The document explains various branching statements in programming, particularly focusing on C language constructs for decision-making like 'if', 'else', 'switch-case', and 'goto'. It provides code examples for each statement type to demonstrate their application in determining control flow based on conditions, such as checking voting eligibility and calculating areas of geometric shapes. Additionally, it describes nested if statements for more complex decision-making scenarios.

1. BRANCHING STATEMENTS

2. Branching / Decision Making Statements
• The statements in the program that helps to
transfer the control from one part to other parts
of the program.
• Facilitates program in determining the flow of
control
• Involves decision making conditions
• See whether the condition is satisfied or not

3. Branching / Decision Making Statements
• if statement
• if – else statement
• if – else if ladder
• Nested if
• Goto
• Switch case

4. If statement

5. # include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int age ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the age : ") ;
scanf("%d", &age) ;
if(age >= 18)
printf("nThe person is eligible to vote.") ;
getch() ;
}
/* C Program to check you are eligible for voting */
Enter the age : 35
The person is eligible to vote.
Output

6. • Execute a set of command line or
one command line when the
logical condition is true.
• It has only one option
Syntax
If (condition)
Statement;

7. If else statement

8. # include <stdio.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int age ;
clrscr() ;
printf("Enter the age : ") ;
scanf("%d", &age) ;
if(age >= 18)
printf("nThe person is eligible to vote.") ;
else
printf("nThe person is not eligible to vote.") ;
getch() ;
}
/* C Program to check you are eligible for voting or not */
Enter the age : 35
The person is eligible to vote.
Enter the age : 11
The person is not eligible to
vote.
Output

9. • if else statement takes care of
both true and false conditions.
• If block is for true condition
• Else block is for false condition

10. If else if ladder

12. #include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int weekday;
printf(" Please Enter the Day Number 1 to 7
(Consider 1= Monday, and 7 = Sunday) : ");
scanf("%d", &weekday);
if (weekday == 1)
{
printf("n Today is Monday");
}
else if ( weekday == 2 )
{
printf("n Today is Tuesday");
}
else if ( weekday == 3 )
{
printf("n Today is Wednesday");
}
else if ( weekday == 4 )
{
printf("n Today is Thursday");
}
else if ( weekday == 5 )
{
printf("n Today is Friday");
}
else if ( weekday == 6 )
{
printf("n Today is Saturday");
}
else if ( weekday == 7 )
{
printf("n Today is Sunday");
}
else
printf("n Please enter Valid Number
between 1 to 7");
return 0;
}
/* C Program to Print Day Name of Week using Else If Statement */

13. Please Enter the Day Number
1 to 7 (Consider 1= Monday,
and 7 = Sunday) : 5
Today is Friday
Please Enter the Day Number
1 to 7 (Consider 1= Monday,
and 7 = Sunday) : 35
Please enter Valid Number
between 1 to 7
Output

14. • Number of logical statements are checked
for executing various statement
• If the first condition is true the compiler
executes the block followed by first if
condition.
• If false it skips the block and checks for
the next logical condition followed by else
if.
• Process is continued until a true condition
is occurred or an else condition is
satisfied.

15. Nested if else

17. #include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
float r n1, n2, n3;
printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &n1, &n2, &n3);
if (n1 > n2) {
if (n1 > n3)
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n1);
else
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n3);
} else {
if (n2 > n3)
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n2);
else
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n3);
}
return 0;
}
/* C Program to find Largest of Three numbers using Nested Else If Statement */

18. Enter three numbers: -4.5
3.9
5.6
5.60 is the largest number.
Output
Float – it is composed of a number that
is not an integer, because it includes a
fraction representation in digital format. It
is used in c programming when more
precision is needed than what integers
can provide.
lf – (Long Float) it is used to represent
long number
.2 – used to limit the decimal points to
two places.

19. • When a series of decisions are involved
we use more than one if-else statement.
• If condition is true control passes to first
block i.e., if block. In this case there may
be one more if block.
• If condition is false control passes to else
block. There we may have one more if
block.

20. Switch case

21. #include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float r, area, base, height, l, b;
int choice;
printf("1. Area of a circlen");
printf("2. Area of a trianglen");
printf("3. Area of a rectanglen");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the radius of the circle: ");
scanf("%f",&r);
area = 3.14 * r * r;
printf("Area of circle = %.2f",area);
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter the base and height of the
triangle: ");
scanf("%f %f",&base, &height);
area = 0.5 * base * height;
printf("Area of triangle = %.2f",area);
break;
case 3:
printf("Enter the length and breadth of the
rectangle: ");
scanf("%f %f",&l, &b);
area = l*b;
printf("Area of circle = %.2f",area);
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice.");
}
return 0;
}
/* C Program to find the area of the circle, area of the triangle and area of the rectangle according to
the user’s input choice. */

22. 1. Area of a circle
2. Area of a triangle
3. Area of a rectangle
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the radius of the circle: 5
Area of circle = 78.50
1. Area of a circle
2. Area of a triangle
3. Area of a rectangle
Enter your choice: 2
Enter the base and height of the triangle:
10 25
Area of triangle = 125.00
1. Area of a circle
2. Area of a triangle
3. Area of a rectangle
Enter your choice: 3
Enter the length and breadth of the
rectangle: 8 6
Area of circle = 48.00
Output

23. • Multiway branch statement
• It only requires one argument of any
type, which is checked with number of
cases.
• If the value matches with the case
constant, that particular case constant is
executed. If not the default statement is
executed.
• Break statement – used to exit from
current case structure

24. Goto

25. #include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(n%2==0)
goto even;
else
goto odd;
even:
printf("nThe number is EVEN");
goto end;
odd:
printf("The number is ODD");
goto end;
end:
getch();
}
/* C program to check if a number is even or not using goto statement */

26. syntax
• This statement does not require any
condition, this is an
UNCONDITIONAL CONTROL JUMP.
• The control is passed to another
part of the program without testing
any condition.

27. Thank You