Brinkley13 ppt ch17

Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,
AMERICANAMERICAN
HISTORY 13/eHISTORY 13/e
Chapter Seventeen:Chapter Seventeen:
Industrial SupremacyIndustrial Supremacy

 IntroductionIntroduction
 Transformation of the National EconomyTransformation of the National Economy
Smokestacks
(Royalty-Free / CORBIS)
2

 Sources of Industrial GrowthSources of Industrial Growth
– Industrial TechnologiesIndustrial Technologies
 New Steel Production TechniquesNew Steel Production Techniques
 Fed. Govt. SupportFed. Govt. Support
 Penn. & OhioPenn. & Ohio
 PittsburghPittsburgh
 Rise of theRise of the
Petroleum IndustryPetroleum Industry
 PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
Pioneer Oil Run, 1865
(Library of Congress)
3

– The Airplane and the AutomobileThe Airplane and the Automobile
 Henry FordHenry Ford
 Internal Combustion Engine-1870sInternal Combustion Engine-1870s
 Gettfried DaimlerGettfried Daimler
 EuropeEurope
The Wright Brothers
4

– Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development
 Corporate Research andCorporate Research and
DevelopmentDevelopment
 Transformation ofTransformation of
Higher EducationHigher Education
5
Thomas Edison

– The Science of ProductionThe Science of Production
 ““Taylorism”Taylorism”
 Moving Assembly LineMoving Assembly Line
 Interchangeable Parts-FordInterchangeable Parts-Ford
 Ford Model T- $290!Ford Model T- $290!
– Railroad ExpansionRailroad Expansion
 Rapid Expansion of the RailroadRapid Expansion of the Railroad
 America’s Largest BusinessAmerica’s Largest Business
 Govt. SubsidizedGovt. Subsidized
 Corporate Form of OrganizationCorporate Form of Organization
 Concentrated Economic PowerConcentrated Economic Power
6

Railroads, 1870-1890
7

– The CorporationThe Corporation
 Limited LiabilityLimited Liability
 Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie
 New Managerial TechniquesNew Managerial Techniques
8
Andrew Carnegie
(Portrait Gallery)

– Consolidating Corporate AmericaConsolidating Corporate America
 Horizontal and Vertical IntegrationHorizontal and Vertical Integration
 Carnegie SteelCarnegie Steel
 Rockefeller’s Standard OilRockefeller’s Standard Oil
 Oil Empire/MonopolyOil Empire/Monopoly
 Great “Curse”-Cutthroat CompetitionGreat “Curse”-Cutthroat Competition
9

– The Trust and the Holding CompanyThe Trust and the Holding Company
 The Trust AgreementThe Trust Agreement
 Rapid Corporate ConsolidationRapid Corporate Consolidation
 1% of Business Controlling 1/3 of Manufacturing1% of Business Controlling 1/3 of Manufacturing
J.P. Morgan
(Portrait Gallery)
10

 Capitalism and Its CriticsCapitalism and Its Critics
– The “Self-Made Man”The “Self-Made Man”
 Myth of the Self-Made ManMyth of the Self-Made Man
Cornelius Vanderbilt
(Portrait Gallery)
11

– Survival of the FittestSurvival of the Fittest
 Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
 Equal Opportunity CapitalismEqual Opportunity Capitalism
 Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer
 Justifying the Status QuoJustifying the Status Quo
““The growth of a large business isThe growth of a large business is
merely the survival of the fittest.”merely the survival of the fittest.”
John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller
12

– The Gospel of WealthThe Gospel of Wealth
 Russell ConwellRussell Conwell
 Horatio AlgerHoratio Alger
 Value of Personal CharacterValue of Personal Character
– Alternative VisionsAlternative Visions
 Lester Frank WardLester Frank Ward
 Henry GeorgeHenry George
 Looking BackwardLooking Backward
13
““This association ofThis association of
poverty with progress ispoverty with progress is
the great enigma of ourthe great enigma of our
times.”times.”
Henry GeorgeHenry George

– The Problems of MonopolyThe Problems of Monopoly
 Increasing InequalityIncreasing Inequality
14

 Industrial Workers in the New EconomyIndustrial Workers in the New Economy
– The Immigrant Work ForceThe Immigrant Work Force
 New Sources ofNew Sources of
Immigration-1870s & 1880sImmigration-1870s & 1880s
 Great BritainGreat Britain
 Northern EuropeNorthern Europe
 Heightened EthnicHeightened Ethnic
TensionsTensions
16
Inspection room at
Ellis Island, NY

– Wages and Working ConditionsWages and Working Conditions
 Loss of ControlLoss of Control
 60 Hour Work Week60 Hour Work Week
– Women and Children at WorkWomen and Children at Work
 Poorly Paid WomenPoorly Paid Women
 Child Labor IncreasedChild Labor Increased
 Ineffective Child Labor LawsIneffective Child Labor Laws
– The Struggle to UnionizeThe Struggle to Unionize
 National Labor UnionNational Labor Union
 Molly MaguiresMolly Maguires
 Militant Labor UnionMilitant Labor Union
17

– The Great Railroad StrikeThe Great Railroad Strike
 National Strike-1877National Strike-1877
 Wage CutsWage Cuts
Rutherford B. Hayes
18

– The Knights of LaborThe Knights of Labor
 Dissolution of the Knights of LaborDissolution of the Knights of Labor
 Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly
– The AFLThe AFL
 Opposition to Female EmploymentOpposition to Female Employment
 Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers
 The AFL’s AgendaThe AFL’s Agenda
 Haymarket Square Riot-1886Haymarket Square Riot-1886
 AnarchistsAnarchists
19

– The Homestead StrikeThe Homestead Strike
 Henry Clay FrickHenry Clay Frick
 The Union DefeatedThe Union Defeated
Inside the Homestead Plant
20

– The Pullman Strike-1894The Pullman Strike-1894
 Eugene DebsEugene Debs
 25% Cut in Wages25% Cut in Wages
 President Cleveland Breaks the StrikePresident Cleveland Breaks the Strike
– Sources of Labor WeaknessSources of Labor Weakness
 Shifting Nature of the Work ForceShifting Nature of the Work Force
21

Patterns of Popular Culture:Patterns of Popular Culture:
The Novels of Horatio AlgerThe Novels of Horatio Alger
22

Brinkley13 ppt ch17

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