Although the movement was growing rapidly, it still relied heavily on the charismatic
authority of Prabhupada, and his death created deep uncertainties within the organization's
leadership. As the organization scrambled to fill the void in institutional power left by its founder,
there was a significant "movement of Indians into local positions of power, which had a [stabilizing
influence on] many of the temple–level conflicts and also encouraged a greater degree of Indian
participation". As Indian–Americans continued to take on leadership roles in ISKCON, they began
to draw spiritual legitimacy and authenticity from their status as ... Show more content on
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Before this period, Prabhupada distanced himself from traditional Hinduism and publicly stated that
his movement was not Hindu: "I don't want a Hindu temple. Our constitution is different. We want
everyone". However, the movement was forced to abandon this conviction as anti–cult sentiment
grew in the 1970s. By the middle of the decade, ISKCON fell under intense scrutiny by the media
and government officials. In order to protect the movement "against accusations of being a
dangerous cult, the leadership asked ISKCON's Indian supporters to speak to the movement's
authenticity as a traditional Hindu religious group". This testimony was successful in alleviating
public fears and allowed ISKCON to escape government sanctions. Without the leadership and
support of Indian immigrants, ISKCON would have been far less prepared to survive the death of its
founder in 1977 and the subsequent financial and legal issues that plagued the movement in the
1980s.
III. Hippies and Immigrants: Comparative Perspectives
Two major groups have historically populated the membership of ISKCON: first, the rebellious
youth of the American counterculture, and second, the Indian immigrant community that exploded
in the wake of 1960s immigration reform. While Indian–American devotees currently represent a
large proportion of ISKCON's following, their circumstances appear to differ dramatically from
those of the counterculture's hippies.

Transgender Equality In Sports
How does one define gender? Is it in terms of sex or is a distinct term with separate qualities and
qualifications? In the past century, sports have wrestled with these questions on how to qualify and
quantify gender. By addressing these issues, whether intentional or not, the sports world has
certainly broken down some barriers to transgender equality. Nevertheless, there is certainly more
work to do to further progress transgender equality in sports and arguably it is the moral obligation
of the sports world to pursue such equality. Ultimately, transgender people should have the right to
pursue competitive careers that match their gender identity. Before addressing the issue of
transgender equality in sports one must first understand what ... Show more content on
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The argument centers around the idea that female transgender athletes may have unfair advantages
over their competitors due to their strength or height that is a byproduct of testosterone (Time,
2015). This proposal has multiple flaws. First, there is the misconception that female transsexual
athletes keep the physical strength of their previously male body, but this claim is not supported by
medical facts (Krane & Barak, 2012). Specifically, studies have shown that after one year a
transitioning transsexuals testosterone levels drop to be consistent with those of a cisgender female
athlete, their muscle mass decreases, their body fat redistributed to match their identity, [and] bone
density is decreased (Krane & Barak, 2012). Consequently, researchers have concluded that female
transsexuals can compete in sports without having an inherent physiological advantage (Krane &
Barak, 2012). Now, some may argue that based on this evidence only transsexual athletes should be
allowed to compete, which brings up my second point: the pervasive idea that male athletes are
inherently superior to female athletes. Not only is such an idea sexist in nature, it is also
discriminatory. In general, transgender males do not tend to face as much opposition to allow them
to play competitively (Time, 2015). This difference in

Interactionism And Sports
Houlihan, 2000 (as cited by Coakley, 2014) points out 8 crucial areas, among others, that
involvement in the political processes in globalization of sports serves: 1) Safeguard public order–
Brazil, for example will have to spend billions of dollars and expend a huge amount of resources to
maintain security at the Olympics in 2016 in the face increasing terrorism, illegal drugs and the Zika
virus threat. They spent 850 million dollars for security at the 2014 World Cup (Fellay 2015).
International cooperation will be needed to enhance this and governments have to cooperate through
massive international networks to achieve this. It is likely they will surpass the estimated 6.5 billion
dollars and 43,000 soldiers plus enormous other resources ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The functionalist theory while it stresses the positive aspects of sports in society; it assumes
erroneously that no conflicts exist between various groups thus limiting its application. On the other
hand the conflict theory overstates the economic and class relations in society, which is the basis of
this theory. The critical theory shows the relations between sports and culture and how these change
when power and resources change. The feminist theory emphasizes gender ideology, while the
interactionist theory deals with the social relationships and identities of involvement in sports. None
of these latter theories fully explain the issues stated. However, these theories offer a way to explain
processes, including political processes, in sports from where we can gain a better understanding of
the changes and controversies taking place and why they are taking place (Coakley, 2015). Using
this as a starting point, individuals can then formulate more ideas and a better analysis of these and
recognize how this is shaping future sporting events (Coakley, 2015). For example, in the upcoming
Olympics in Brazil in a few moths time, audiences around the world question if this spectacle is just
an expansion of capitalism, designed to make poorer nations like Brazil dependent on them and how
will this play out in the present times with USA and Russia vying for super power supremacy and
China wanting to be a part of the supremacy struggle, while many other powerful economies are
struggling like the European Union nations (Fellay, 2014). As yet, there is no clear direction on how
these political processes will play out on the international stage, but individuals can use the theories
to help them make educated guesses and then watch the events as they unfold and modify their ideas
as things happen (Coakley,

Performance Enhancing Drugs' Affects on Athletes Essay
The topic for my stakeholder research paper is performance enhancing drugs. My research is the
affects of performance enhancing drugs on athletes and how it affects society. The stakeholders for
the research paper are the professional athlete, the college athlete, governing bodies and the fan. The
effects of drug use on the professional athlete can cost them their career and also their lives. The
college athlete wants to become the fastest or the biggest and nevertheless don't view performance
enhancing drugs as dangerous. Sports governing bodies in the United States have taken action
towards controlling the use of performance enhancing drugs. However there is the fan that will still
idolize the top athletes even though they use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I found the research on EBSCO host. He reflects on how performance enhancing drugs affected him
and a lot of people in his life. In addition to his use of performance enhancing drugs, he blames his
deadly disease of cancer on the drugs. Stakeholder #2 is the college athlete and my research came
from Sport Illustrated article "The Nightmare of Steroids" written by Tommy Chaikin and Rick
Telander. The research was found on EBSCO host. The article is about how performance enhancing
drugs told over a college athlete's life by driving him to violence and almost too committing suicide.
The governing body of college football The National Collegiate Athletic Association is stakeholder
#3. The article I used is "N.C.A.A Stiffens Drug Penalties and Expands Testing in Football" written
by William C. Rhoden from the New York Times. This research was found on EBSCO host. The
article deals with why drug penalties and expanding testing had to be made in football. The year
round testing is being tried in football first then will process to other college sports. Football was
chosen first for the year round drug testing because of the prominent coverage of performance
enhancing drugs being used in football. Finally something needed to be done because of the threat to
the athlete and fair play in sports from the use of performance enhancing drugs. The fan is
stakeholder #4 and I got research from two articles one is "Steroid Suspicions

Management of Sport Development
Sports development should be focused on mass participation not elite talent identification. Discuss.
Sports development is something which by definition caters for both the masses as well as elite
athletes. However after recent spending reviews more light has been thrown on the question, which
does deserve more funding and resources? In answering this question a lot of analysis has to go in to
what it is that the government want out of sport and what do they consider good results to be. Both
types of participation obviously have their own requirements financially and to a degree both feed
into each other. However where should we focus predominantly? Historically sports development
has only been something on the peripheries of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
M. 2009 P506). This example highlights the problem of national governing bodies like the British
Athletic Federation, that they don't know whether to adopt a policy of 'sport for all' or more elite
policies. Instead it would appear that governing bodies like the BAF have developed short sighted
polices which aim to balance their spending; however as a result they have directly cut the provision
of disciplines played by a large number of people, in what seems to be an attempt to move towards
elite sport. This is something that I would not endorse as cutting programs which are engaged with
seems like a decisive step away from the general aims of the government which is to increase
participation in sport. By cutting programs like cross country they are not only contradicting
themselves but showing that the public are not the main concern, also making it forthright that
governing bodies are miss using the revenue given to them by the government by cutting programs
which are played by all people. The problem with sport policy is very apparent, being that the
government are not sure who should get funding. This is primarily because they are unable to
conceptualize what it is that sport development is, as such can't formulate a full

What Makes a Sport a Sport? Essay
Sports are played worldwide and are reflective of that particular areas cultural view. This has led to
a wide variety of sports that are played. Due to this high level of diversity it has become extremely
challenging to define what activities are considered a sport verse a recitation activity. Specialists in
this field frequently debate this issue, discussing the criteria that should exist when evaluating a
sport. The main goal is to make a list concise enough yet, at the same time detailed so it can be used
in every sporting model.
Scholars have identified six separate components that must be present within a sport in order to be
considered as a true sport. One of the first requirements on this list is that the sport must include a ...
One of the activities on the list that I thought was the furthest thing from a sport was Pigeon Racing.
Even though I believed Pigeon racing to have incorporated many of the key components of a sport
such as competition, a governing bodies, benefits, and strategy; it fails to meet the other
requirements. One requirement that is not met is maintaining a certain level of physical and mental
activity. In this particular sport the performer is completely dependent upon the pigeon to compete.
By doing so this completely removes an athlete from the sport and eliminates any human chance in
affecting the overall outcome. Instead of a sport I would categorize this as a recreational activity that
is fun to watch and be involved in. I believe that an activity that relies solely on an animal
performance cannot be considered to be a true sport.
Going along the idea about animal involvement this brings me to another sport on the list I
questioned, noodling. This particular activity would in a sense be considered hunting but however,
the means at which the animal is captured is vastly different. This type of hunting is focused on
capturing catfish in a very peculiar fashion. The athlete essentially coats his arm in chum then sticks
it underwater waiting for a nibble. The catfish generally come and engulf the person's entire arm
thus successfully capturing a catfish. One of the main reasons why I would not classify this as a
sport is because it is a very unskilled form

The Different Types of Schools in Relation to Educational...
The different types of schools in relation to educational stages and school governance. The four
main types of mainstream state schools that are funded by local authority are known as maintained
schools. All children in England between the ages of five and 16 are entitled to a free place at a state
school. Most go to state schools. Children normally start primary school at the age of four or five,
but many schools now have a reception year for four year olds. Children normally leave at the age
of 11, moving on to secondary school. Most state schools admit both boys and girls, though some
are single–sex. The four main types of state school all receive funding from local authorities. They
all follow the National Curriculum and are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As with community schools, the local authority employs the school's staff and sets the admissions
criteria. The school land and buildings are normally owned by a charity, often a religious
organisation, which also appoints some of the members of the governing body. Specialist schools –
Though they follow the National Curriculum, specialist schools focus on a particular subject area.
Examples include sports, technology or visual arts. Specialist schools operate in partnership with
private–sector sponsors and receive additional Government funding, allowing them to establish
distinct identities through their chosen specialism and achieve targets for raising standards, while
working within the requirements of the National Curriculum. Any maintained secondary school in
England can apply for specialist status, in the following areas: arts, business and enterprise,
engineering, humanities, languages, mathematics and computing, music, science, sports, technology
or applied learning. Special Schools with secondary age students can specialise in one of the four
areas of the special educational needs (SEN) Code of Practice. Specialist Schools which meet a
range of criteria can also opt for a second specialism in a range of curriculum and system leadership
areas. State schools with particular characteristics Within the state schools system described above,
there are a number of schools with

What Is Soccer Corruption
Imagine a sports game, and the few people already known the results and events that will happen in
that game. That may sound someone has some sort of superpower but in reality the game was
already fix in a meeting with some high officials, players and referees with huge amount of money
transaction between them. Corruption in soccer is a leading cause of biasedness in the game, and a
major step must be taken to make the game of soccer less corrupt and fair. "The Beautiful Game"
quoted by many supporters and followers. Soccer is the most loved and followed sports with about
four billion followers and supporters throughout the world. The large fan base comes great
responsibility to the governing bodies which manages the different competitions ... Show more
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Different revelation has been made from the first trail of the local bodies corruption on The FA,
Brazilian FA and others to the head of the soccer association. The authors have mainly argued about
the effects and the work that have been done to stop corruption from soccer. Although many
committees have been formed to investigate the situation of corruption in today's soccer there have
been a very little change to it. I believe the increasing corruption in soccer can have very bad effect
on the game which can eventually lose millions of fans and followers. The corruption has caused
very negative impact towards the next generation of players and supporters that their favorite game
has been ruined mostly by some people with much control on it due to corruption. The main
problem that have caused corruption in my view and many of the articles and journals on corruption
on soccer is the unmanaged distributions of funds allocated only by certain number of people
without discussing with the committee. The sole power of some people like the former president of
FIFA Sepp Blatter has caused an unbalance in the account of these bodies. The details of the
distribution of funds has to be transparent and selling their votes by taking money from someone has
to be stopped in order to make this game meaningful

Usa Swimming Organizational Analysis
Introduction The sports industry has grown dramatically over the past hundred years and will
continue to play a major part in our society. The organizational structure and the policies used to
govern interscholastic athletics in the United States are critical to the future and success of sports
because many of these organizations and their procedural actions are standard and similar, yet
unique and diverse. It is also important to recognize and appreciate these organizations and their
roles in the development, revision, and continuation of governing policies and procedures. In this
paper i will discuss and outline the organizational structure of the US track and field and USA
swimming organization.
Organizational structure Organizational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their structural governance is composed of fifty–seven associations. Financially, USATF is a
volunteer–driven, not–for–profit organization with a staff of professional program administrators
located at the National Headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana. Our programs appeal and extend to all
levels of the sport, from children through adults, from newcomers to the sport to Olympic
champions (USATF chapter one the association). The USATF Track and Field committee has eight
positions with the highest positions available being the elected officers such as chairman, vice
chairman, treasurer and secretary. Other positions include subcommittee chairs, regional
coordinators, games coordinators, liaisons, task force managers,USATF Committee representatives,
and selected

Legislations That Influence Health And Safety
Legislations that Influence Health and Safety There are many different legislative factors that
influence health and safety in sport, each have their own purposes and outcomes. Without these
legislations sport would not be as safe of an environment as it is today as many of these acts have
only been introduced fairly recently. Some examples of these legislations would be: TASK 1 Health
and Safety at Work Act (1974) This act is the main legislation covering occupational health and
safety in Great Britain. The act is in place to make sure that people are safe when they are in their
working environment. The act also ensures that there is an appropriate use of explosives or highly
flammable substances within the workplace, for example unlawful acquisition, having incorrect
possession or if people are using these kinds of substances irresponsibly. There was a fourth
objective when the act started out ensuring control of toxic substances being released into the
atmosphere however this was put into its own legislation in 1990, called the Environmental
Protection act. The people enforcing these acts are the individual county and district councils; they
are responsible for making sure employees in their areas are safe within the leisure industry. For
example with this act in place the Bradford fire would not have been so catastrophic as there would
have been clear fire exits and communication with the fire department would have been a lot faster.
Control of Substances Hazardous to

Persuasive Essay: Is Cheerleading A Sport?
Imagine winning a world competition for cheerleading. You deserve this. You and your team have
been training and practicing for countless hours into days and nights. A few days later you are back
in school, with nothing but pride on your face. Then you hear it. "But cheer isn't even a sport." Many
athletic associations and sports broadcasts are debating over the big question of whether competitive
cheerleading is a sport or not. Though this athletic activity could be overlooked by many,
competitive cheer is a sport because it requires athleticism, allows the cheerleaders to compete, and
uses supporting companies as a foundation. Cheerleading is physically challenging. King Harrison,
a Georgia Tech Cheer Coach and former basketball and soccer player, compared it to sprinting for
two and a half minutes. He argues that cheer uses the same amount of endurance as any other
athlete. Another head coach and a veteran cheer judge says, "There are kids four years old doing
things you could never imagine. Standing back–tucks, stunting..." She also says to have witnessed a
ton of injuries due to cheer, and every single day, there will be people who would go home with
some sort of bruise, scratch or sprain. It is true that anybody could get hurt any day, however these
cheerleaders are not getting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Author and interviewer, Elisabeth Sherman, simply puts it like this in an article titled "Why Don't
More People Consider Competitive Cheerleading a Sport": "Their top goal isn't to support another
team, but to win competitions, which is one of the main criteria that determines whether an athletic
activity is a sport." In the same article, it mentions a team ( the Great White Sharks ) and them
training for the Cheerleading Worlds Competition. It is also stated that over one thousand teams
competed in NCA's All Star National Championship in 2017. Cheer has brought together
championships nationally and

The Pros And Cons Of College Sports
Sports can have an effect on many people, and that effect is basically allowing people to forget
about the problems that are going on in the world. Many of the problems are usually nationwide, or
the problems could be individual problems. Sports provide an opportunity for fans to come together
and share a common interest. Also, sports on the collegiate level presents an even bigger opportunity
for fans to come together because of the many diverse schools. Studies show that colleges and
universities are education driven, but sports can provide organizations with an opportunity to
upgrade facilities, as well as educational opportunities through the profits that are gained. Colleges
and universities not only aim make their sports appealing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
"If high school sports are about having fun, making friends, and representing your school, college
sports are about those things, but also about making money and obtaining national recognition for
the college, which may enable it to attract more applicants and more financial support from alumni
and friends." (Porto, 2014). The NCAA was formed when President Theodore Roosevelt called for
safer practices in college football due to the amount of injuries and deaths that were causing many
schools to question whether or not their school should continue to participate in sports. The NCAA
was more of a group that met in order to discuss the landscape of collegiate sports and to develop
rules for the participating sports.
Additionally, in 1921 the first ever NCAA National Championship was implemented and from there
addtional sports was added which lead to the need for a more formal governing body. Sports and
sporting events can have both positive and negative effects on the education system. Although,
many people usually enjoy a fun sporting event. The
NCAA's structure consists of governing bodies that oversee legislative bodies in that are made up of
volunteers of the participating schools. "These committees manage

P1: The Four Outdoor And Adventurous Activities
P1 describe four different outdoor and adventurous activities, including their organisation and
provision
Land–based – Skiing
Skiing is the action of travelling over snow on skis, especially as a sport or recreation. Competitive
skiing falls into two categories: Nordic which is cross–country racing and jumping, and Alpine
which is downhill or straight racing, and slalom racing round a series of markers. The organisation
for skiing is British Ski and Snowboard (BSS). It is the National Governing Body for Snowboarding
and Skiing in the United Kingdom. The provision for skiing locally is Bowles in Eridge. The
national place to go skiing is
Water–based – sailing
Sailing is a voyage made by a ferry or cruise ship, especially according to a planned

The Day Of The Rio De Janeiro Olympics
On the last day of the Rio de Janeiro Olympics, Kyle Snyder made both history and $250,000. He
became the youngest American to win an Olympic wrestling gold medal, and USA Wrestling 's
Living The Dream Medal Fund awards any wrestling gold medalist a quarter of a million dollars.
When Snyder left Brazil, he flew straight to Columbus, Ohio, to begin his junior year at Ohio State,
diving headlong into classwork he missed. In the winter and spring, he plans to defend his NCAA
national championship, wrestling again for the Buckeyes after accepting that $250,000 from an
outside organization – all within the parameters of NCAA rules. This past week, several Olympic
medal winners returned to campus just as college football season opens, and the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
"It 's mostly meant as a way to make wrestlers feel special. We 're the highest–paid medal in the
Olympics. "It 's a very nice thing to do. I don 't think Kyle Snyder or [fellow 2016 gold medalist]
Helen Maroulis wrestle for that kind of thing. People who put themselves through the hell of
wrestling have a very different calling. It 's a Spartan lifestyle. It 's a brutally tough sport. It 's a real
reward for someone who put themselves through that." When he helped start the fund, Novogratz
assumed he wouldn 't have to worry about NCAA guidelines because an NCAA wrestler winning a
medal at the Olympics was so rare. But to be sure, he and USA Wrestling reached out to the NCAA
to clear it. Novogratz figured the reward would have to be put into a trust until the wrestler 's
collegiate career was over. He found, though, that the NCAA had special dispensation for Olympic
athletes. In the NCAA 's words, provided by spokeswoman Stacey Osburn: "College athletes who
are representing their country may accept prize money from their country 's Olympics governing
body [in the United States, that would be the United States Olympic Committee]. There is no limit
to the award money that the governing body can provide for the Olympics." The rule is as simple as
that. Katie Ledecky will swim for Stanford after earning more than $100,000 from the USOC in
Rio. Joseph Schooling received the equivalent of about $740,000 from

Banning Performance-Enhancing Drugs By Athletes
Doping refers to the use of banned performance–enhancing drugs by athletes. PEDs or
performance–enhancing drugs are substances that are used to improve any form of activity
performance in humans such as strength, endurance, and speed. The use of PEDs, or doping, are
banned in most athletic governing bodies, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC),
The National Football League (NFL), The National Basketball Association (NBA), Major League
Baseball (MLB), and etc. Some PEDs include anabolic steroids, human growth hormones, blood
doping, stimulants, gene doping, and etc. Athletes use performance–enhancing drugs to aid in their
athletic performance and gain an unfair advantage against opponents who do not use those drugs.
Doping is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since professional players engage in doping, many young athletes have also engaged in doping.
There has been a rise in teen doping cases in the pasts years; as Stephanie McPherson states that,
"According to a national survey released in 2014, 11 percent of students in ninth through twelfth
grades admitted to having used synthetic HGH without a prescription" (McPherson 79). These
young athletes want to reach the highest level of the pros, so they want to emulate in the doping
behavior because they believe that they must use performance–enhancing drugs to succeed. Doping
also encourage young people to not engage in competitive sport. As Gerdes explains that, "Anti–
doping officials insist that performance–enhancing drugs hurt not only the image of competitive
sports but the athletes as well" (Gerdes 15). These athletes in the pros that engage in doping are just
very bad role models for the young athletes that are coming up. That is very bad for young athletes
because it has a negative impact on the image and the sport

Case 12.1 Mongolian Female Skier
1) Thank you for contacting me with your questions regarding the incoming Norwegian female
skier. The female skier may receive that skis from the manufacture and expenses from the
Norwegian national governing body. However, as with any incoming student athlete, the concern is
that the female skier maintains her amateur status under Article 12 of the NCAA bylaws. Per bylaw
12.1.2.1.4.11, the perspective student–athlete may receive free equipment, in this case skies, if
certain criteria are met. This includes that: (1) the skies come directly from the manufacturer and are
related to the perspective student–athletes sport; (2) the PSA does not enter into an open account
with the manufacture; and (3) a member institution's coach was not involved in assisting the
manufacture in determining that the PSA should receive the apparel. Accordingly, so long as the ...
Actual and necessary expenses by definition in bylaw 12.02.2 includes "medical treatment and
physical therapy." Accordingly, rehabilitation expenses are likely acceptable. However, because the
language in bylaw 12.1.2.4.7 list specific expenses beyond "actual and necessary," the bylaw ay be
read as more restrictive than all actual and necessary expenses. Rehabilitation expenses are likely
encompassed in this more restive reading of the bylaw under "comprehensive health insurance" if it
is provided by the national governing board. However, as there is not an official interpretation
clarifying if rehabilitation expenses are encompassed in this bylaw, the university may want to
request an official interpretation from NCAAAMA before allowing the PSA to receive rehabilitation

The Use of Technology in Both the Training Methods and...
The Use of Technology in Both the Training Methods and Training Environment of Elite Athletes in
Global Sport
Technology is used to help advance elite athletes, by achieving the maximum for the individuals
needs. Both with the training methods and environments technology is being used more and more,
for example simulated competition environments.
Although such technology is becoming increasingly popular with elite athletes, the provision of it
depends very much on how much money is at the athlete's disposal. This could be personal/family
wealth or funding provided by a third party, such as lottery funding or government funding.
There may be such cases where the athlete is part of a national ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This replicates altitude training. Without the technology of hypoxic chambers it is still possible to
create the altitude atmosphere by training with a restricted breathing pattern (hypoxic training). This
can be an effective way of replication, but technology is still required to measure the carbon dioxide
levels in the alveoli air.
The sporting institutes also use technology to analyse performance statistics, such as, speed, power,
heart rate, blood lactate, oxygen uptake, flexibility, technique and aesthetics (for some aesthetic
based sports, ie dancing, ice dancing). An example of this is using video recording and playback
technology to record an athlete's performance so that it can be analysed during playback. This can
be used to 'fine– tune' technique, or to work on the aesthetic sides of the aesthetic based sports.
Particularly in aesthetic based sports video is used during media broadcasts to show the public
'snippets' of competitors in slow motion. The clips are normally of a particular specified element.
More recently the judges in ice dancing have been using a system that provides each judge with a
computer screen and with this they can select the slow motion elements that they want to view
before giving their scores.
Another example of the analysis of performance statistics is the use of technology in computerised
fitness

Buddhism and Hinduism in America Essay
Buddhism and Hinduism in America
The Unites States is home to the most diverse spectrum of religions in the world. There are
representations of nearly every religion in the world. There are three basic ways religions arrive in
the US: import, export, and baggage. Buddhism and Hinduism are two Asian religions that have
made it across the Pacific Ocean and now exist along side many others in America. ISKCON, a
form of Hinduism, and Zen, a form of Buddhism, are two such groups.
All Indian movements have always had a charismatic leader associated with them. Bhaktivedanta
Swami Prabhupada was no different. Born Abhay Charan De 1896–1977 was the founder and
spiritual master of ISKCON, International Society of Krishna Consciousness. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Temples have altars and many statues or depictions of Krishna in which one can perform puja to
Krishna. Mantras are also performed several times daily. These mantras are usually very simple like,
"Hare Krishna, Hare Rama." Like other forms of Hinduism, ISKCON holds the Vedas and the
Bhagavad Gita historically true, but does not follow traditional Indian ways. Devotees of Krishna
believe that he lives in a paradisal world and with enough love and devotion for Krishna they can
break free from the karmic cycle and enter into this paradise.
ISKCON beliefs are derived from the Chaitanya Krishnaite sect, which was started by Chaitanya
Mahaprabhu. He is believed to have been an incarnation of Radha and Krishna. He taught that with
enough love for Krishna, one could burn away from karma to achieve moksha. ISKCON and
Chaitanya Krishnaitism differs from other Vishnuite groups, because they do not hold Vishnu as
there God, but just one of his incarnations.
Moundsville, West Virginia is home to many ISKCON members. These people live and work on
communal farms. The spiritual master leads ISKCON members through every detail of their lives.
They have definitive schedules in which they follow daily. These schedules are either divided into
time spent working on the farms or missionizing, and performing puja or chanting a mantra to
Krishna. Although dating is not allowed members may be married, but the master always arranges
them. Sex is for procreation

Review of UKSports Anti-Doping Policy Essay
"The two major justifications for the ban on the use of performance–enhancing drugs in sport relate
to the protection of the health of athletes, and the maintenance of fair competition"
(Black, 1996; as cited by Waddington, 2000)
The main objective of the U.K. Statement of the Anti–doping Policy stems from this. The aim is to
ensure that the various governing bodies of sport in the United Kingdom have consistent and regular
sets of policies and regulations in order to "protect the rights of athletes to compete drug–free" (U.K.
Statement of Anti–doping Policy). This policy, (January 2002) published by U.K. Sport, was
considered "a major landmark in the fight for drug–free sport". It was an attempt to set standards in
accordance with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
UK Sport's role is also clearly defined in the policy. UK Sport will have to agree an annual anti–
doping programme, consisting of testing (where appropriate), education and information, with the
Governing Bodies and also assist with its delivery. They will have to guarantee the confidentiality of
information arising from programmes except where it is required, in order to provide transparency
and accountability for public funding and the integrity of the testing programme. UK Sport will also
report to the designated official, within the Governing Body, both negative and positive test
outcomes, within an agreed timeframe. Again, they will assist, as required, with the provision of
information to the review, investigative hearing or appeal panels. Training workshops will be
provided for Governing Bodies, on operational and legal issues. Governing Bodies will also have to
be supported with advice and guidance, from the Anti–Doping Programme, team to achieve
programme delivery arising from the policy. Supporting, independent advice on complex scientific
or medical issues will also be provided by UK Sport, who will also promote an independent dispute
resolution system for sport. Finally, UK Sport will have to continue independent, high quality
collection services, as well as assisting Governing Bodies with the monitoring and reporting of
results.
Furthermore, according to the policy, Sports Councils have the power to withdraw funding from
athletes who have come

Imbalance Case Studies
The aim and objective of this dissertation was to contribute to the fascinating body of knowledge in
the field of gender imbalance throughout two of sports most prolific governing bodies, the LTA
(Lawn Tennis Association) and the FA (Football Association). To this end, a case study was
conducted into the process of the defining desideratum in tipping the gender imbalance, if any, in
both governing bodies. A review of existing literature led to the formation this was able to guide the
primary research. Through the medium of semi–structured interviews questions respondents were
asked to address a number of issues which included, what are both organisations actively doing
through their policies to address gender imbalance? How are they building,

Why Canada Should Increase Female Participation
Why Canada Snowboard should increase female participation Across all areas of society increasing
gender equality has become an important and popular topic. Many industries are taking action to
help create equal opportunities for both men and women, although Myers and Doherty (2007)
suggest there is ," A considerable amount of work still to be done to achieve equality for women in
sport" (p.323). Placing emphasis on the role of sport and societal issues Mulholland (2012) claims,
"Sport is a viable tool for addressing gender inequality and empowering girls and women." (p.17).
The inequality of male to female participation is especially present in snowboarding, as stated by the
Women's Snowboard Federation, "Female participation rates in snowboarding are significantly
lower than the distribution of the general population" (Women's Snowboard Federation). This paper
will discuss the Canadian snowboard industry, and why it is important for their organization to reach
out into the Canadian sport community and increase the number of female participants. Although the
Canadian snowboard industry is predominantly male, the current changing tone of this male
dominated industry presents an ideal opportunity to make changes effectively and efficiently to
pursue gender equal opportunities and in the distribution of programming. Coakely (2009) claims
that sport is a socially constructed institution that changes according to cultural context; affects other
realms of our culture like

Golf Governing Bodies To Limit Golf Technology Advances
Is it right for the golf governing bodies to limit golf technology advances?
If an athlete who plays a competitive sport is asked if they would like to improve in their sport, the
answer will always be yes. There is not one athlete that is satisfied with their current ability and they
are constantly working toward the idea of "better". In Roslyn Kerr's Sport and Technology: An
actor–network theory, she states, "there is an undisputed link between the goal of sport and that of
scientists, with both groups searching for greater human achievement. In sport, this is often achieved
through improving and enhancing already existing equipment and technology" (2016). Kerr goes on
to state that one would think that these technological advancements would be ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Does anyone in their right mind think that modern tennis has changed too much? Do people believe
Rafael Nadal is serving at too high a ball speed or that tennis superstar Serena Williams needs to go
back to the wooden racket? Those questions are unreasonable in the context of tennis, yet for golf
that mindset resides within the governing body. The counter argument of fair play does not have
merit in this debate because everyone can have access to the newest club or ball technology in golf.
The game of golf for the amateur is played by the same rules as it is by the professional. Limiting
the technological advances is simply done to prevent golfers from getting too good. However, since
this is a sport that can be said to be one of the hardest sports to master, it is hard to imagine why the
governing body is actively trying to limit the abilities of its players. It can be argued that the USGA
doesn't want another record broken. It seems to the average golfer that the new rules they are
implementing are designed so that shooting 59 doesn't become the norm or shooting 54 remains as
an impossible task for tour

The Barriers Preventing Female Participation
In recent years both the government and UK Sport have been working hard to promote higher
participation levels in sport for women. The UK wants to be at the forefront of world equality in
sport, and has been campaigning hard to educate the country. They have been explaining why sport
has traditionally been considered an exclusively male activity, why this is now 'old fashioned' and
why we must change these traditions in the 21st century, to progress sport and to promote the
benefits to health and communities further. In this essay I'm going to discuss the barriers preventing
female participation today, and what it was like for women in the past asking the question "have we
progressed?" If so, where have we progressed? And is there enough progress? Secondly, what are
the other barriers preventing gender equality in the wider society, not just for the elite and amateur
athletes but for normal working men and women; is there anything we can do to help them? Lastly
what are the National Governing Bodies of each sport doing to overcome gender equality, and are
we seeing progress there?
Firstly, what are and have been the barriers to participation? In the past women have struggled with
a lack of simple opportunities to engage with sports. Traditionally women have been responsible for
running households, looking after children and elderly relatives, not having the time for leisure
pursuits or the money available to spend on themselves, as the family would have always had a
higher

Education As A Large Number Of Qualified Staff
hool as Organisations
Introduction
Education is a massive structure in England. At any one time there are approximately 12 million
children going through the educational system, this is about 1/5 of the population. It is mind
boggling, when you consider that each age group will have their own development requirements,
academic obligations and social needs, all of which are necessary to be met at school. In order to do
this successfully, every school must have a large number of qualified staff, who are knowledgeable
in a variety of fields from teachers to support staff to external professionals that in certain cohorts of
pupils. It is my intention to attempt to explain the systems and the job roles necessary to keep every
school ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the age of 5, children go on to primary school.
Primary
Every child has to attend primary school full time. While children are here, they start to study key
stage 1, and then go on to key stage 2. Children have to stay at primary school until they are 11
years of age. To begin with children mainly learn through play, focusing on basic numeracy and
literacy. On a daily basis, a child normally stays in the same classroom with the same teacher. Their
teacher normally delivers the national curriculum, from the core subjects (Maths, English, ICT and
Science) to Non–core foundation subject such as Geography, PE and Art. In year 6, pupils have their
Statutory Assessment Tests (SAT's) to do. Every child has to sit these tests. Their results are often
used when they enter secondary school for putting them in ability groups. Some people disagree
with these tests, an argument is that the tests are unnecessary and course a number of children
considerable stress and trauma. In 2008 this was the last year that year 9 sat their SAT's, but they
still remain for year 6. From then there has been a number of requests from parents and schools that
year 6 SAT's cease.
Secondary
Pupils enter secondary school at the age of 11. Secondary schools are much bigger then primary
school, for example there may be 240 pupils in a single year group at secondary – this may be more
than the entire primary school. Pupils start

Intercollegiate Athletics Chapter 7 Summary
Jayce Bailey Cravens
Professor Cuellar
Foundations in Sports Management
September 21, 2015
Final
Chapter 7 is titled Intercollegiate Athletics. Chapter 7 deals with a lot of information about the
starting of college athletics. The first three topics that chapter 7 focuses on is the Origins of
Intercollegiate Athletics Governance, National Collegiate Athletic Association, and other National
Governing Bodies. While continuing chapter seven I continue to learn more and more about
Intercollegiate Athletics. The next three topics its talks about is athletic conferences, basics of
college sport finance, and director of athletics. Chapter 7 is continuously gives information about
intercollegiate athletics. Chapter 7 also talks about first line managers. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Equipment managers may seem corny or inadequate, but without them it would be difficult for your
team to compete. According to the Athletic Equipment Managers Association (AEMA) (What Is
Certification, 2008), equipment managers purchase equipment; fit equipment such as football
helmets; checks, clean, and inspect uniforms and equipment to reduce wear and risk of injury while
preserving the life of the equipment and garments as part of the budget management process; and
establish a comprehensive accountability system that includes inventory, reconditioning, and
storage. Equipment managers play a key role in intercollegiate athletics, but sports information
directors are important as well. According to Staurowsky and Abney, sports information directors
are responsible for both technical and management functions. Sports information directors basically
make sure to spread the word of an event coming up. They hand out flyers, game programs,
newsletters and a lot more stuff. Senior woman administrator is the highest ranking female
administrator involved in the management of an NCAA institution's intercollegiate athletics
department. (NCAA, 2008,

The Safety Of Motor Sports
Safety in Motor Sports Motor sporting is particularly a spectacular as well as an exciting game that
provides intense enjoyment for both the competitors and the spectators. The game can take various
forms ranging from large circuit events attracting thousands of viewers, to grass track competitions
in a local farmer's fields usually attended by competitors along with their families. Organizers for
motor sports games also range from Fortune 500 companies to small motor clubs and other
governing bodies. Majority of the organizing members are involved simply for the fun of it. The
sport also has a few governing bodies. Majority of sport events are conducted under the strict
guideline provided by the governing bodies comprised of members rich in experience and endowed
with expertise in motor sport safety. They usually provide comprehensive practical counsel and
assistance the appliance of these guidelines in individual cases. The primary focus of this paper is on
the safety in the motor sport. Motorsport is merely over a century old, only a few years in play and
younger that the actual automobile. Besides the precautions taken to safeguard spectators, only little
efforts had been put to protect motorsport participants from fatalities or serious injuries caused by
accidents until in the dawn of 1960s. Although drivers raced primarily for the game's glory than for
monetary rewards, and automobile manufacturers contributed as part of their R&D efforts than for
marketing, injuries

Nbd Recruitment Strategy
also review their recruitment and development practices to ensure recruitment from the breadth of
the community. All NGB boards should develop appropriate recruitment strategies regarding
inclusion and exclusion recognizing the uniqueness of their specific sport. NGB's should also
actively seek to recruit people from under represented sectors of the community. 3. Is the UK
national governing bodies adhering to the Treaty of Lisbon? The simplicity of the role of a board
member is perhaps misunderstood and misapprehended. Research indicates that there may be an
issue with women under–valuing or not recognising their potential. There is no specific formula or
pre–determined list of requirements to being a Board member. Different sports governing

Hockey History
This essay will be discussing the history of hockey, its development throughout as the years went
on, the development of rules and organisation and who the national governing body are, how they
are funded. Also this essay will explain the participation levels in the sport hockey from back when
it was first started to how it is now. For those that do not know the national governing body they are
a national governing body that help create participation in sport by creating opportunities for
individuals to get recognised with the talent they have and there are different national governing
bodies for each sport and country. (Mifflin, 2008).
Hockey is the second largest team game in the world and is played over 100 countries. The origins
of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The national governing body for hockey in England are England hockey. They took over in 2002
from its predecessor , the English Hockey Association (EHA). The EHA who were formed in 1996
to merge the separate men's , women's and mixed associations but it had to suspend operations
earlier in 2002 because of financial problems and that's when England Hockey became the official
national governing body for hockey in England. The England hockey is The England Hockey is
associated with the European Hockey Federation (EHF) and also the international Hockey
Federation (FIH) (Kate, 2017). The FIH is responsible for the rules that are made in hockey , these
rules are followed by players and umpires worldwide that participate in the game and England
Hockey is responsible for ensuring these rules are implemented in England. England Hockey is
funded from a number of sources, public and commercial. The biggest funding partners for England
Hockey are UK Sport, Sport England and the National Lottery. Sport England and UK sport help
give National Lottery funding into hockey and other sports, the money from the National lottery is
from people that play games like lotto, This was according to Abbey,

What Is Coaches Code Of Ethics
Coaches Code of Ethics and Conduct
Soccer is the players' game. The paramount concern of coaches is the holistic development, welfare,
enjoyment and safety of their players.
Coaches bear responsibility for teaching their players to strive for success while playing fairly,
observing the Laws of the Game and the highest levels of sportsmanship.
Coaches shall treat officials with respect and dignity, and shall teach their players to do the same.
Our opponents are worthy of being treated with respect. Coaches will model such respect for
opponents and expect their players to do likewise.
In both victory and defeat, the behavior of a coach shall model grace, dignity and composure.
Coaches shall adhere to the highest standards and the

The Notion Of Lex Sportiva
The notion of Lex Sportiva in many ways mirrors the nature of the debate regarding its subject
matter. Two academic schools of thought have debated since the 1980 's as to to the role of national
legal systems within sporting contexts. More recently however, the debate has changed to one which
questions the validity of Lex Sportiva or global sports as a genuinely distinguishable, and unique
branch of law. As Gianni Infantino has suggested "both politicians and legal scholars have discussed
the much vexed question of the so–called sporting exception. Academic Ken Foster has claimed that
Lex Sportiva is even more niche, arguing that legal principles applied to sporting circumstances do
not necessarily amount to the formation of Lex ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Siekmann and Soek have suggested the CAS is responsible for "the development of a new and
useful jurisprudence derived from its awards". One could justifiably argue that the CAS fills the gap
between sporting governing bodies and traditional legal systems in the sense it will hear matters of
purely sporting significance. Simply, those cases that do not fall within the remit of traditional legal
judgements. This somewhat intermediary role is illustrated in Football Association of Serbia v.
UEFA, in which the Serbian football association wished to contest the awarding of a point sanction
during qualifying for the 2016 European Championships. Clearly in this case there is no breach of
European community law. Yet, the CAS enables a bespoke service to challenge sporting judgements
regardless of the opinion of traditional legal systems. Therefore one may justifiably argue that the
CAS is a quasi–judicial body that successfully provides a reference on the unique nature of sporting
regulation and codification. However as James has suggested "The UK has no formal definition of
sport and consequently no formal definition of sports law" perhaps meaning that lex Sportiva is a
not as clearly defined as previously assumed. As late as the 1980 's the laws relationship with
sporting contexts was typified by a piece–meal, ad–hoc approach to legislation

Sports Politics : Is The Fear Of A Loss Of Power? Essay
Sports Politics Essay
"Power does not corrupt. Fear corrupts... perhaps the fear of a loss of power." (Steinbeck)
International Sports Organizations have long been regarded as entities who are committed to the
highest level of honesty among many multinational governing bodies. They set programs in place
for mass inclusion, fund programs designed to help conflicting communities through sport, and
demonstrate commendable levels of fairness and transparency. Self interested policies could never
exist within such a fair democratic structure, many times the policies implemented are meant to
provide the utmost level of cooperation needed to further the expansion of sport on a global and
local level. At least that's what they would have you believe. The argument to be made is whether
international sports organizations, specifically FIFA, are engaged in questionable practices that
allow them to impose their will upon those who stand in their way. FIFA has long been regarded as
the dominant governing body in the world of football as they control the entire process behind all
aspects of the World Cup and other international tournaments. However, have you ever stopped to
think about why they have been so successful in remaining the sole actor in this role? International
sports organizations maintain a high level of influence on a global scale, the amount of power
amassed by FIFA since their inception has exceeded that of many governments and has allowed
them to be massive

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