Presentation on breastfeeding
this presentation will provide you detail about breastfeeding, how to help lactating mothers to establish breastfeeding . What are the different breastfeeding positions , Good attachment and effective suckling
To strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, sit comfortably and squeeze the muscles 10-15 times in a row. Don't hold your breath or tighten your stomach, buttock or thigh muscles at the same time. When you get used to doing pelvic floor exercises, you can try holding each squeeze for a few seconds.
When fetal head is delivered, but shoulders are stuck and cannot be delivered it is known as shoulder dystocia.
The anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind on the symphysis pubis, whilst the posterior shoulder may be in the hollow of the sacrum or high above the sacral promontory.
Uterine prolapse occurs when weakened or damaged muscles and connective tissues such as ligaments allow the uterus to drop into the vagina. Common causes include pregnancy, childbirth, hormonal changes after menopause, obesity, severe coughing and straining on the toilet.
To strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, sit comfortably and squeeze the muscles 10-15 times in a row. Don't hold your breath or tighten your stomach, buttock or thigh muscles at the same time. When you get used to doing pelvic floor exercises, you can try holding each squeeze for a few seconds.
When fetal head is delivered, but shoulders are stuck and cannot be delivered it is known as shoulder dystocia.
The anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind on the symphysis pubis, whilst the posterior shoulder may be in the hollow of the sacrum or high above the sacral promontory.
Uterine prolapse occurs when weakened or damaged muscles and connective tissues such as ligaments allow the uterus to drop into the vagina. Common causes include pregnancy, childbirth, hormonal changes after menopause, obesity, severe coughing and straining on the toilet.
Antenatal exercises aim at improving the physical and psychological well-being of an expected mother for labor and preventing pregnancy-induced pathologies by various physical means. It generally includes low impact aerobic exercises and stretching exercises.
Amniotic sac. A thin-walled sac that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. The sac is filled with liquid made by the fetus (amniotic fluid) and the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta (amnion). This protects the fetus from injury.
This is a patient education presentation. It gives a brief a description of causes of back pain during pregnancy. It also give tips for avoiding and managing back pain during pregnancy.
Search terms for the article:
Back pain in pregnancy, Lumbar pain, labour pain, back bone problems, pregnancy and back pain
Dr.A.Mohan krishna
M.s.Ortho., MCh Ortho(U.K)
Consultant Orthopedic surgeon,
Apollo Hospitals.
Vcare Multispeciality Hospital,
Apollo Clinic SR nagar,
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
complcations of third stage of labour, includes PPH, Inversion of uterus, retained placenta, placenta accreta, increta, percreta, amniotic fluid embolism
Antenatal exercises aim at improving the physical and psychological well-being of an expected mother for labor and preventing pregnancy-induced pathologies by various physical means. It generally includes low impact aerobic exercises and stretching exercises.
Amniotic sac. A thin-walled sac that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. The sac is filled with liquid made by the fetus (amniotic fluid) and the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta (amnion). This protects the fetus from injury.
This is a patient education presentation. It gives a brief a description of causes of back pain during pregnancy. It also give tips for avoiding and managing back pain during pregnancy.
Search terms for the article:
Back pain in pregnancy, Lumbar pain, labour pain, back bone problems, pregnancy and back pain
Dr.A.Mohan krishna
M.s.Ortho., MCh Ortho(U.K)
Consultant Orthopedic surgeon,
Apollo Hospitals.
Vcare Multispeciality Hospital,
Apollo Clinic SR nagar,
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
complcations of third stage of labour, includes PPH, Inversion of uterus, retained placenta, placenta accreta, increta, percreta, amniotic fluid embolism
This PPT is regarding Breast Feeding-Introduction, Definition, Anatomy of Breast, Physiology of Lactation, Hormones, Reflexes in the baby, Advantages, Contraindications, composition of Human Milk, the types of milk,Breast Feeding Positions,Breast Feeding Pattern, Good and Poor attachment of the baby.
it contains info about infant and young child feeding guidelines ,breast feeding, complementary feeding, supplementary feeding, feeding in hiv aids, ims act etc
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
1. BREASTFEEDING
Guided by – Dr.Ramesh Pawar sir Presented by- Dr.Minal Holani
Community Medicine dept MPHN 2nd Semester
GMCH Akola GMCH Akola
2. • Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a mother's breast milk to her
infant, either directly from the breast or by expressing (pumping
out) the milk from the breast .
• Breastmilk is safe, clean and contains antibodies which help protect
against many common childhood illnesses.
• The NFHS-5, National data revealed that 63.7% breastfed
exclusively during 0-6 months,45.9 % received timely
complementary feeds at 6-8 months and only 11.1% received
adequate diet during 6-23 months..
3. Initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth has increased from 9.5% in
NFHS-1(1992-93) to 41.8 % in NFHS – 5 (2015-16)
4.
5. HORMONAL CONTROL OF MILK PRODUCTION
Works before or during the feed to make
milk flow
6. • Prolactin is necessary for the secretion of milk by the cells of the alveoli.
• The prolactin level is highest about 30 minutes after the beginning of the
feed.
• Oxytocin makes the myoepithelial cells around the alveoli contract.
• The oxytocin reflex is also sometimes called the “letdown reflex” or the
“milk ejection reflex”.
• Milk production is controlled in the breast by a substance called the
feedback inhibitor of lactation, or FIL (a polypeptide), which is present in
breast milk.
7. Breast-milk composition
• Breast milk contains –
87%–88% water
about 7% (60–70 g/L) carbohydrates
1% (8–10 g/L) protein
3.8% (35–40 g/L) fat.
It contains Vitamins and minerals
Breast milk also contains immunoglobulin A
8.
9.
10. • Signs of good positioning
Baby’s head and body are in line.
Baby is held close to body.
Baby’s whole body is supported with your arm along their back.
Baby approaches breast nose to nipple, so that they come to breast from
underneath the nipple.
11. • Signs of a good latch
A comfortable experience with no pain.
More areola is visible above baby’s mouth than below.
Baby’s mouth is wide open.
Their lower lip is turned out.
Their chin is touching – or nearly touching – your breast.
• Signs of a poor latch
More of the areola is visible below the baby’s lower
lip than upper lip .
The baby’s mouth is not wide open.
The baby’s lower lip points forward or is turned
Inwards.
The baby’s chin is away from the breast.
12. • Signs of effective suckling
Baby takes slow deep suckles, sometimes pausing.
May be able to see or hear baby swallowing after one or two suckles.
Suckling is comfortable and pain free .
Baby finishes the feed, releases the breast and looks contented and relaxed.
Breast is softer after the feed.
13. • Signs of Ineffective Suckling
Baby suckle quickly all the time without swallowing.
Cheeks may be drawn in as baby suckles.
Nipple may stay stretched out as baby stops suckling.
Baby may pull away from breast out of frustation and refuse to feed.
Breast may become engorged.
14. • Step-by-step guide to latching on
1. Hold baby's whole body close with their nose at level
with your nipple.
2. Let baby's head tip back a little so that their top lip can
brush against nipple. This should help baby to make
a wide, open mouth.
3. When baby's mouth opens wide, their chin should be
able to touch breast first, with their head tipped back
so that their tongue can reach as much breast as
possible.
4. With baby's chin firmly touching breast and their nose
clear, their mouth should be wide open. Baby's cheeks
will look full and rounded as they feed.
15.
16. • CONTRAINDICATIONS TO BREASTFEEDING-
MOTHERS SHOULD NOT BREAST FEED OR SHOULD NOT FEED EBM:
Infant is diagnosed with classic galactosemia, a rare genetic metabolic
disorder
Mother has HIV
Mother is infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or type
II (HTLV – 1/2)
Mother is using an illicit drug, such as opioids, PCP (phencyclidine) or cocaine.
Mother has suspected or confirmed Ebola virus disease
17. MOTHERS SHOULD TEMPORARILY NOT BREASTFEED OR SHOULD
NOT FEED EBM:
Mother is infected with untreated brucellosis
Mother has an active Herpes simplex virus infection with lesions present
on the breast
Mother has mpox virus infection
MOTHERS SHOULD TEMPORARILY NOT BREASTFEED BUT CAN
FEED EBM:
Mother has untreated, active tuberculosis
Mother has active varicella (chicken pox) infection
18. BFHI- 10 STEPS TO BREASTFEEDING
• 1a. Comply fully with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk
Substitutes and relevant World Health Assembly resolutions.
• 1b. Have a written infant feeding policy that is routinely communicated to
staff and parents.
• 1c. Establish ongoing monitoring and data-management systems.
• 2. Ensure that staff have sufficient knowledge, competence and skills to
support breastfeeding.
• 3. Discuss the importance and management of breastfeeding with pregnant
women and their families.
• 4. Facilitate immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact and support
mothers to initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth.
19. • 5. Support mothers to initiate and maintain breastfeeding and manage
common difficulties.
• 6. Do not provide breastfed newborns any food or fluids other than breast
milk, unless medically indicated.
• 7. Enable mothers and their infants to remain together and to practise
rooming-in 24 hours a day.
• 8. Support mothers to recognize and respond to their infants’cues for
feeding.
• 9. Counsel mothers on the use and risks of feeding bottles, teats and
pacifiers.
• 10. Coordinate discharge so that parents and their infants have timely
access to ongoing support and care.
20.
21. • BREASTFEEDING IN DIFFICULT SITUATIONS
1) Low Birth Weight : Recommended fluid intake is 60ml/kg/day
and feed volume 15-20 ml (8 feeds in 24 hrs)
Preferable options for feeding are-
Expressed breast milk
Donor breast milk
Infant formula
22. 2) Malnutrition:
For infants less than 6 months –
Continued breastfeeding
Supplementary suckling technique
Cup feeding
3) HIV :
Replacement feeding (heat treated breast milk/ formula milk/animal milk)
or
Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months
23. BREAST CONDITIONS AND FEEDING DIFFICULTIES –
1)Full Breasts-
Breasts are heavy ,mother feels uncomfortable.
Occurs from 3-5 days after delivery
Management- Good attachment
Breastfed frequently
2)Breast Engorgement-
Breasts are swollen and oedematous
Breasts are painful
Skin is shiny and red
Management- Good attachment
Express milk be hand or pump
Apply warm compresses
Warm showers before expressing
Cold compresses after feeding or expressing
24. 3) Blocked duct:
Tender, localised lump in one breast
Redness over lump
Management- Gentle Massage during feeding
Warm compresses
Feed frequently from affected breast
4)Mastitis:
Hard swelling in breast
Severe pain and redness
One breast is affected
Fever
Management- Rest and frequent breastfeeding
Avoid long gaps in feed
Medical treatment
25. 5) Breast abscess-
Painful swelling in breast
Discoloration of skin
Secondary to mastitis
Management: Needs to be drained
Medical treatment
Feeding Expressed breastmilk
6)Sore or Fissured Nipple-
Severe nipple pain
Visible fissure at tip
Nipple may look squashed from side to side
Management: Improve Baby position
Good attachment
Apply hind milk after feeds
Do not wash with water repeatedly
26. Inverted, Flat or long Nipples-
Try different feeding positions
Leaning over baby
Expressed breast milk
Using syringe technique