The document discusses breast anatomy, highlighting that the breasts are specialized glands responsible for milk secretion, present in both sexes, with a complex structure of lobes and ducts. It details their blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and the implications for cancer dissemination through lymph vessels. Additionally, it emphasizes the clinical significance of lymph drainage patterns related to breast cancer.

1. Breast Anatomy
By
Dr.Faris Muhammed
2022

2. The Breasts
• The breasts are specialized
accessory glands of the skin that
secrete milk
• They are present in both sexes
• situated in the pectoral region
• their blood supply and lymphatic
drainage is largely into the
armpit.

3. • The breast tissue consists of a
system of glands and ducts,
embedded in connective tissue,
the ducts are directed radially
from peripheral glands towards
the areola (a colored area of skin)
that surrounds the central Nipple
(a conical projection that collect
milk ducts to open externally)
In males and immature females,
they are similar in structure.

4. At Puberty
(in females)
Hemisph
-erical
shape
influence
of ovarian
hormones
The ducts
elongate
breasts
gradually
enlarge
deposition
of fat

5. 2nd Rib
6th rib
midaxillary
line
Parasternal
Axillary tail A small part, extends upward
and laterally, pierces the deep fascia at the
lower border of the pectoralis major
muscle, & enters the axilla
The greater part of the gland
lies in the superficial fascia
Extensions Of
The Breast
Location Of The Breast

6. • Each breast consists of 15 to
20 lobes
• Lobes radiate out from the
nipple
• The lobes of the gland are
separated by fibrous septa
that serve as:
suspensory ligaments

7. Tiny tubercles on the areola are
produced by the underlying
areolar glands
The main duct from each lobe
opens separately on the summit
of the nipple and possesses a
dilated ampulla just before its
termination.
The base of the nipple is
surrounded by the areola

8. • Behind the breasts is a space
filled by loose connective tissue
called the retromammary
space

16. Modified Total Mastectomy
Long
Thoracic
Nerve

17. Arterial Supply
1. Perforating branches of the:
internal thoracic artery (ITA)
intercostal arteries. (ICA)
1. The axillary artery:
Lateral thoracic branch (LTB)
Thoracoacromial branch (TAB)
ITA
LTB
TAB
ICA
NB: Veins correspond to the arteries

18. Lymph Drainage of The Breast
• The lymph drainage of the mammary gland is of great clinical
importance because of the frequent development of cancer in the
gland and the subsequent dissemination of the malignant cells along
the lymph vessels to the lymph nodes.

19. 1. The lateral quadrants of the breast
drain into the anterior axillary or pectoral group of nodes (situated
just posterior to the lower border of the pectoralis major muscle)
2. The medial quadrants:
drain by means of vessels that pierce the intercostal spaces and enter
the internal thoracic group of nodes (situated within the thoracic
cavity along the course of the internal thoracic artery)

20. 3. A few lymph vessels
a. follow the posterior intercostal arteries and drain posteriorly
into the posterior intercostal nodes (situated along the course
of the posterior intercostal arteries);
b. some vessels communicate with the lymph vessels of the
opposite breast and with those of the anterior abdominal wall