coding

1. DAY-2

2. RECAP

3. Topics
• Conditional Statements
• if
• switch
• goto

4. Conditional Statements

5. Types of Conditional Statements
• if statement
• switch statement
• goto statement
• Conditional operator

6. if Statement
• if statement can be used as-
• Simple if statement
• if else statement
• Nested if else statement
• else if ladder

7. Simple if Statement
syntax:
if(test expression)
{
statement-1;
………………..
………………..
statement-n;
}
statement-x;
test
expression
Statement Block
Statement-x
False
True
Statement Block

8. if else statement
syntax:
if(test expression)
{
statement block-1
}
else
{
statement block-2;
}
statement-x;
test
expression
Statement block-2 Statement block-1
Statement-x
False True

9. Nested if else statement
syntax:
if(test expression-1)
{
if(test expression-2)
{
statement block-1
}
else
{
statement block-2
}
}
else
{
if(test expression-3)
{
statement block-3
}
else
{
statement block-4
}
}
Statement-x;
test
expression-1
test
expressi
on-3
test
expressi
on-2
Statement
block-2 Statement
block-1
Statement-x
Statement
block-4 Statement
block-3
False
False
False
True
True
True

10. else if ladder
syntax:
if(test expression-1)
{
Statement block-1
}
else if(test expression-2)
{
Statement block-2
}
else
{
statement block-3
}
Statement-x;
test
expression-
1
statement
block-1
test
expressio
n-2
statement
block-2
statement
block-3
statement
block-1
False
False
True
True

11. Program to check whether a number is
even or odd
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
printf(“Eneter a Number:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
if(n%2==0)
printf(“Number is Even”);
else
printf(“Number is odd”);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a Number:
12
Number is Even

12. Program to check whether a year is a leap
year or not
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int y;
printf(“Eneter a Year:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&y);
if((y%4==0 && y%100!=0)||(y%400==0))
printf(“Year is a leap year”);
else
printf(“Year is not a leap year”);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a Year:
2000
Year is a leap year

13. Program to convert an uppercase letter
into lowercase and vice-versa
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
printf(“Eneter a character:n”);
scanf(“%c”,&ch);
if(ch>=’A’ && ch<=’Z’ )
{
ch=ch+32;
printf(“%c”,ch);
}
else if(ch>=’a’ && ch<=’z’)
{
ch=ch-32;
printf(“%c”,ch);
}
else
printf(“Invalid Character”);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a character:
A
a

14. Program to find the largest number among
three numbers
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf(“Eneter three numbers:n”);
scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b,&c);
if(a>b && a>c)
printf(“%d is largest”,a);
else if(b>a && b>c)
printf(“%d is largest”,b);
else
printf(“%d is largest”,c);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter three numbers:
35
47
20
47 is largest

15. Program to check whether a number is
positive, negative or zero
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
printf(“Eneter a Number:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
if(n>0)
printf(“Number is Positive”);
else if(n<0)
printf(“Number is Positive”);
else
printf(“Number is Zero”);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a Number:
25
Number is Positive

16. switch statement
syntax:
switch(expression)
{
case value-1: statement-block-1;
break;
case value-2: statement-block-2;
break;
case value-3: statement-block-3;
break;
default: default-block;
break;
}
statement-x;

17. Advantages and Limitations of Switch
• Advantages
• Easy to debug, read and understand
• Faster than else if ladder
• Limitations
• Cannot be used with real expression
• Logical operators are not allowed in cases

18. Write a program to simulate
calculator using switch statement.

19. #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float a,b,c;
char op;
printf(“Enter two numbers:n”);
scanf(“%f%f”,&a,&b);
fflush(stdin);
printf(“Enter Operator:n”);
scanf(“%c”,&op);
switch(op)
{
case ‘+’: c=a+b;
printf(“Addition=%f”,c);
break;
case ‘-’: c=a-b;
printf(“Subtraction=%f”,c);
break;
case ‘*’: c=a*b;
printf(“Multiplication=%f”,c);
break;
case ‘/’: c=a/b;
printf(“Division=%f”,c);
break;
default: printf(“Invalid Operator”);
break;
}
getch();
}
Output:
Enter two numbers:
6
5
Enter Operator:
*
Multiplication=30

20. Write a menu driven program to
calculate the area of different
geometrical figures such as
rectangle, square, circle and triangle.

21. #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float a,b,c,s,area;
int n;
printf(“Enter:n1:For rectanglen2:For squaren3:For circlen4:For trianglen”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
switch(n)
{
case 1: printf(“Enter length and breadth of rectangle:n”);
scanf(“%f%f”,&a,&b);
area=a*b;
printf(“Area of Rectanle:%f”,area);
break;
case 2: printf(“Enter the side of square:n”);
scanf(“%f”,&a);
area=a*a;
printf(“Area of Square:%f”,area);
break;

22. case 3: printf(“Enter the radius of circle:n”);
scanf(“%f”,&a);
area= 3.14*a*a;
printf(“Area of Circle:%f”,area);
break;
case 4: printf(“Enter the three sides of triangle:n”);
scanf(“%f%f%f”,&a,&b,&c);
s=(a+b+c)/2;
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
printf(“Area of Triangle:%f”,area);
break;
default: printf(“Invalide Choice”);
break;
}
getch();
}

23. Output
Enter:
1:For rectangle
2:For square
3:For circle
4:For triangle
3
Enter the radius of circle:
5
Area of Circle:78.5

24. goto Statement
Syntax:
statement-1;
if(condition)
{
goto label;
}
statement-2;
statement-3;
label:
statement-4;
statement-5;
Syntax:
statement-1;
label:
statement-2;
statement-3;
if(condition)
{
goto label;
}
statement-4;
statement-5;

25. Program to print 1 to 10 numbers using
goto statement
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i=1;
start:
printf(“%d”,i);
if(i<10)
{
i++;
goto start;
}
getch();
}
Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

26. QUIZ

27. Quiz
void main()
{
int n, x = 1,y = 1;
if(n>0)
x = x+1;
y = y-1;
printf(“%d,%d”,x,y);
}
What will be the value of x and y if the value of n is (a) 1
and (b) 0
Ans: (a) 2 0
(b) 1 0

28. Quiz
What is the output of this C code?
void main()
{
int a = 100;
if(a>10)
printf(“Greater than 10”);
else if(a>20)
printf(“Greater than 20”);
else
printf(“Greater than 50”);
}
Output: Greater than 10

29. Quiz
• What is the output of this C code?
void main()
{
int x=5;
if(x)
printf(“It is True”);
else
printf(“It is False”);
}
Output: It is True

30. Quiz
• What is the output of this C code?
void main()
{
int x=10,y=100%90;
if(x!=y);
printf(“x=%d,y=%d”,x,y);
}
Output: x=10, y=10

31. Programs for Hands-on

32. Program
• A company insures its drivers in the following
cases:
– If the driver is married
– If the driver is unmarried, male and above 30
years age
– If the driver is unmarried and above 25 years age
– In all other cases the driver is not insured.
Write a C program without using logical operators to
determine whether the driver is insured or not.

33. Program
• What is the advantage of a switch statement
over an if else statement? Write a program in
C using switch statement to find the value of Y
for a given N between 1 and 4.

34. Program Loops and Iterations
6/24/2024

35. Loop
• Are used to repeat the execution of
statements
• There are two types of loop
• Entry Controlled loop
• for
• while
• Exit Controlled loop
• do while
6/24/2024

36. for Loop
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; iteration)
{
Body of loop
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf(“%d”,i);
}
getch();
}
6/24/2024

37. while Loop
Syntax:
while(condition)
{
Body of loop
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i=1;
while(i<=10)
{
printf(“%d”,i);
i++
}
getch();
}
6/24/2024

38. do while Loop
Syntax:
do
{
Body of loop
}
while(condition);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i=1;
do
{
printf(“%d”,i);
i++
}
while(i<=10);
getch();
}
6/24/2024

39. Entry Controlled Loop
Control
Condition
Body of Loop
Statement-x
True
False
Entry
6/24/2024

40. Exit Controlled Loop
Body of Loop
Statement-x
True
False
Entry
Control
Condition
6/24/2024

41. Programs Using Loops
6/24/2024

42. Program to find the factorial of a Number
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i;
long int f=1;
printf(“Eneter a number:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
f=f*i;
}
printf(“Factorial of %d=%ld”,n,f);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a number:
5
Factorial of 5=120
6/24/2024

43. Program to check whether an integer number
is Prime number or not.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,c=0;
printf(“Eneter a number:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
c++;
}
if(c==2)
printf(“Number is Prime Number”);
else
printf(“Number is not Prime Numbe”);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a number:
7
Number is Prime Number
6/24/2024

44. Write a program to print all Prime number
between 1 and r.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,c,r;
printf(“Enter the value of r:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&r);
for(n=2;n<r;n++)
{
c=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
c++;
}
if(c==2)
printf(“%dt”,n);
}
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the value of r:
15
2 3 5 7 11 13
6/24/2024

45. Program to find the sum of digits of an integer
number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,d,s=0;
printf(“Eneter a number:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
while(n>0)
{
d=n%10;
s=s+d;
n=n/10;
}
printf(“The Sum of digits=%d”,s);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a number:
254
The Sum of digits=11
6/24/2024

46. Program to find the reverse of an integer
number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,d,s=0;
printf(“Eneter a number:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
while(n>0)
{
d=n%10;
s=s*10+d;
n=n/10;
}
printf(“The Reverse of Number=%d”,s);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a number:
254
The Reverse of Number=452
6/24/2024

47. Program to check whether an integer number
is palindrome or not.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,d,s=0,t;
printf(“Eneter a number:n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
t=n;
while(n>0)
{
d=n%10;
s=s*10+d;
n=n/10;
}
if(s==t)
printf(“Number is Palindrome Number”);
else
printf(“Number is not Palindrome Number”);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a number:
252
Number is Palindrome Number
6/24/2024

48. break and continue Statements
6/24/2024

49. break Statement
• It is used to terminate the execution of loop
• It transfer the control to the first statement
after loop
6/24/2024

50. break Statement Syntax and Example
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; updation)
{
statement-1;
statement-2;
if(condition)
{
break;
}
statement-3;
}
statement-x;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
if(i==5)
break;
printf(“%d”,i);
}
getch();
}
6/24/2024

51. continue Statement
• It is used to transfer the control to the
updation in for loop and to the condition in
while and do while loop
6/24/2024

52. continue Statement Syntax and
Example
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; updation)
{
statement-1;
statement-2;
if(condition)
{
continue;
}
statement-3;
}
statement-x;
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
if(i==5)
continue;
printf(“%d”,i);
}
getch();
}
6/24/2024

53. Nested Loops
6/24/2024

54. Nested Loops
• Loop inside loop
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; updation)
{
for(initialization; condition; updation)
{
statement-1;
}
statement-2;
}
6/24/2024

55. Example of Nested Loops
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j;
for(i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i; j++)
{
printf(“%d”,i);
}
printf(“n”);
}
getch();
}
Output:
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6/24/2024

56. Multi Loop Variables
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j;
for(i=1,j=5; i<=5; i++,j--)
{
printf(“%dt%dn”,i,j);
}
getch();
}
Output:
1 5
2 4
3 3
4 2
5 1
6/24/2024

57. QUIZ
6/24/2024

58. Quiz
• What is the output of this C code?
void main()
{
char a=1;
while(a<=255)
{
printf(“t%d”,a);
a=a+1;
}
}
Output: 1 2 3 4 ………. 127 -128 -127…….. 0 1 ……..
6/24/2024

59. Quiz
• What is the output of this C code?
void main()
{
int i,j;
i=j=2,3;
while(--i && j++)
printf(“%dt%d”,i,j);
}
Output: 1 3
6/24/2024

60. Quiz
• What is the output of this C code?
int main()
{
int i=1;
for(i=0;i=-1;i=1)
{
printf("%d ",i);
if(i!=1) break;
}
}
Output: -1
6/24/2024

61. Quiz
• What is the output/error of this C code?
void main()
{
for( ; ; )
{
printf("%d ",10);
}
}
Output: Infinite Loop
6/24/2024

62. Programs for Hands-on

63. Program
• Write a code to calculate and print the next
two numbers in each of the following series:
1. 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ?, ?.
2. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ?, ?.
3. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ?.
• Differentiate between while do and do while
loops.
6/24/2024

64. Program
• Write a program in C to read five-digit
number; if it is even then add the digits,
otherwise multiply them. Then print the
result.
6/24/2024

65. Program
• Given a number, write a program in C using
while loop to reverse the digits of the number.
For example, the number12345 should be
outputted as 54321.
6/24/2024

66. Program
• Write a program to find and print all the prime numbers
between 0 and entered number n.
• Write a C program to print the nth Fibonacci number.
• Write a program to determine whether a given integer is a
perfect number or not. A number is said to be a perfect
number if the sum of factors is equal to the number itself.
For example the factors of 6 are 1, 2, and 3 whose sum is
1+2+3=6.
• Write a C program to find the sum of following series up to
50 terms.
S=-13 + 33 – 53 + 73 + .............. 50 terms.
• Write a program in C language to generate the given series
up to terms less than 200.
1 – 4 + 9 – 16 + 25........
6/24/2024

67. Program
• Write a C program to generate the following
pattern.
6/24/2024
*
***
*****
*******
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
*
**
***
****
1
121
12321
1234321
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2
5 4 3
5 4
5