This document summarizes a study on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in cattle slaughtered at the Nekemte Municipality abattoir in Western Ethiopia. The study found a BTB prevalence of 5.1% based on detailed postmortem meat inspection of 940 cattle. Routine meat inspection detected only 0.53% of cases, showing poor agreement with detailed inspection. BTB lesions were most commonly found in the lungs and associated lymph nodes. Retrospective analysis of human tuberculosis data from Nekemte Hospital from 2000-2007 found 59.8% were pulmonary TB cases and 40.2% were extra-pulmonary, indicating potential zoonotic transmission from cattle.
Mobile phone has been source of microorganisms that cause diseases of public health concerns. In a study, one-fi fth of cellular phones examined were found to harbor pathogenic bacteria indicating that these devices may serve as vehicles of transmission. Swab samples were collected aseptically from the phones of different handlers like motor bike riders, food vendors, meat sellers and nursing mothers. Bacteria isolation and identifi cation were carried out using pour plating technique with distinctive morphological and biochemical characteristics.The pathogenicity of the bacterial isolates was investigated through oral inoculation into albino rats. Eighty-eight (88) bacteria were isolated and selected based on their resistance to antibiotics for pathological study. Loss in weight was observed in some albino rat. Along with reduction in the packed cell volume, hemoglobin but raised white blood cell. Animal inoculated with Bacillus cereus showed meningitis like symptom after the first week of inoculation. Also, there were short and stunted villi; low crystal depth with necrotic
debris in the lumen. It has been observed that cell phones may harbor pathogenic bacteria and can subsequently plays role as fomite in the disease transmission. Therefore, the need to educate community phone handlers in the rural area becomes imperative.
West Immunotherapy, Vaccines for Lung Cancer Mage-A3, Stimuvax, and LucanixH. Jack West
Update of results and current clinical trials of vaccines for lung cancer, including MAGE-A3, Stimuvax, and Lucanix for stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer. @JackWestMD, @CancerGRACE cancerGRACE.org
Antituberculosis and toxicity assay of ethanolic extract of mimba cortexCut Fatimah
CUT FATIMAH, Uji toksisitas dan uji antituberkolosis ekstrak daun mimba, Fakultas Farmasi, Fakultas Pertanian UTND MEDAN, Sumatera Utara, Dra. Cut Fatimah, Msi.,Apt.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Zidovudine (AZT) is a nucleoside analog, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The administration of zidovudine to the wistar albino rats showed an increase in erythrocyte fragility as can be seen from figure 1. There were significant (p<0.05)>0.05) decrease in serum ALP activity, significant (p<0.05) decrease in Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and NADH methaemoglobin reductase activity. Findings from this study have revealed that zidovudine is hepatotoxic, increases the concentraton of ferric iron in the body thus imparing oxygen transport and also affects the erythrocyte membrane proteins adversely.
Mobile phone has been source of microorganisms that cause diseases of public health concerns. In a study, one-fi fth of cellular phones examined were found to harbor pathogenic bacteria indicating that these devices may serve as vehicles of transmission. Swab samples were collected aseptically from the phones of different handlers like motor bike riders, food vendors, meat sellers and nursing mothers. Bacteria isolation and identifi cation were carried out using pour plating technique with distinctive morphological and biochemical characteristics.The pathogenicity of the bacterial isolates was investigated through oral inoculation into albino rats. Eighty-eight (88) bacteria were isolated and selected based on their resistance to antibiotics for pathological study. Loss in weight was observed in some albino rat. Along with reduction in the packed cell volume, hemoglobin but raised white blood cell. Animal inoculated with Bacillus cereus showed meningitis like symptom after the first week of inoculation. Also, there were short and stunted villi; low crystal depth with necrotic
debris in the lumen. It has been observed that cell phones may harbor pathogenic bacteria and can subsequently plays role as fomite in the disease transmission. Therefore, the need to educate community phone handlers in the rural area becomes imperative.
West Immunotherapy, Vaccines for Lung Cancer Mage-A3, Stimuvax, and LucanixH. Jack West
Update of results and current clinical trials of vaccines for lung cancer, including MAGE-A3, Stimuvax, and Lucanix for stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer. @JackWestMD, @CancerGRACE cancerGRACE.org
Antituberculosis and toxicity assay of ethanolic extract of mimba cortexCut Fatimah
CUT FATIMAH, Uji toksisitas dan uji antituberkolosis ekstrak daun mimba, Fakultas Farmasi, Fakultas Pertanian UTND MEDAN, Sumatera Utara, Dra. Cut Fatimah, Msi.,Apt.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Zidovudine (AZT) is a nucleoside analog, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The administration of zidovudine to the wistar albino rats showed an increase in erythrocyte fragility as can be seen from figure 1. There were significant (p<0.05)>0.05) decrease in serum ALP activity, significant (p<0.05) decrease in Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and NADH methaemoglobin reductase activity. Findings from this study have revealed that zidovudine is hepatotoxic, increases the concentraton of ferric iron in the body thus imparing oxygen transport and also affects the erythrocyte membrane proteins adversely.
Dr. David Mooney - Simposio Internacional 'Terapias oncológicas avanzadas'Fundación Ramón Areces
Los días 15 y 16 de octubre de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces y la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, en colaboración con la Fundación de la Innovación Bankinter, reunieron en Madrid a algunos de los mayores expertos mundiales en nuevas terapias contra el cáncer. El Simposio Internacional, coordinado por la profesora y académica María José Alonso, analizó el momento actual de la lucha contra esta enfermedad. También fue un punto de encuentro para científicos de los más innovadores institutos de investigación en oncología, quienes debatieron sobre tres grandes temas: la Medicina Personalizada contra el cáncer, los nanomedicamentos en la terapia del cáncer y las terapias basadas en la inmunomodulación.
Objective: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to reactive oxygen species formation and cell death in kidney tissue with injury and organ transplantation. Simvastatin (SIM) is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant agent. Alterations in I/R-induced acute kidney injury model with SIM treatment were analyzed.
Study Design: Wistar rats (n=28) were grouped into Sham, Ischemia, I/R, and I/R+SIM treated. Left rat kidney renal vessels were clamped for 60 minutes for ischemia, and the I/R group had 6 hours of reperfusion. 10 mg/kg SIM was given orally for 28 days. MDA, GSH, and MPO were analyzed. Kidney tissues were paraffin embedded, and primary antibodies TNF-α and caspase-3 were applied for immunohistochemistry.
Results: In the I/R group, intense inflammatory cell infiltration around the vessels and necrosis in the glomerular structures were observed. In the treated group, proximal and distal tubular cells were found to be close to normal. Immunoexpression of caspase-3 in the ischemia group was positive in degenerative glomeruli. In the treated group, TNF-α expression was negative in the glomerular structures. MDA and MPO levels were significantly increased in ischemia and I/R.
Conclusion: We suggest that SIM treatment improved kidney tissue structure and function in a model of I/R injury.
Keywords: caspase-3; immunohistochemistry; ischemia/reperfusion; kidney; MPO; simvastatin
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.5
ABSTRACT- Purpose: Multidrug resistant organisms are on rise. Various enzymes present in the organisms are
responsible for this resistance. Detection of these enzymes become challenging if organisms harbor multiple enzymes.
This study was done to find the prevalence of various enzymes at our tertiary care hospital.
Materials and methods: Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) detection was done by screening method followed
by two phenotypic confirmatory methods (double disc synergy and disc potentiation method). Carbapenems (imipenem,
meropenem) resistant strain were analyzed for metallo beta lactamases (MBL) and carbapenemases (KPC) using
combined disc test and modified Hodge test. Amp C detection was done by using cefoxitin disc on heavy lawn of E. coli
ATCC 25922. Distortion of the zone size on the streaked line of test was taken as positive for Amp C.
Results: 87.15% were screened positive for ESBL and confirmed cases were 36.80%. Carbapenem resistant was 31.86%,
MBL was 7.52%, KPC was 0.82 %, Amp C in 0.23%.
Conclusions: There is high prevalence of ESBL. Detection of these enzymes is important in routine diagnostics for
treatment. Co-expression of multiple enzymes was detected in this study. Judicious and rational use of antibiotics is
required which might lead to decrease in emergence of resistance. Also knowledge of the prevalence of these enzymes
helps in empirical antibiotic therapy and in infection control purpose.
Key-words- Multidrug resistant, ESBL, MBL, KPC, Amp C
A study of antibiotic resistance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases produci...Premier Publishers
Background: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae are common in hospitals. This study aims to describe the antibiotic resistance of these bacteria and their associated demographic and clinical factors. Methods: It was a prospective study of 73 isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae for a period of six months from July to December 2019 in the laboratory of Befelatanana. Results: This study showed 73 (6.3%) isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases- producing Enterobacteriaceae, represented by 25 (34.2%) isolates of Klebsiella spp, 24 (32.9%) isolates of Escherichia coli, 22 (30.1%) isolates of Enterobacter spp and 2 (2.7%) isolates of Proteus spp. The antibiotic resistance of these bacteria varied from 0% to 100% for all of the antibiotics tested. Resistance to aminoglycosides ranged from 0% (amikacin) to 69.9% (gentamycin). Resistance to quinolones ranged from 43.8% (levofloxacin) to 76.7% (nalidixic acid). Similarly, 60 (82.2%) isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and 25 (34.2%) isolates to chloramphenicol. Patients under 20 years (57.1%) (p=0.03), men (52.2%)(p=0.11; NS), patients with respiratory samples (83.3%)(p=0.004), with pus (61.9%)(p=0.02) and hospitalized in surgery and intensive care units (68.4%)(p=0.0009) were the most affected by these enterobacteria. Conclusion: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae are responsible for severe infections and the majorities are multi-resistant bacteria.
Keywords: Beta-lactamase, Enterobacteriaceae, antibiotic resistance, amikacin, imipenem.
Comparison of Ziehl Neelsen Microscopy with GeneXpert for Detection of Mycoba...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Dr. David Mooney - Simposio Internacional 'Terapias oncológicas avanzadas'Fundación Ramón Areces
Los días 15 y 16 de octubre de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces y la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, en colaboración con la Fundación de la Innovación Bankinter, reunieron en Madrid a algunos de los mayores expertos mundiales en nuevas terapias contra el cáncer. El Simposio Internacional, coordinado por la profesora y académica María José Alonso, analizó el momento actual de la lucha contra esta enfermedad. También fue un punto de encuentro para científicos de los más innovadores institutos de investigación en oncología, quienes debatieron sobre tres grandes temas: la Medicina Personalizada contra el cáncer, los nanomedicamentos en la terapia del cáncer y las terapias basadas en la inmunomodulación.
Objective: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) leads to reactive oxygen species formation and cell death in kidney tissue with injury and organ transplantation. Simvastatin (SIM) is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant agent. Alterations in I/R-induced acute kidney injury model with SIM treatment were analyzed.
Study Design: Wistar rats (n=28) were grouped into Sham, Ischemia, I/R, and I/R+SIM treated. Left rat kidney renal vessels were clamped for 60 minutes for ischemia, and the I/R group had 6 hours of reperfusion. 10 mg/kg SIM was given orally for 28 days. MDA, GSH, and MPO were analyzed. Kidney tissues were paraffin embedded, and primary antibodies TNF-α and caspase-3 were applied for immunohistochemistry.
Results: In the I/R group, intense inflammatory cell infiltration around the vessels and necrosis in the glomerular structures were observed. In the treated group, proximal and distal tubular cells were found to be close to normal. Immunoexpression of caspase-3 in the ischemia group was positive in degenerative glomeruli. In the treated group, TNF-α expression was negative in the glomerular structures. MDA and MPO levels were significantly increased in ischemia and I/R.
Conclusion: We suggest that SIM treatment improved kidney tissue structure and function in a model of I/R injury.
Keywords: caspase-3; immunohistochemistry; ischemia/reperfusion; kidney; MPO; simvastatin
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.3.5
ABSTRACT- Purpose: Multidrug resistant organisms are on rise. Various enzymes present in the organisms are
responsible for this resistance. Detection of these enzymes become challenging if organisms harbor multiple enzymes.
This study was done to find the prevalence of various enzymes at our tertiary care hospital.
Materials and methods: Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) detection was done by screening method followed
by two phenotypic confirmatory methods (double disc synergy and disc potentiation method). Carbapenems (imipenem,
meropenem) resistant strain were analyzed for metallo beta lactamases (MBL) and carbapenemases (KPC) using
combined disc test and modified Hodge test. Amp C detection was done by using cefoxitin disc on heavy lawn of E. coli
ATCC 25922. Distortion of the zone size on the streaked line of test was taken as positive for Amp C.
Results: 87.15% were screened positive for ESBL and confirmed cases were 36.80%. Carbapenem resistant was 31.86%,
MBL was 7.52%, KPC was 0.82 %, Amp C in 0.23%.
Conclusions: There is high prevalence of ESBL. Detection of these enzymes is important in routine diagnostics for
treatment. Co-expression of multiple enzymes was detected in this study. Judicious and rational use of antibiotics is
required which might lead to decrease in emergence of resistance. Also knowledge of the prevalence of these enzymes
helps in empirical antibiotic therapy and in infection control purpose.
Key-words- Multidrug resistant, ESBL, MBL, KPC, Amp C
A study of antibiotic resistance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases produci...Premier Publishers
Background: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae are common in hospitals. This study aims to describe the antibiotic resistance of these bacteria and their associated demographic and clinical factors. Methods: It was a prospective study of 73 isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae for a period of six months from July to December 2019 in the laboratory of Befelatanana. Results: This study showed 73 (6.3%) isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases- producing Enterobacteriaceae, represented by 25 (34.2%) isolates of Klebsiella spp, 24 (32.9%) isolates of Escherichia coli, 22 (30.1%) isolates of Enterobacter spp and 2 (2.7%) isolates of Proteus spp. The antibiotic resistance of these bacteria varied from 0% to 100% for all of the antibiotics tested. Resistance to aminoglycosides ranged from 0% (amikacin) to 69.9% (gentamycin). Resistance to quinolones ranged from 43.8% (levofloxacin) to 76.7% (nalidixic acid). Similarly, 60 (82.2%) isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and 25 (34.2%) isolates to chloramphenicol. Patients under 20 years (57.1%) (p=0.03), men (52.2%)(p=0.11; NS), patients with respiratory samples (83.3%)(p=0.004), with pus (61.9%)(p=0.02) and hospitalized in surgery and intensive care units (68.4%)(p=0.0009) were the most affected by these enterobacteria. Conclusion: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae are responsible for severe infections and the majorities are multi-resistant bacteria.
Keywords: Beta-lactamase, Enterobacteriaceae, antibiotic resistance, amikacin, imipenem.
Comparison of Ziehl Neelsen Microscopy with GeneXpert for Detection of Mycoba...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Risk of exposure to Campylobacter through consumption of ready-to-eat roast b...ILRI
Poster prepared by E. Mahundi, K. Makita, H. Toyomaki, D. Grace and L.R. Kurwijila at the 13th conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 20-24 August 2012.
Paratuberculosis (PTB) remains one of the most obstacles limit animal breeding sector all over the world. The current study aimed to detect the etiology of PTB in tissues of clinically suspected small ruminants using histopathological and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Clinical examination showed 10 (26.4%) PTB suspected cases out of the total (38) examined animals. The suspected cases were euthanized, necropsied, gross lesions were recorded and tissue samples were collected for histopathological and molecular procedures. Grossly intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes thickening, corrugations and edematous swellings were recorded. Semi-thin sections of the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes stained with toluidine blue demonstrated MAP organism inside epithelium cells and macrophages. RT-PCR detected MAP IS900 gene in all suspected cases (100%), thus we recommend using RT-PCR as a rapid sensitive method in the diagnosis of PTB.
Key-words: Paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium, Semi thin sections, Toluidine blue, IS900 gene
Information about diagnostic methods and techniques for tuberculosis including microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, mycobacterial culture, molecular techniques (line probe assay, Xpert MTB/RIF), interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST)
Molecular Identification of Bulinus Species in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria...AI Publications
The study considers the distribution of a small sample of 100 Bulinus snails, across 8 localities within Ogun State, Nigerian. Snails were identified using a molecular method of fragment and restriction profiles obtained from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) amplicons. The results showed that the majority of Bulinus samples tested belonged to the species Bulinustruncatus while only one was Bulinusglobosus. The use of Rsa1 restriction endonuclease to cleave the ribosomal its of Bulinus, as a method of species identification, was adopted for the majority of samples, this being a quicker and cheaper method better suited to small laboratory environments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the schistosome Dra1 repeat within each of the collected Bulinus samples was employed to determine the extent and distribution of infected snails within the sample areas. Successful amplification of the Dra1 repeat demonstrated that 23% of snails were infected with schistosome
1. Pre valence study o f Bovine tuberculosis in
Nekemte Municipality Abattoir, Western
Ethiopia
DVM thesis (Jimma University and ALIPB, AAU)
By:-
Tegegn Gudeta, Jaleta
Jun, 2 008
Jimma, Ethiopia
2. 1. Introduction
Bovine Tuberculosis
contagious, chronic and debilitating disease of both humans
and animals
Formation of granulomas in tissues and organs and also
tubercles, abscess and cheesy exudates will be observed
Mycobacterium bovis
Acid fast bacili
MTBC
wide range of vertebrate animals host
Diagnosis
History and clinical findings
Tuberculin test
Postmortem examination
Histology
Invitro lymphocyt assay
Enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA)
Culture of the mycobacterium and Staining
Nucliec acid recognition techniques ( Technical problems and cost )
3. Postmortem examination of the lesions are very critical
60% Africa , 47% Asian , 38% south America and Caribbean countries
reported from sporadic to enzootic occurrence of BTB(Cosivi et al .,
1998)
Common disease(animals and human) in developing countries
BTB is disease of intensifications (dairy cattle)
Significant public health importance
Man acquires BTB by aerosols and ingestion
Poor concept of pasteurization of milk in developing countries
Increasing incidence BTB with human immune virus (HIV)
In Ethiopia studies shows that the prevalence rate of BTB ranges from
3.4% in a small holder production system to 50% in intensive dairy
productions by tuberclin tests (Kiros, 1998; Ameni and Roger, 1998; Ameni
et al., 2003; Regassa, 2001, 2005).
BTB P revalence rates of 5.2% (Ameni and Wudie, 2003),
4.5% (Teklu et al., 2004) and 3.5% (Shitaye et al., 2006) ,
24.7%( Mammo, 2007) have been reported in different
abattoirs in the country.
Kidane et al. (2002) indicated that M. bovis was found to be a cause
4. In Nekemte area, West Ethiopia the status of BTB in cattle is not studied so
far,
The objectives of this study were:
To determine the prevalence of BTB in cattle slaughtered
in Nekemte Municipality abattoir.
To assess the efficiency of routine meat inspection to
identify tuberculous lesion in slaughtered cattle.
To look into trends of human tuberculosis in the study
area.
5. 2.Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
Nekemte M. abattoir (October,2007
to march,
2008)
Nekemte
Located at 336 km west of A ddis Ababa
Receive average annual rain fall of 1675mm
Average annual temperature of 22.7 o c
90,000 human population
28 legally registered butcheries
7. 2.2 Study Populations
Local Horro cattle breed
25 cattle slaughtered daily five times a week
3300 slaughter cattle (both male and female )
Slaughter animals are brought from
Sire, Diga, Sasiga , Arjo, Bedelle, Chewakka
Guttin, A/Guddattu, Nekemte
9. 3.3 Study design
Cross sectional and Retrospective study
3.4 Sampling method and sample size
Simple random sampling technique
15 animal carcasses were examined daily five times a
week
940 animals were examined for the BTB using abattoir
meat inspection during the study period
The tissue specimen for culture were collected
into sterile universal bottle in normal saline and
kept in deep freezer (-20oC) at Nekemte
Veterinary Clinic
Tissue samples were transported to the Aklilu
Lemma Institute of Pathobiology of Addis Ababa
University (ALIPB, AAU) TB laboratory in a ice bag
every 2 weeks for mycobacterial culture.
10. 3.5 Study Methodology
Routine postmortem meat inspections
Detailed Postmortem examination
Bacteriology
Culture of the Mycobacterium(Pyruvate and Glycerol enriched L-J media)
Zeil Nelson staining for bacilli detection
Retrospective human TB data collected from Nekemte H.
3.6 Data collection
Sex
Body condition score
Age category
Frequency of anatomical sites where lesions found were recorded.
The results of detailed laboratory examination and bacteriology
were recorded
Human TB data record from Nekemte Hospital
11. Data analysis
Chi-square test statistic (X2)
Sensitivity
Specificity
Test of agreement (Kappa Value)
12. Result and Discussion
1. Postmortem results( Table 1 & 2 and Pic)
Prevalence=5.1 % (48/940) based on detailed
meat inspection , this is similar with the
results of Ameni and Wudie, 2003 from
Wuchale Jidda
P =0.53% (5/940 based on routine meat inspection
Estimated ratio of lesions RM/ D M=1:10.4. (Mammo,
2007)
Estimated probability of mis sing lesions with BTB,
using the routine meat inspection 89.6%
Poor agreement (0. 1 8).
Low sensetivity of RMI (10.4%)
Statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was
recorded in s e x , Mammo, 2007 found similar results
in Adama abattoir
13. BTB abattoir lesions(m acroscopic findings )
A cumscribed yellowish lesions
Grannlomatous tubercle lesions
In two of 48 postmortem positive in lungs, abdominal
thoracic cavities and mesentery milliary tuberculosis was
found
Distribution of tuberculous lesions found in 124 different
organs and tissues
48.4% lungs and associated LN
22.5% retropharyngeal LN
13.7% mesenteric LN
8.06% in liver
7.25% in hepatic LN
14. Table 3: Summary of tuberculous lesions by sex, age and body condition
score
Variables No Positi Negati % 95% CI X2 P-value
Examin ve ve Positive
ed
Total 940 48 892 5.1 0.0369- 4.48 0.11
0.061
Sex 14.2 0.000
Male 862 37 825 4.29 0.029-0.56
Female 78 11 67 14.1 0.062-0.220
Age 4.74 0.094
<5 57 6 51 10.5 0.15-0.97
6-10 624 27 597 4.33 0.21-1.49
>11 259 15 243 5.8 0.13-1.05
BCS 5.33 0.069
Poor 34 0 34 0 0.50-1.80
edium 701 32 669 4.6 0.5-3.09
Good 205 16 189 7.8 0.467-2.99
15. Table 2: Comparison of routine meat inspection and detailed meat
inspection for examination of tissues for the detection of carcasses with
tuberculous lesions.
Sens =10.42%, Kappa=0.18
RMI/DMI=1:10.4
Routine Meat Detailed Meat Inspection Total
Inspection
Positive Negative
Positive 5 0 5
Negative 43 892 935
Total 48 892 940
16. Figure 1. Frequency of occurrence of tuberculous lesions in different
tissuesand/or organs of cattle slaughtered in Nekemte abattoir during the
study period
30
25
20
Frequency of
15
Lesions
10
5
0
Mediast BronchRetroph Mesen Hepatic lung Liver
Tissues/ Organs
17. 2 Culture result (table 3)
40 Specimens submitted to A L IPB, TB L aboratory
C olony growth was observed in 8 samples
6 speci me n from car c ass es with visible TB lesion
2 specimens from carca sses with no visible TB lesion
6 on py ru vate enriched LJ media
2 on glycerol enriched LJ media
All eight samples subject a cid fast stain and bacilli were
observed
3 . Retrospective data result (Pic 2)
34,747 Tb cases
20,776(59.8%) pulmonary TB
13,971(40.2%) Extrap u limony TB similar results are
reported in Wuchale Jida 16.5 by Amenu, 2002, 38.5 in
Addis Ababa by Kiro, 1998, 27.5 in Adama by Mammo,
2007,
Demissie et al , 1997, reported 44% TB patient were HIV +
18. Table 2: Evaluation of Detailed laboratory examination for the detection of
tuberculous carcass based on bacteriology result
Sens=75%, Spec=11.76%, Kappa=0. 98%
Detailed Bacteriology Total
Laboratory
Positive Negative
Examination
Positive 6 28 34
Negative 2 4 6
Total 8 32 40
19. Figure 2. Trend and forms of human TB
recorded at Nekemte Hospital between
2000 and 2007
7000
Frequency of TB
6000
5000 Year
cases
4000 PTB
3000 EPTB
2000
Total
1000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Year
20. Conclusions
Moderate prevalence of BTB was obtained in
this study
Very low sensitivity of routine meat inspection to
detect tuberculous lesions in postmortem
positive carcasses
Most tuberculous lesions are detected in lung
and associated lymph nodes,
Extra pulmonary form of human TB is in
increasing trend
21. Recommendations:
Attempt should be made to improve the sensitivity
of routine meat inspection
BTB should be considered as a national issue
Detailed studies should be conducted to know the
status of the disease through out the country
Public health awareness should be raised
Strict collaboration of medical and veterinary
personnel's is critical