This document provides an overview of breast anatomy and development. It notes that breasts are specialized glands that secrete milk. At puberty, breasts enlarge and assume their shape under the influence of ovarian hormones. Each breast consists of 15-20 lobes that radiate from the nipple and open onto the nipple summit. Fibrous septa separate the lobes and act as suspensory ligaments. The breasts receive blood supply from perforating branches of the internal thoracic and intercostal arteries, and lymph drains into axillary and internal thoracic lymph nodes.

1. UPPER LIMB
 Introduction
 Organization
 Function
By: Dr. Mujahid Khan

5. BREAST
Introduction:
• Breasts are specialized accessory glands
• Secrete milk
• Present in both sexes
• Similar in males and immature females

6. Anatomy of Breast
• Has nipples
• Surrounded by a colored area of skin
“Areola”
• Consist of a system of ducts embedded in
connective tissue

7. At Puberty
• Gradually enlarge
• Assume their hemispherical shape
• Under the influence of ovarian hormones
• The ducts elongate in size

8. Extension
• Base extends from 2nd to the 6th ribs
• From lateral margin of sternum to
midaxillary line
• Greater part of a gland lies in superficial
fascia

9. Axillary Tail
• Extends upward and laterally
• Pierces the deep fascia at the lower
border of pectoralis major muscle
• Then enters the axilla

12. Formation
• Each breast consists of 15-20 lobes which
radiate out from the nipple
• The main duct from each lobe opens
separately on the summit of the nipple
called Ampulla
• Base of nipple is surrounded by AREOLA
• Tiny tubercles on the areola produced by
the underlying areolar glands

14. Fibrous Septa
• Lobes of the glands are separated by
fibrous septa
• Are well developed in the upper part of the
gland
• Extend from skin to the deep fascia
• Serve as a suspensory ligament

15. Retromammary Space
These are the connective tissues which
separate the breasts from the deep fascia
covering the underlying muscles

16. Young & Old
• Breasts tend to protrude forward from a
circular base in young women
• They tend to be pendulous in older women
• They reach their maximum size during
lactation

17. Blood Supply
• Perforating branches of the internal
thoracic artery and the intercostal arteries
• Axillary artery via lateral thoracic and
thoracoacromial branches

19. Lymph Drainage
• Important clinically because of frequent
development of a cancer
• Subsequent dissemination of the
malignant cells along the lymph vessels to
the lymph nodes

20. Division
Breast is divided into 4 quadrants for lymph
drainage

21. The lateral quadrants of the breast drain into
the anterior axillary or pectoral group of
lymph nodes

22. The medial quadrants drain by means of
vessels that pierce the intercostal spaces
and enter the internal thoracic group of
nodes