Research question, Research methods as a toolbox, Reliability and validity, Open vs. closed research designs, Grounded theory, Interventionist vs. observational research, Having multiple research questions and methods, Triangulation and methodological overlap
Understanding The Sampling Design (Part-II)DrShalooSaini
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This Power Point Presentation has been made while referring to the research books written by eminent, renowned and expert authors as mentioned in the references section. The purpose of this Presentation is to help the research students in developing an insight about the Sampling Design(Part-II).
Understanding The Sampling Design (Part-II)DrShalooSaini
Â
This Power Point Presentation has been made while referring to the research books written by eminent, renowned and expert authors as mentioned in the references section. The purpose of this Presentation is to help the research students in developing an insight about the Sampling Design(Part-II).
Definition
A procedure used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data.
This is done due to the fact that it is believed that both types of studies will provided a clearer understanding of what is being studied.
âIt consists of merging ,integrating ,linking ,or embedding the two âstrandsââ(Ceswell,2012).
TRACK 9. A world of digital competences: mobile apps, e-citizenship and computacional systems as learning tools
Authors: MÂȘ Cruz SĂĄnchez-GĂłmez, Ana Iglesias-RodrĂguez and Antonio VĂctor MartĂn-GarcĂa.
https://youtu.be/nty59cG4oqA
A presentation about the added value of combining qualitative and quantitative methods. It begins with a brief discussion of qualitative research and how it is distinct from yet shares basic principles with quantitative research, followed by a discussion of four important ways mixed methods -- integrating qualitative and quantitative -- adds value to our research efforts, and then a discussion of mixed methods research -- what it is, typologies, alternatives to typologies, and the use of diagrams.
Developing of climate data for building simulation with future weather condit...Rasmus Madsen
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Today, climate models are used frequently to describe past, current or future climate conditions in par-ticular building simulation. A research study of how future climate change will affect the future indoor environment and buildings energy use in a Danish context has been conducted. To fulfil this research study, information of how climate models are developed are needed as well. The research study includes an objective descriptive approach from both Danish and global research of the given topic. The gathered information from the publications is evaluated with respect to indicators for the quality of the journals as well as the authors. The method used for development of the Danish design reference year, is not clear, and to have a full knowledge of how the climate change will affect building simulation in a Danish context, further research is needed. This research for development of a new Danish weather file will require both a descriptive and analytical research.
Definition
A procedure used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data.
This is done due to the fact that it is believed that both types of studies will provided a clearer understanding of what is being studied.
âIt consists of merging ,integrating ,linking ,or embedding the two âstrandsââ(Ceswell,2012).
TRACK 9. A world of digital competences: mobile apps, e-citizenship and computacional systems as learning tools
Authors: MÂȘ Cruz SĂĄnchez-GĂłmez, Ana Iglesias-RodrĂguez and Antonio VĂctor MartĂn-GarcĂa.
https://youtu.be/nty59cG4oqA
A presentation about the added value of combining qualitative and quantitative methods. It begins with a brief discussion of qualitative research and how it is distinct from yet shares basic principles with quantitative research, followed by a discussion of four important ways mixed methods -- integrating qualitative and quantitative -- adds value to our research efforts, and then a discussion of mixed methods research -- what it is, typologies, alternatives to typologies, and the use of diagrams.
Developing of climate data for building simulation with future weather condit...Rasmus Madsen
Â
Today, climate models are used frequently to describe past, current or future climate conditions in par-ticular building simulation. A research study of how future climate change will affect the future indoor environment and buildings energy use in a Danish context has been conducted. To fulfil this research study, information of how climate models are developed are needed as well. The research study includes an objective descriptive approach from both Danish and global research of the given topic. The gathered information from the publications is evaluated with respect to indicators for the quality of the journals as well as the authors. The method used for development of the Danish design reference year, is not clear, and to have a full knowledge of how the climate change will affect building simulation in a Danish context, further research is needed. This research for development of a new Danish weather file will require both a descriptive and analytical research.
Sociological Research Methods- Qualitative and quantitativeSameena Siddique
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This detailed presentation includes different research methods involved in social sciences. It gives a wonderful account of the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods.
This presentation provides novice researchers with basic distinctions on research methodology and on the theoretical frameworks that are available for conducting sound and grounded research.
Selecting Empirical Methods for Software EngineeringDaniel Cukier
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Presentation on how to write good Master and PhD dissertations.
Empirical Methods, Software Engineering, science, computer science, software, methods, positivism, epistemology, onthology, construtivism, critical theory, pragmatism, case study, research action, ethnography
Interventionist-methods - Methods in user-technology studiesAntti Salovaara
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Where researcher sets up different conditions of action to see how it affects humansâ behaviour: Experimental (lab) research, Quasi-experimentation, Wizard-of-Oz simulations, Usability evaluations,
Field trials, Research through design approach
Observational methods - Methods in User-Technology StudiesAntti Salovaara
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Methods where userâs behaviour is not intentionally affected:
Ethnography, Digital ethnography, (Participatory) observation, Contextual inquiry, Conversation / interaction analysis
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
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Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other  chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released. Â
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules -Â a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.Â
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to âburnâ the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP.  Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.Â
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.Â
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 â 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : Â cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leberâs hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendelâs laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four Oâclock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called âsmallâ because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
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Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.Â
 Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
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Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), NiĆĄ, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana LuĂsa Pinho
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Ioâs surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Ioâs trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Ioâs surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Broad concepts - Methods in User-Technology Studies
1. Antti Salovaara
Aalto University, School of Business
22 January 2015
Methods in UserâTechnology Studies
Broad concepts
13.45 â 14.30
2. Broad concepts
Research question
Methods as a toolbox
Reliability and validity
Research designs (open vs closed)
Grounded theory
Interventionist vs observational research
Multiple research questions and methods
Triangulation & methodological overlap
3. Deciding the research question
RQ
Methods
Research
setting
Practical
realizability
Literature
and trends RQ
4. Every study has a research question
Grounded theory:
âDoes setting X have something interesting?â
Ethnographic field study:
âHow will the participants collaborate in context X?â
Field trial:
âWill a system with a feature X lead to some interesting user
behaviours?â
Controlled experiment:
âDoes X lead to a higher effect than Yâ?â
5. Research question determines the methods
RQ
Methods
Research
setting
Practical
realizability
Literature
and trends
Method 2Method 1
RQ Methods as a âtoolboxâ:
Always choose the best method(s)
for your research question!
6. Evaluating which methods to choose
Validity:
Does this method really
measure what Iâm
interested about?
Reliability:
How accurate is the
method?
Do the participants
act naturally if Iâm
present?
Observation:
Will I observe
enough
representative
situations with good
quality?
Interviewing:
Are the participants
willing and able to
tell the truth?
How can I make the
informants tell rich
stories?
7. Research designs (open vs closed)
Open Closed
Grounded
theory
(research
focus and
question
develops
iteratively)
Controlled
experiments
(research
question
determined
in advance
e.g., as a
testable
hypothesis)
Kramer et al
(PNAS 2014)
ânaturalistic
field
experimentâ
Mackay
(ACM TOCHI
1999)
âopen-ended
ethnographic
field studyâ
Muller et al
(CHI2004)
âopen-ended
field trialâ
Observational Interventionist
8. Research designs (open vs closed)
Open Closed
Grounded
theory
(research
focus and
question
develops
iteratively)
Controlled
experiments
(research
question
determined
in advance
e.g., as a
testable
hypothesis)
Kramer et al
(PNAS 2014)
ânaturalistic
field
experimentâ
Mackay
(ACM TOCHI
2000)
âopen-ended
ethnographic
field studyâ
Muller et al
(CHI2004)
âopen-ended
field trialâ
Observational Interventionist
9. Grounded theory
Best suited for open, observational studies
No predefined research focus or question
Heavily data-driven analysis
Open, axial, selective coding
Ideally: Alteration of analysis and data
collection
Constant comparative method:
Formulation of hypotheses and testing them with
theoretical sampling of more data
Glaser &
Strauss (1967)
Strauss &
Corbin (1990)
10. Research designs (open vs closed)
Open Closed
Grounded
theory
(research
focus and
question
develops
iteratively)
Controlled
experiments
(research
question
determined
in advance
e.g., as a
testable
hypothesis)
Kramer et al
(PNAS 2014)
ânaturalistic
field
experimentâ
Mackay
(ACM TOCHI
2000)
âopen-ended
ethnographic
field studyâ
Muller et al
(CHI2004)
âopen-ended
field trialâ
Observational Interventionist
11. Research designs (open vs closed)
Open Closed
Grounded
theory
(research
focus and
question
develops
iteratively)
Controlled
experiments
(research
question
determined
in advance
e.g., as a
testable
hypothesis)
Kramer et al
(PNAS 2014)
ânaturalistic
field
experimentâ
Mackay
(ACM TOCHI
2000)
âopen-ended
ethnographic
field studyâ
Muller et al
(CHI2004)
âopen-ended
field trialâ
Observational Interventionist
12. Controlled experiments
âDoes X increase Y?â
âDoes X increase Y more than Z does?â
âControlledâ =
All factors other than X (i.e., ânuisance variablesâ) are removed
from the research setting
Requires usually a lab setting
Typical in psychology and natural sciences
13. How each statistical method has a purpose
of answering a particular kind of quwstion:
https://www.uvm.edu/~dhowell/methods8/
Errata/DecisionTree.jpg
14. Research designs (open vs closed)
Open Closed
Grounded
theory
(research
focus and
question
develops
iteratively)
Controlled
experiments
(research
question
determined
in advance
e.g., as a
testable
hypothesis)
Kramer et al
(PNAS 2014)
ânaturalistic
field
experimentâ
Mackay
(ACM TOCHI
2000)
âopen-ended
ethnographic
field studyâ
Muller et al
(CHI2004)
âopen-ended
field trialâ
Observational Interventionist
15. Research designs (open vs closed)
Open Closed
Grounded
theory
(research
focus and
question
develops
iteratively)
Controlled
experiments
(research
question
determined
in advance
e.g., as a
testable
hypothesis)
Kramer et al
(PNAS 2014)
ânaturalistic
field
experimentâ
Mackay
(ACM TOCHI
2000)
âopen-ended
ethnographic
field studyâ
Muller et al
(CHI2004)
âopen-ended
field trialâ
Observational Interventionist
16. Observational vs. interventionist studies
Observational: studying natural action
Researcher affects the research setting as little as possible
Benefit: High ecological validity
Risk: Collecting a messy set of individual observations without any
overall pattern
Interventionist: studying specific phenomena
Researcher carefully introduces changes in the setting (i.e.,
âintervenesâ), to foreground interesting user behaviours
Benefit: Focusedness increases the amount of analysable data
Risks: Limited ecological validity, intervention does does not
foreground interesting behaviour
17. Examples of intervention techniques
Trialing
Asking the participants use a system that researchers have (at
least partly) designed and where certain features have been
foregrounded
Setting selection
E.g., arranging the study in a setting where the actions of interest
are frequent
Repetition
E.g., asking the participant perform the same task several times
Stabilizing
Removing nuisance variables that would threaten firm conclusions
18. Having multiple RQs and methods
âŠis a good idea.
Humans and research contexts are unpredictable
=> All userâtechnology studies have a high likelihood of
failure:
Participants donât do anything interesting
(wrong RQ, i.e., a literatureâRQ error)
Participants do something interesting, and you have data about it,
but your data is not convincing (wrong method, i.e., RQâmethod
error)
You donât get enough data (wrong method)
Etc
19. Triangulation and redundancy
Data from
method 2
Data from
method 1
RQ
Methodological triangulation:
Studying the same question with
two independent methods
1. Interviews and system logs
2. Your and somebody elseâs data
Redundancy:
Data from
method 2
Data from
method 1
RQ
Studying the same
question with
overlapping methods
Interviews and a diary
20. Other forms of triangulation
Method 2Method 1
RQ
Fielding &
Fielding (1986)
Methodological Theoretical
Theory 2Theory 1
RQ
Data
Context 2Context 1
RQ
Denzin (1978)
Investigator
Researcher
2
Researcher
1
RQ
22. A âwar storyâ before coffee
(14.30-14.45)?
âWar storiesâ:
see Julian Orr (1996):
Talking about machines:
An ethnography of a modern job
23. Study on programmersâ instant messaging
RQ
Methods
Research
setting
Practical
realizability
Literature
and trends RQ
Starting point: 16,000 messages and 4 visits to Friday meetings
Content analysis
What is being
communicated?
Practical
realizability
Knowledge
management
Developers helping
each other
Knowledge
management
with IM
Developers helping
each other in a rapidly
changing environment
1.⯠What is being
communicated?
2.⯠Does IM support
knowledge sharing?
Developers sharing
ephemeral knowledge
(ephK)
Knowledge
sharing with
IM
Knowledge
sharing
mechanisms
Content classification
Outomes: 1. identification of new knowledge category (ephK); 2. sharing of
ephK through IM is poorly captured in existing KSM frameworks
Content classification
Mapping to KSM frameworks
Sharing direction analysis
Salovaara & Tuunainen (ICIS2013)
25. References
Denzin, N. K. (1978). Sociological Methods: A
Sourcebook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Fielding, N. G. & Fielding, J. L. (1986). Linking
Data. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The
Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for
Qualitative Research. New Brunswick, NJ:
Transaction Publishers.
Kramer, A. D. I., Guillory, J. E., & Hancock, J. T.
(2014). Experimental evidence of massive-scale
emotional contagion through social networks.
Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 111(24), 8788â8790.
Mackay, W. E. (1999). Is paper safer? The role of
paper flight strips in air traffic control. ACM
Transactions on ComputerâHuman Interaction,
6(4), 311--340.
Muller, M. J., Geyer, W., Brownholtz, B., Wilcox,
E., & Millen, D. R. (2004). One-hundred days in
an activity-centric collaboration environment
based on shared objects. In Proceedings of the
SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems (CHI 2004) (pp. 375â382).
New York, NY: ACM Press.
Orr, J. E. (1996). Talking about Machines: An
Ethnography of a Modern Job. Ithaca, NY: ILR
Press.
Salovaara, A. & Tuunainen, V. K. (2013).
Software developers' online chat as an intra-firm
mechanism for sharing ephemeral knowledge. In
Proceedings of the Thirty Fourth International
Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013).
Strauss, A. L. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of
Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory
Procedures and Techniques. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.