The document discusses brands and branding strategies. It defines a brand as a name, symbol or design that identifies a seller's goods and differentiates them from competitors. Brands can convey six levels of meaning to consumers. When creating a brand identity, decisions must be made regarding the brand name, logo, colors, tagline and symbols. Consumer experiences shape brand perceptions more than advertising. Branding strategies discussed include line extensions, brand extensions, multiple brands under one name, new brands, co-branding, and umbrella brands. Functional and experiential brands are types that rely on product attributes or creating experiences, respectively.

1. BRAND AND
BRANDING STRATEGY

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Brand
“A name, term, sign, symbol, or
design, or a combination of
these, intended to identify the goods
or services of one seller or group of
sellers and to differentiate them from
the competition.”

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Brand
Brands can convey six levels of meaning:
•Attribute
•Benefits
•Values
•Culture
•Personality
•User

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Name Logo Colors T
agline Symbol
How to Make a Brand
Brand identity
decisions include:
Consumer experiences create brand
bonding, brand advertising does not.

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TYPES OF
BRANDS

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Varies by type of brand
Functional brands
Brand image
Experiential brands

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Functional Brands
A concept that is used with respect brand strategy
decision. A functional brand is that one which is
purchased by the consumers to satisfy a functional
need such as to shave, to clean clothes, to relieve a
headache. Functional brands have the best chance
to satisfy customers if they are seen as providing
superior performance. Functional brands rely
heavily on product or price features.
For Example : FMCG

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Brand Image
The impression in the consumers mind of
a brand's total personality (real and
imaginary qualities and shortcomings). Brand image
is developed over time through advertising
campaigns with a consistent theme, and is
authenticated through the consumers'
direct experience.
For Example : Coke

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BRAND STRATEGIES

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Brand Strategies
Leveraging the power of the
brand name to cover the
market more effectively

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Types Of Brand Strategies
Line extensions
Brand extensions
Multi brands
New brands
Co-branding

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Same brand name, different product in
the same product line.
E.g. IBM PCs and IBM laptops
Line extensions are safer strategies
than brand extensions since
congruence is always higher.
Line Extensions

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Brand extensions
Same brand name, new product line
e.g. Reebok shoes and Reebok water. Nike shoes and Nike
casuals. Chevy cars and Chevy men’s cologne. Hooters
restaurants and Hooters airline
The concept of congruence determines the success of a brand
extension strategy.
E.g. Johnson’s baby powder and Johnson’s baby oil – high
congruence. But imagine Lysol toilet bowl cleaner and Lysol
toothpaste!!!

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Different brand name – same product
E.g. Thums Up and Coca Cola in India
General Mills – Robin Hood and Gold
Medal brand flour
Tide and Cheer from P&G
Multi brands

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New brands
Your brand is strong in your current market. The market
is saturated and you are looking to diversify.
Identify another product and give it the same brand
name
If the new product is in the same product line –
Line Extension
If the new product is from a completely different
product line – Brand Extension

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Co brands
Creating new brands which are part of the parent
brand family – expressed as suffixes of the parent
brand.
e.g
Apple I-Pod, I-Pod Mini, I-Pod Shuffle and now the I-
Pod Nano

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Umbrella Brands
When you have many sub-brands, each linked to a
common brand, then the common brand is known as
the umbrella brand
E.g. Ford Taurus, Ford Explorer, Ford Focus, Ford
Ranger, Ford Five Hundred, Ford Freestyle, Ford
Expedition, Ford Thunderbird, etc.

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