This document provides a medical history and treatment plan for Brody Long, a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with severe quadriplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Brody was born prematurely at 28 weeks and spent 5 months in the NICU. He communicates non-verbally and relies on a G-tube for feeding. His physical therapist, Peter, develops goals focused on improving Brody's strength, range of motion, respiratory function, and independence with transfers. Treatment involves stretching, strengthening, and mobility exercises both in the pool and on land to address Brody's tight muscles and limited movement. Progress is evaluated based on small functional gains rather than standardized tests, as significant improvements are unlikely given Bro
Abby Jones is a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with severe quadriplegic spastic cerebral palsy with athetosis. She was born prematurely at 28 weeks and spent 5 months in the NICU. Her treatment plan focuses on range of motion, strength, balance, and standing exercises both in the pool and on land. In the pool, activities help challenge her respiratory system and facilitate movement. On land, exercises include stretching, joint mobilization, and adaptive cycling. Her progress is slow given her involvement, but maintaining flexibility and preventing worsening of impairments is considered progress for her condition.
Problem faced by Adult with Cerebral Palsy & their emediesjitendra jain
As with any other normal individual, function of Cerebral Palsy affected individual also declines significantly as result of aging but proportion of problems can be more. Shorter life span in these group of population not because of cerebral palsy but commonly due to existing co-morbidities so it is better to understand their co-morbidity and try to resolve them .
This document summarizes research on nutrition-related comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy. It defines cerebral palsy and discusses its causes, types, and characteristics. It then examines dysphagia, malabsorption, and constipation that affect nutrition. Several studies are described that evaluate diagnostic tools for dysphagia, biomarkers of malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency, and indicators of constipation. Methods of nutrition support through enteral formulas are also discussed. The document concludes that nutrition interventions and medical nutrition therapy can help address nutritional issues for children with cerebral palsy.
This document provides information about cerebral palsy (CP), including:
1) CP is defined as a non-progressive disorder of movement, muscle tone, and posture due to a brain injury before age 5. It is often associated with developmental disabilities like intellectual disability, epilepsy, and sensory or speech problems.
2) CP is classified based on affected body parts (topographic), muscle tone physiology), and functional ability. Assessment involves evaluating health, neurological function, movement, cognition, vision/hearing, feeding, speech, orthopedic issues, and home situation.
3) Management is multidisciplinary, involving medical evaluation, physiotherapy to improve movement and prevent deformities, occupational therapy, play
Actualizaciones en la clasificación de Parálisis Cerebral Infantil y su relev...Teletón Paraguay
This document discusses updated clinical classifications for cerebral palsy. It begins by defining cerebral palsy and describing the typical classifications based on tone, topography, and motor involvement. It then introduces newer classification systems like the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) which focus on functional ability rather than impairments. These systems aim to provide a common language for clinicians, researchers, and families to describe what individuals with CP can do, not just what body structures are involved. The classifications systems can help guide treatment planning and set realistic functional goals.
Cerebral palsy cannot be cured, but early identification and multidisciplinary care can improve outcomes. Treatment involves both nonphysical and physical therapies to manage symptoms like muscle spasms, improve mobility, and develop skills. Nursing responsibilities include educating families, assisting with therapies and daily living activities, and ensuring a supportive environment. The overall goals are maximizing independence and quality of life through a lifelong approach.
Cerebral palsy assessment and management (PT) case presentation Meet Desai
The document discusses cerebral palsy, its causes, types, and treatment. It defines cerebral palsy as a motor disorder caused by brain damage early in development. The main causes are prenatal (e.g. brain malformations), perinatal (e.g. asphyxia during birth), and postnatal (e.g. infections). The physiotherapy management of cerebral palsy aims to improve mobility and function through techniques like passive stretching, strengthening exercises, and gait training. Treatment is multidisciplinary, involving physicians, surgeons, therapists and other specialists.
Abby Jones is a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with severe quadriplegic spastic cerebral palsy with athetosis. She was born prematurely at 28 weeks and spent 5 months in the NICU. Her treatment plan focuses on range of motion, strength, balance, and standing exercises both in the pool and on land. In the pool, activities help challenge her respiratory system and facilitate movement. On land, exercises include stretching, joint mobilization, and adaptive cycling. Her progress is slow given her involvement, but maintaining flexibility and preventing worsening of impairments is considered progress for her condition.
Problem faced by Adult with Cerebral Palsy & their emediesjitendra jain
As with any other normal individual, function of Cerebral Palsy affected individual also declines significantly as result of aging but proportion of problems can be more. Shorter life span in these group of population not because of cerebral palsy but commonly due to existing co-morbidities so it is better to understand their co-morbidity and try to resolve them .
This document summarizes research on nutrition-related comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy. It defines cerebral palsy and discusses its causes, types, and characteristics. It then examines dysphagia, malabsorption, and constipation that affect nutrition. Several studies are described that evaluate diagnostic tools for dysphagia, biomarkers of malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency, and indicators of constipation. Methods of nutrition support through enteral formulas are also discussed. The document concludes that nutrition interventions and medical nutrition therapy can help address nutritional issues for children with cerebral palsy.
This document provides information about cerebral palsy (CP), including:
1) CP is defined as a non-progressive disorder of movement, muscle tone, and posture due to a brain injury before age 5. It is often associated with developmental disabilities like intellectual disability, epilepsy, and sensory or speech problems.
2) CP is classified based on affected body parts (topographic), muscle tone physiology), and functional ability. Assessment involves evaluating health, neurological function, movement, cognition, vision/hearing, feeding, speech, orthopedic issues, and home situation.
3) Management is multidisciplinary, involving medical evaluation, physiotherapy to improve movement and prevent deformities, occupational therapy, play
Actualizaciones en la clasificación de Parálisis Cerebral Infantil y su relev...Teletón Paraguay
This document discusses updated clinical classifications for cerebral palsy. It begins by defining cerebral palsy and describing the typical classifications based on tone, topography, and motor involvement. It then introduces newer classification systems like the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) which focus on functional ability rather than impairments. These systems aim to provide a common language for clinicians, researchers, and families to describe what individuals with CP can do, not just what body structures are involved. The classifications systems can help guide treatment planning and set realistic functional goals.
Cerebral palsy cannot be cured, but early identification and multidisciplinary care can improve outcomes. Treatment involves both nonphysical and physical therapies to manage symptoms like muscle spasms, improve mobility, and develop skills. Nursing responsibilities include educating families, assisting with therapies and daily living activities, and ensuring a supportive environment. The overall goals are maximizing independence and quality of life through a lifelong approach.
Cerebral palsy assessment and management (PT) case presentation Meet Desai
The document discusses cerebral palsy, its causes, types, and treatment. It defines cerebral palsy as a motor disorder caused by brain damage early in development. The main causes are prenatal (e.g. brain malformations), perinatal (e.g. asphyxia during birth), and postnatal (e.g. infections). The physiotherapy management of cerebral palsy aims to improve mobility and function through techniques like passive stretching, strengthening exercises, and gait training. Treatment is multidisciplinary, involving physicians, surgeons, therapists and other specialists.
Presented at the 2009 ASF Biennial Conference in Orlando, FL., the Angelman Syndrome Foundation announced the establishment of the Angelman Treatment and Research Institute (ATRI). Please visit www.angelman.org for more information.
Dr. Suresh Kumar Murugesan is presenting on cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture due to damage to the brain. The presentation covers the causes of cerebral palsy, types of cerebral palsy, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment including medication, therapy, surgery and assistive devices, and prevention strategies.
This case study describes the nutritional management of a 20-month-old boy diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by low muscle tone, difficulty feeding, and hyperphagia leading to obesity. The boy exhibited several common signs at birth and was tube fed until age 2 months. Currently, he requires calorie-restricted meals and snacks to manage his weight. His care involves multiple specialists and monitoring of growth, labs, and dietary compliance to support his nutritional needs and development.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive brain injury that causes motor dysfunction. Rehabilitation aims to improve mobility and function through various therapies while preventing deformities. It involves physiotherapy, occupational therapy, bracing, assistive devices and surgery. The goals are to improve skills like walking and sitting, and maximize a child's independence through a multidisciplinary approach involving the family. Rehabilitation is successful if it enables the child to be happy and integrated into the community while supporting the well-being of parents.
Genetic Testing in Neonates and Children - Screening for chromosomal abnormal...Prakash Patil
Genetic testing in neonates and children can help diagnose congenital abnormalities. Around 1 in 35 children are born with congenital anomalies that affect development or functioning. Common birth defects in India include congenital heart disease, deafness, and neural tube defects. Genetic testing techniques like karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and next generation sequencing (NGS) can help identify genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and mutations that cause congenital anomalies. Genetic testing provides medical benefits through diagnosis but also raises issues regarding psychological impacts, reproductive choice, and potential harms.
Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by abnormalities on chromosome 15 that results in problems with weight control and behavior. It is characterized by low muscle tone, short stature, cognitive disabilities, and an insatiable appetite that can lead to morbid obesity if not controlled. Treatment requires strict dietary management, behavioral therapy, and lifestyle modifications to address excessive eating and weight gain.
This document presents a case study of a 2 year and 6 month old male child diagnosed with cerebral palsy. It summarizes his medical history, developmental milestones, physical examination findings, and proposed treatment plan. The child exhibits delays in gross and fine motor skills and language development. He is unable to sit, stand or walk independently. The treatment plan focuses on stretching tight muscles, improving range of motion, strengthening, and working on functional activities like sitting, standing and mobility with the long term goals of independent ambulation and self-care.
This document discusses cerebral palsy (CP), defining it as a group of non-progressive movement disorders caused by brain insults during development. It covers the etiology, pathology, clinical features and classifications of CP. Etiology includes congenital, acquired, and infective causes. Pathology includes subependymal hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and hypoxic-ischemic damage. Clinical features include motor control disorders along with cognitive, sensory, and behavioral symptoms. Diagnosis involves developmental screening and clinical exams. Management is multidisciplinary, including therapies, medications, and sometimes surgery. Prevention focuses on good antenatal and neonatal care.
This document discusses physical, sensory, and perceptual development in infancy. It covers several topics:
- Rapid brain development occurs in the first two years, with the cortex being the least developed at birth.
- Reflexes help with survival and indicate neurological development; primitive reflexes should disappear by 6-8 months.
- The five states of sleep and wakefulness stabilize with age, and crying patterns change as infants grow.
- Physical growth is substantial in the first year as infants triple their birth weight and grow 10-12 inches.
- Sensory skills like vision, hearing, and touch develop rapidly in the first months of life.
- Perceptual skills like depth perception, visual scanning of faces
Here are the key postoperative nursing interventions for an infant with esophageal atresia/TEF:
- Maintain airway patency
- Keep NPO and administer IV fluids and electrolytes for hydration and nutrition
- Elevate head of bed to 45 degrees to prevent aspiration
- Suction as needed to keep airway clear
- Administer prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
The goals are to prevent aspiration, maintain hydration and nutrition until oral feeds can resume, and prevent complications like infection. Close monitoring of the airway and GI output is also important.
The document discusses the relationship between autism and nutrition from three perspectives: how nutrition may impact autism development, how food issues can manifest as autism symptoms, and how diet can be used as an autism treatment. It explores various dietary approaches used for autism including gluten-free, probiotic, vitamin/mineral supplementation, and metabolic therapies. While research on nutrition and autism is still emerging, dietary changes may help alleviate gastrointestinal and behavioral problems for some people with autism.
This document provides health supervision guidelines for pediatricians caring for children with Down syndrome. It covers topics from prenatal visits through adolescence. Key points include:
- Discussing prenatal testing results and prognosis with expectant parents.
- Evaluating newborns for common conditions like heart defects, hearing loss, vision issues.
- Providing anticipatory guidance on development, supportive services, and recurrence risks.
- Performing regular screening exams in infancy and childhood for growth, thyroid function, hearing, vision and more.
- Addressing psychosocial needs of parents and siblings through counseling and support groups.
The guidelines aim to help children with Down syndrome achieve their full potential through
The document discusses how the aging process affects humans from infancy to elderly. It describes how vision, hearing, touch, movement, sleep, and brain plasticity develop in infants and change with aging. Key areas of development in infants include rapid brain growth and neural connectivity, while key changes for the elderly are loss of senses, mobility, sleep quality, and neural pruning. However, the brain maintains plasticity throughout life by adapting to changes.
Childhood disorder in abnormal psychology.Lianne Dias
The document provides an overview of several childhood disorders including ADHD, conduct disorder, autism, mental retardation, learning disabilities, enuresis, encopresis, and separation anxiety. It discusses the key characteristics, causes, and treatment approaches for each disorder. The presentation aims to educate about externalizing disorders like ADHD and conduct disorder that cause problems for others, as well as internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety that cause problems for the self. Medication and behavioral therapy are frequently used treatment approaches. Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the development of many of these conditions.
•Catchall term for a variety of disorders that affect a child’s ability to
•Move and
•Maintain posture and balance
•It only affects the brain’s ability to control the muscles and not muscles or nerves themselves
•The symptoms and which areas are affected will depend on the severity and location of the brain injury
•May include Intellectual Disbaility, seizures, language disorders, learning disabilities, vision and hearing problems.
Loading…
•Affects the development of the child so also known as a developmental disability
•Usually a life long disability but mild form may recover soon.
•The problem affects the child’s future ability to learn and do
•The effect depends on a number of factors like
This document provides an overview of cerebral palsy, including its definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, nursing considerations, complications, and educational options. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain that affects movement and posture. The main types are spastic, dyskinetic, and mixed. Treatment involves rehabilitation, physical/occupational therapy, medications, and assistive devices to improve function and independence. Nursing focuses on meeting physical, educational and psychosocial needs.
This document discusses the management of cerebral palsy from a multidisciplinary approach. Cerebral palsy is a group of non-inherited disorders caused by damage to the motor region of the brain, impairing voluntary muscle control. Treatment requires a coordinated effort from specialists like pediatricians, surgeons, therapists and psychologists. While cerebral palsy cannot be cured, early and comprehensive treatment can improve capabilities and quality of life. The long-term prognosis depends on the severity of symptoms, but supportive care helps many improve motor skills and functioning over time.
This document discusses evidence based recent research on play and children with cerebral palsy (CP). It provides information on CP, including that it is a motor function disorder caused by permanent brain damage. It describes the types and causes of CP and discusses associated problems. The document outlines assessments and treatments for CP, including physical, occupational and speech therapies. It defines play, discusses the benefits of play for children with CP, and describes different types of toys that can be used to facilitate play.
This document discusses physical handicap in children, specifically cerebral palsy. It defines cerebral palsy as a permanent condition resulting from brain lesions before, during, or after birth. Common symptoms include motor dysfunction and spasticity. Risk factors include prematurity and infections. Treatment involves physiotherapy, occupational therapy, bracing, and assistive devices to improve mobility and prevent deformities, with the overall goals of maximizing function and community integration. Rehabilitation requires a team approach and family education to help the child develop skills and parents adjust to the disability.
Presented at the 2009 ASF Biennial Conference in Orlando, FL., the Angelman Syndrome Foundation announced the establishment of the Angelman Treatment and Research Institute (ATRI). Please visit www.angelman.org for more information.
Dr. Suresh Kumar Murugesan is presenting on cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture due to damage to the brain. The presentation covers the causes of cerebral palsy, types of cerebral palsy, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment including medication, therapy, surgery and assistive devices, and prevention strategies.
This case study describes the nutritional management of a 20-month-old boy diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by low muscle tone, difficulty feeding, and hyperphagia leading to obesity. The boy exhibited several common signs at birth and was tube fed until age 2 months. Currently, he requires calorie-restricted meals and snacks to manage his weight. His care involves multiple specialists and monitoring of growth, labs, and dietary compliance to support his nutritional needs and development.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive brain injury that causes motor dysfunction. Rehabilitation aims to improve mobility and function through various therapies while preventing deformities. It involves physiotherapy, occupational therapy, bracing, assistive devices and surgery. The goals are to improve skills like walking and sitting, and maximize a child's independence through a multidisciplinary approach involving the family. Rehabilitation is successful if it enables the child to be happy and integrated into the community while supporting the well-being of parents.
Genetic Testing in Neonates and Children - Screening for chromosomal abnormal...Prakash Patil
Genetic testing in neonates and children can help diagnose congenital abnormalities. Around 1 in 35 children are born with congenital anomalies that affect development or functioning. Common birth defects in India include congenital heart disease, deafness, and neural tube defects. Genetic testing techniques like karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and next generation sequencing (NGS) can help identify genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and mutations that cause congenital anomalies. Genetic testing provides medical benefits through diagnosis but also raises issues regarding psychological impacts, reproductive choice, and potential harms.
Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by abnormalities on chromosome 15 that results in problems with weight control and behavior. It is characterized by low muscle tone, short stature, cognitive disabilities, and an insatiable appetite that can lead to morbid obesity if not controlled. Treatment requires strict dietary management, behavioral therapy, and lifestyle modifications to address excessive eating and weight gain.
This document presents a case study of a 2 year and 6 month old male child diagnosed with cerebral palsy. It summarizes his medical history, developmental milestones, physical examination findings, and proposed treatment plan. The child exhibits delays in gross and fine motor skills and language development. He is unable to sit, stand or walk independently. The treatment plan focuses on stretching tight muscles, improving range of motion, strengthening, and working on functional activities like sitting, standing and mobility with the long term goals of independent ambulation and self-care.
This document discusses cerebral palsy (CP), defining it as a group of non-progressive movement disorders caused by brain insults during development. It covers the etiology, pathology, clinical features and classifications of CP. Etiology includes congenital, acquired, and infective causes. Pathology includes subependymal hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and hypoxic-ischemic damage. Clinical features include motor control disorders along with cognitive, sensory, and behavioral symptoms. Diagnosis involves developmental screening and clinical exams. Management is multidisciplinary, including therapies, medications, and sometimes surgery. Prevention focuses on good antenatal and neonatal care.
This document discusses physical, sensory, and perceptual development in infancy. It covers several topics:
- Rapid brain development occurs in the first two years, with the cortex being the least developed at birth.
- Reflexes help with survival and indicate neurological development; primitive reflexes should disappear by 6-8 months.
- The five states of sleep and wakefulness stabilize with age, and crying patterns change as infants grow.
- Physical growth is substantial in the first year as infants triple their birth weight and grow 10-12 inches.
- Sensory skills like vision, hearing, and touch develop rapidly in the first months of life.
- Perceptual skills like depth perception, visual scanning of faces
Here are the key postoperative nursing interventions for an infant with esophageal atresia/TEF:
- Maintain airway patency
- Keep NPO and administer IV fluids and electrolytes for hydration and nutrition
- Elevate head of bed to 45 degrees to prevent aspiration
- Suction as needed to keep airway clear
- Administer prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
The goals are to prevent aspiration, maintain hydration and nutrition until oral feeds can resume, and prevent complications like infection. Close monitoring of the airway and GI output is also important.
The document discusses the relationship between autism and nutrition from three perspectives: how nutrition may impact autism development, how food issues can manifest as autism symptoms, and how diet can be used as an autism treatment. It explores various dietary approaches used for autism including gluten-free, probiotic, vitamin/mineral supplementation, and metabolic therapies. While research on nutrition and autism is still emerging, dietary changes may help alleviate gastrointestinal and behavioral problems for some people with autism.
This document provides health supervision guidelines for pediatricians caring for children with Down syndrome. It covers topics from prenatal visits through adolescence. Key points include:
- Discussing prenatal testing results and prognosis with expectant parents.
- Evaluating newborns for common conditions like heart defects, hearing loss, vision issues.
- Providing anticipatory guidance on development, supportive services, and recurrence risks.
- Performing regular screening exams in infancy and childhood for growth, thyroid function, hearing, vision and more.
- Addressing psychosocial needs of parents and siblings through counseling and support groups.
The guidelines aim to help children with Down syndrome achieve their full potential through
The document discusses how the aging process affects humans from infancy to elderly. It describes how vision, hearing, touch, movement, sleep, and brain plasticity develop in infants and change with aging. Key areas of development in infants include rapid brain growth and neural connectivity, while key changes for the elderly are loss of senses, mobility, sleep quality, and neural pruning. However, the brain maintains plasticity throughout life by adapting to changes.
Childhood disorder in abnormal psychology.Lianne Dias
The document provides an overview of several childhood disorders including ADHD, conduct disorder, autism, mental retardation, learning disabilities, enuresis, encopresis, and separation anxiety. It discusses the key characteristics, causes, and treatment approaches for each disorder. The presentation aims to educate about externalizing disorders like ADHD and conduct disorder that cause problems for others, as well as internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety that cause problems for the self. Medication and behavioral therapy are frequently used treatment approaches. Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the development of many of these conditions.
•Catchall term for a variety of disorders that affect a child’s ability to
•Move and
•Maintain posture and balance
•It only affects the brain’s ability to control the muscles and not muscles or nerves themselves
•The symptoms and which areas are affected will depend on the severity and location of the brain injury
•May include Intellectual Disbaility, seizures, language disorders, learning disabilities, vision and hearing problems.
Loading…
•Affects the development of the child so also known as a developmental disability
•Usually a life long disability but mild form may recover soon.
•The problem affects the child’s future ability to learn and do
•The effect depends on a number of factors like
This document provides an overview of cerebral palsy, including its definition, causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, nursing considerations, complications, and educational options. Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders caused by damage to the developing brain that affects movement and posture. The main types are spastic, dyskinetic, and mixed. Treatment involves rehabilitation, physical/occupational therapy, medications, and assistive devices to improve function and independence. Nursing focuses on meeting physical, educational and psychosocial needs.
This document discusses the management of cerebral palsy from a multidisciplinary approach. Cerebral palsy is a group of non-inherited disorders caused by damage to the motor region of the brain, impairing voluntary muscle control. Treatment requires a coordinated effort from specialists like pediatricians, surgeons, therapists and psychologists. While cerebral palsy cannot be cured, early and comprehensive treatment can improve capabilities and quality of life. The long-term prognosis depends on the severity of symptoms, but supportive care helps many improve motor skills and functioning over time.
This document discusses evidence based recent research on play and children with cerebral palsy (CP). It provides information on CP, including that it is a motor function disorder caused by permanent brain damage. It describes the types and causes of CP and discusses associated problems. The document outlines assessments and treatments for CP, including physical, occupational and speech therapies. It defines play, discusses the benefits of play for children with CP, and describes different types of toys that can be used to facilitate play.
This document discusses physical handicap in children, specifically cerebral palsy. It defines cerebral palsy as a permanent condition resulting from brain lesions before, during, or after birth. Common symptoms include motor dysfunction and spasticity. Risk factors include prematurity and infections. Treatment involves physiotherapy, occupational therapy, bracing, and assistive devices to improve mobility and prevent deformities, with the overall goals of maximizing function and community integration. Rehabilitation requires a team approach and family education to help the child develop skills and parents adjust to the disability.
This document provides an overview of cerebral palsy (CP), including its history, causes, risk factors, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and the potential role of kinesio taping in rehabilitation. CP is a non-progressive brain injury that causes movement disorders. It can be caused by problems before, during, or after birth. Treatment is non-curative and focuses on rehabilitation, physical therapy, medications, and surgery to improve function and prevent complications. Kinesio taping is a rehabilitation technique that may help improve motor skills in children with CP, but more research is needed on its effectiveness.
Progeria is an extremely rare genetic condition where children age rapidly, experiencing many signs of aging at a very early age. It affects about 1 in 4-8 million births. The main symptoms include baldness, wrinkled skin, joint stiffness, loss of body fat and muscle, and cardiovascular problems. Average life expectancy is 13 years. While there is no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms and slow progression, such as low-dose aspirin, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Progeria is caused by a genetic mutation and provides insight into normal human aging processes.
Friedreich's ataxia is a rare, inherited, degenerative disease that affects the nervous and cardiac systems. It is caused by a mutation in the FXN gene that reduces production of the protein frataxin. Symptoms vary but commonly include loss of coordination, muscle weakness, scoliosis, heart problems. While there is no cure, managing stress, maintaining social support networks, and proactive coping strategies can help delay progression. Research is ongoing for new treatments through organizations like the Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance.
This document provides information about counseling for children with cerebral palsy. It begins with defining cerebral palsy as a group of nonprogressive conditions that cause physical disability due to damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain. It then discusses the various causes of cerebral palsy, types including spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed, signs and symptoms, speech and language challenges, treatments such as medications, therapies and surgeries, and the importance of counseling for families dealing with the diagnosis. Counseling can help families cope with the challenges and adjust to caring for a child with cerebral palsy by providing information, support, and allowing them to express emotions about the diagnosis.
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affects movement and posture and is caused by injury to the developing brain. It causes muscle tightness and involuntary movements that can range from mild to severe. Common signs in infants include problems with sucking, swallowing, and unusual positions of the body. While there is no cure for cerebral palsy, treatments like physical therapy, medication, and surgery can help improve symptoms and quality of life. The most common types of cerebral palsy are spastic, which causes muscle tightness, and athetoid, which causes involuntary movements.
This document discusses cerebral palsy (CP), including its causes, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that the brain differentiates in the first trimester and neurons develop in the second trimester. CP is a non-progressive motor disorder that can range from mild impairment to complete dependence. Treatment is multidisciplinary and includes physical, occupational, speech and recreational therapies, orthopedic surgery, medications and assistive devices to improve function and prevent complications.
The document discusses developmental disabilities and physical disabilities. It defines developmental disabilities as conditions that begin in the developmental period and last throughout life, causing difficulties with language, mobility, learning, and independent living. Physical disabilities are categorized into musculoskeletal, neuromusculoskeletal, and include conditions like cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and acquired brain injuries. The document also covers signs of dying, leading causes of death, and provides some statistics.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture due to abnormal brain development or brain damage. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood. The symptoms of CP can range from mild, such as walking awkwardly, to more severe, where special equipment is needed or the person cannot walk at all. While the symptoms may change over a person's lifetime, CP does not get worse. CP can be caused before, during, or after birth from issues like infection, lack of oxygen, or head injury. The type and severity of CP depends on which areas of the brain are affected.
This presentation provides an overview of cerebral palsy in children. It defines cerebral palsy as a permanent disorder of movement and posture caused by a non-progressive brain injury early in development. The main types of cerebral palsy are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and hypotonic. Risk factors include preterm birth and infections during pregnancy. Treatment is multidisciplinary and includes therapies to improve motor skills and function.
MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN part 1.pptxVanessa Ferrer
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that is more common in children under 5. It develops when a bacterial infection spreads to the bone, usually from the blood. Symptoms include fever, pain, and swelling near the infected bone. Treatment involves IV and oral antibiotics, as well as pain management. Surgery is rarely needed in children.
Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease that causes progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass over time. The most common type in boys is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which appears in early childhood and causes trouble walking, running, and rising from seated positions. There is no cure, but therapy and assistive devices can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Abby Jones completed a 180-hour health science internship split between two physical therapy clinics. At Kidnetics pediatric physical therapy clinic, she helped with therapy sessions, stocked supplies, entertained patients, and conducted a case study and research project. Her internship at University Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine focused on therapeutic exercises, modalities like laser therapy, and use of equipment like the AlterG treadmill. Overall, the internship experiences reinforced her interest in physical therapy and sports medicine.
The patient underwent ACL reconstruction and meniscal repair surgery using a patellar tendon graft. At 10 weeks post-op, she was experiencing pain when ascending/descending stairs or weight bearing for long periods. Physical therapy is focusing on strengthening, proprioception, and functional exercises to address deficits and meet goals of returning to prior activity levels without pain. Progress includes increased strength and range of motion but some pain with stairs remains.
Abby Jones completed a 180-hour health science internship split between two physical therapy clinics. She spent 90 hours at Kidnetics, a pediatric physical therapy clinic, where she gained experience in that setting for the first time. Her other 90 hours were at University Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, where she worked with college students and gained experience relevant to her interest in working with athletes. At both clinics she aided therapists, observed treatments, learned techniques, completed case studies and research projects, and performed various administrative duties. The internship provided valuable experience that prepared her for physical therapy school and future career.
Abby Jones completed a 180-hour health science internship split between two physical therapy clinics. She spent 90 hours at Kidnetics, a pediatric physical therapy clinic, where she had various responsibilities including assisting with exercises, entertaining patients, cleaning, and conducting a research project. Her other 90 hours were at UPTSM on the Clemson University campus working with students and athletes. There she learned different treatment modalities, applied therapeutic exercises, used equipment like the AlterG treadmill, and assisted with administrative duties. She conducted case studies on patients at both clinics.
The document summarizes the student's 180-hour health science internship that was completed at two physical therapy clinics. They spent 90 hours at Kidnetics, a pediatric physical therapy clinic, where they helped with therapy sessions, cleaned equipment, and aided children with exercises. They also conducted case studies and research projects. Their other 90 hours were at UPTSM clinic working with athletes and learning treatment modalities like LASER therapy. Overall, the internship experience reinforced the student's interest in physical therapy and sports medicine.
Redcord therapy is a suspension therapy developed in the 1990s that uses bungee cords to support a patient's body weight while performing exercises. This allows strengthening and rehabilitation while preventing pain and compensation. Redcord has benefits like improved movement control, balance, and muscle coordination. Research shows Redcord is effective for many populations and conditions by reactivating the neuromuscular system in a pain-free manner. Physical therapists can create customized Redcord plans and monitor progress toward treating the underlying causes of pain and dysfunction.
Monica Ann Coode underwent ACL reconstruction and meniscal repair surgery using a patella tendon graft. She is now 10 weeks post-op and undergoing physical therapy to address functional deficits. Her goals include returning to prior level of function without pain or limitations like jogging and snow tubing. Treatment has focused on strengthening, proprioception, and neuromuscular re-education. As she progresses past the initial healing phase, her therapy is focusing on single leg exercises, plyometrics, and sports-specific movements to fully recover.
Hydrocephalus is caused by an accumulation of cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. It can be congenital or acquired through events like hemorrhage or brain tumors. Shunt systems are commonly used to treat hydrocephalus by diverting CSF from the ventricles to the abdominal cavity through a series of catheters and a pressure-regulating valve. However, shunts have high failure rates, requiring multiple revision surgeries. Alternatives like endoscopic third ventriculostomy may help in some cases but have lower success rates than shunts, especially in infants.
This informational interview summarizes the career of a physical therapist working at an outpatient physical therapy clinic specializing in spine treatment. Some key points discussed include the importance of qualities like a strong work ethic and interpersonal skills for success. Alternative career paths in physical therapy include various clinical settings or moving into teaching. Current hot issues include reimbursement rates and the expansion of direct access to physical therapists. Both the challenges of unmotivated patients and rewards of helping patients achieve their goals are discussed.
This document summarizes an informational interview with Jenna Bartsokas, a physical therapist. Some key points include:
- Important qualities for success in physical therapy include strong work ethic, willingness to learn, flexibility, humility, and interpersonal skills.
- Physical therapy careers include staff clinician, director of therapy, or professor.
- Hot issues are reimbursement rates and direct access to physical therapists without physician referrals.
- Most challenging part is treating unmotivated patients; most rewarding is seeing pain-free or improved patients.
This document discusses research on pursuing a career in physical therapy. It provides an overview of the role of physical therapists, the history and growth of the field, prerequisites and requirements for physical therapy school, costs of programs, salaries and job prospects. The author expresses their interest in physical therapy and why they are a good fit, specifically their experience in collegiate athletics and desire to take a holistic approach working with athletes through injury rehabilitation.
This document discusses research on pursuing a career in physical therapy. It provides an overview of the role of physical therapists, the history and growth of the field, prerequisites and requirements for physical therapy school, costs of programs, salaries and job prospects, and reasons why the author is a good fit. Physical therapists help patients prevent or recover from injury and increase mobility through treatment plans. The field has grown significantly due to factors like an aging population and is projected to continue growing.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
3. Patient History
Birth date: January 2, 2012
Hospital: GHS
Brody is a triplet and was born at 28 weeks and 5 days.
Brody was in the NICU at GHS for 5 months and was discharged to go home May 29, 2012
Age: 5 years old
Brody was born with retinopathy of prematurity and a lot of his diagnoses come from his visual
deficits. Brody also had necrotizing enterocolitis, which is found in 1 in 5 preemies, when he was
born. He is fed through a G-tube.
On June 20, 2016 Brody had a status/posed bilateral VDRO (Varus Derotation Osteotomy) and
Dega Osteotomy.
4. Patient History
Brody attends school at the Washington Center at Hollis. There he sees PT, OT, and speech.
Some of Brody’s favorite things to do are being outside and in the pool. He loves to listen, especially to
a good story. He likes music (every once in a while you can catch Peter playing him some ACDC).
Brody has a great sense of humor. He laughs at jokes right on cue. He also loves birds. He has two
birds at school named Carlos and Lucy that sit in his chair with him.
Brody communicates through his eyes, his smile, by kicking, and by the noises he makes. You will know
when he likes something and when he does not like something. In speech, they are working on pairing
auditory sounds and visual cues. He can light up a room with his laugh and smile.
Things that tend to bother Brody are when we stretch his hips. If he is not ready or warmed up for this,
he will typically grimace. He will let you know through that grimace, or by making it pretty difficult for
you to do the movement. He also is not fond of PA systems.
5.
6. Developmental Milestones
Children at the age of 5 should be reaching age-appropriate gross motor skills/ developmental
milestones including:
Standing on one foot for at least 10 seconds
Walking on a balance beam
Hopping forward on one foot
Catches tennis sized ball
Somersaults
Throws at a target
Propels self on swing
Can possibly skip
8. Cerebral Palsy
Neurological Disorder
Etiology: non-progressive brain injury or malformation
This typically occurs while the brain is still developing, but can also occur before birth, during birth (10% of cases), or
directly after birth
CP effects body movement and muscle coordination along with muscle tone, posture, reflex, control, and balance
The extent of the disorder varies from person to person
Other complications can be associated with CP such as:
Intellectual impairment
Seizures
Vision or hearing impairments
86% have oral motor dysfunction involving swallowing, breathing, and communicating
9. Cerebral Palsy
Diagnosing cerebral palsy can take from 3-5 years (the brain needs to be fully developed to
diagnose)
Cerebral Palsy can be classified in many different ways including:
Severity Level– mild, moderate, severe
Topographical Distribution– plagia/paresis– quadriplegic, diplegic, hemiplegic
Motor Function- spastic (70-80% of CP cases), non-spastic (20% of cases)
Muscle Tone- hypertonia (stiff, generally associated with spastic motor function), hypotonia (floppy,
generally associated with non-spastic motor function)
Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)- Levels I-V
10. Spastic vs. Non-Spastic
Spastic (pyramidal)- increased muscle tone; two groups of fibers are involved with voluntary
movements. These fibers run from the cortex to the brainstem. Generally, they are accountable
for communicating the brains intent for movement to the nerves in the spinal cord that then
stimulate the event. The muscles are continually contracted in kids with spastic CP making their
arms and legs stiff, rigid, and resistant to flexing and/or extending. Their movements are jerky
and awkward. The injury occurs at the pyramidal tract in the brain and is known as upper motor
neuron damage.
Non-Spastic (extrapyramidal)- decreased or fluctuating muscle tone. Non-spastic CP can be
characterized by involuntary movements, which stress can worsen. These movements can be
slow or fast and can also be repetitive or rhythmic. The injury occurs outside the pyramidal tract
in places like the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum.
Mixed- characterized by some limbs being affected by spasticity and some by athetosis.
11. Athetosis
Athetosis is distinguished by problems with posture and movements such as wide-ranged,
uncontrolled movements. This can be associated with spastic cerebral palsy.
Children with athetosis generally cannot sit, walk, talk, or hold onto objects. With that being said,
these children have above-average intelligence, with or without learning disabilities.
Common characteristics of children with athetosis:
Moving the head and eyes to one side to facilitate movement in the body
Total flexion and total extension
Large, fast movements with the head turned to one size
Non-verbal
12. Hypertonia
This is the largest group of kids with CP.
These patients are typically diagnosed with quadriplegia, diplegia, or hemiplegia.
Kids with hypertonia are known to have a wide range of abilities. Some children can be mildly
affect only having trouble with running, writing, and pronouncing certain words, but otherwise
doing most things children their age are engaging in. Others are very involved and have difficulty
holding their heads up, using their arms to reach or grasp, and making more than a few sounds.
Other characteristics include:
Stiffness
Less range of motion
Using a limited number of muscles to make movements happen
13. Goals
Peter’s goals:
Minimize hospitalizations
Minimize respiratory infections
Have Brody assist with sit to stand
Decrease respiration rate from about 24 breaths to 22 breaths for 10 consecutive measurements within two sessions
Hold vowel sounds during therapy (indirectly indicative of respiratory function)
Preserve range of motion and strength
Go from sit to stand with 30 degrees of flexion in the knees and push up to full extension 10x
Family goals:
Get stronger where he can
For Brody to be able to assist with movement/transfers as he gets older and bigger
Concerning surgery, recover without having strength and stretching set backs
14.
15.
16. Treatment Plan
After undergoing the hip surgery, Brody was referred to physical therapy by his doctor at Shriners
Hospital for Children for purposes involving range of motion, bed mobility, strength, balance, and
standing in a stander.
Peter has worked with Brody in both the pool and on land. The pool is just so beneficial because of the
heated water. The warmth is more therapeutic as his stiff muscles are looser, his joints feel better, and
the stretches and ranging aren’t as painful for him. Things that Brody grimaced at on land, did not
bother him at all in the pool.
The pool also challenges the respiratory system. It is harder for him to breathe in the pool because of the
pressure the water places on the lungs.
The pool can also help facilitate movement as it is a movable environment. (reciprocal movements)
We work a lot to maintain flexibility, increase strength, he rides the adaptive bike at school, works with
the stander and the gait trainer which are utilized to give him some weight bearing
17. Treatment Plan: Land
Scar tissue massaging
Scars limit his respiration because of severity
Joint mobilization
Weight shifts
Standing
Sitting
Sit to stand transitions
Using AFOs and knee immobilizers
Began standing for 10+ seconds
Stretching
Stretch the trunk- loosens up the respiratory system helping him breathe
Thoracic rotation in extension
Decrease in breathes per minute by the end of the session
45 breaths per minute to 33 breaths per minute
Maintain flexibility and range of motion
Adaptive bike
18.
19. Treatment Plan: Pool
Scar tissue massaging
Joint mobilizations
Strength- preventing atrophy
Kicking- moving against resistance of the water
Reciprocal movements
Pushing off
Sit to stand transitions
Stretching- maintain flexibility and range of motion
20.
21. Progress Evaluation
Since Brody is a case of spastic quadriplegia and is really involved, we will see relatively small
progress. With that being said, we would not use something like the GMFM to evaluate.
Instead, Peter uses things like evaluating his kicking, whether or not he got sick for the quarter,
and how he does/helps with sit to stand to justify his continued therapy. Though things in this
nature might have miniscule significance in the GMFM, it has great significance to mom, the
family, and Peter.
One big take-aways I had during my internship is that with patients that are as involved as Brody
was that you might not see a lot of progress in these patients, but if you can keep them or their
impairments from getting worse, that is a win.
GMFCS Level V – severe head and trunk control limitations. Requires extensive use of assisted technology and physical assistance; and transported in a manual wheelchair, unless self-mobility can be achieved by learning to operate a powered wheelchair.
Brain damage or malformations:
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) – damage to the white matter of the brain tissue
Intracranial hemorrhage (IVH) – brain hemorrhage
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) or intrapartum asphyxia – lack of oxygen to the brain (asphyxia)
Cerebral dysgenesis – brain malformation or abnormal brain development
Insurance and diagnosis
muscle tone and how muscles work together. Proper muscle tone when bending an arm requires the bicep to contract and the triceps to relax. When muscle tone is impaired, muscles do not work together and can even work in opposition to one another.
Spasticity implies increased muscle tone. Muscles continually contract, making limbs stiff, rigid, and resistant to flexing or relaxing. Reflexes can be exaggerated, while movements tend to be jerky and awkward. Often, the arms and legs are affected. The tongue, mouth, and pharynx can be affected, as well, impairing speech, eating, breathing, and swallowing.
The GMFCS is a universal classification system applicable to all forms of Cerebral Palsy. Using GMFCS helps determine the surgeries, treatments, therapies, and assistive technology likely to result in the best outcome for a child.
The GMFCS addresses the goal set by organizations such as the World Health Organization, or WHO, and the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe, or SCPE, which advocate for a universal classification system that focuses on what a child can accomplish, as opposed to the limitations imposed by his or her impairments.
The GMFCS uses head control, movement transition, walking, and gross motor skills such as running, jumping, and navigating inclined or uneven surfaces to define a child’s accomplishment level. The goal is to present an idea of how self-sufficient a child can be at home, at school, and at outdoor and indoor venues.
The 12-Step Diagnostic Process entails the following steps:
Step 1: Parental Observation
Step 2: Clinical Observations
Step 3: Motor Skill Development Analysis
Step 4: Medical History Review
Step 5: Documenting Associative Conditions, Co-Mitigating Factors, and Ruling-Out Other Conditions
Step 6: Obtaining Test Results
Step 7: Diagnosis
Step 8: Obtaining a Second Opinion
Step 9: Determining Cause
Step 10: Care Team Assembly
Step 11: Care Plan Creation
Step 12: Embracing a Life with Cerebral Palsy
Functional
objective
Spastic, hypertonic movement
C-diff
Things that Brody wouldn’t be able to do, he could do in a pool
The pool is fun and motivating for the kids as they get so excited just in their anticipation of the pool.
Strength- prevent atrophy
Aqua Therapy:
Benefits of water therapy include:
Provides resistance
Encourages a wider range of movement and opposition
Alleviates stress and tension
Reduces pain and tension in muscles and joints
Protects against injury
Improves cardiovascular conditioning since the heart pumps more blood per beat when body is submerged in water
Decreases post exercise discomfort
alking in water provides more than 10 times more resistance than walking on land, which means an aquatic therapy patient receives the benefit of deep, intense exercises while in a soothing and comforting environment.