this ppt depicts pattern of bone destruction. its a very good slide show showing the process of bone formation, bone destruction and their patterns in periodontal diseases.
Bone loss and patterns of bone destructionvidushiKhanna1
- introduction
- bone resorption
- factors causing bone destruction in periodontal disease
-- destruction by extension of gingival inflammation
--- histopathology
--- pathways of spread of inflammation
--- radius of action
--- periods of destruction
---- mechanism of destruction
-- bone destruction caused by TFO
-- bone destruction caused by systemic disorders
- factors determining bone morphology in periodontal disease
-- normal variation of alveolar bone
-- exostosis
-- butressing bone formation
-- food impaction
-- agressive periodontitis
- patterns of bone destruction
-- horizontal bone loss
-- vertical or angular defects
-- osseous craters
-- bulbous bone contours
-- reversed architecture
-- ledges
- furcation involvement
-- classification
-conclusion
Bone loss and patterns of bone destructionvidushiKhanna1
- introduction
- bone resorption
- factors causing bone destruction in periodontal disease
-- destruction by extension of gingival inflammation
--- histopathology
--- pathways of spread of inflammation
--- radius of action
--- periods of destruction
---- mechanism of destruction
-- bone destruction caused by TFO
-- bone destruction caused by systemic disorders
- factors determining bone morphology in periodontal disease
-- normal variation of alveolar bone
-- exostosis
-- butressing bone formation
-- food impaction
-- agressive periodontitis
- patterns of bone destruction
-- horizontal bone loss
-- vertical or angular defects
-- osseous craters
-- bulbous bone contours
-- reversed architecture
-- ledges
- furcation involvement
-- classification
-conclusion
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
This presentation describes the gingival recession, its classifications and theories of pathogenesis and different etiological factors in its progression.
Bone loss & patterns of bone loss / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
The future of dentistry and periodontics lies in regeneration. The goals of periodontal therapy lies in not only the arrest of periodontal disease progression but also regeneration of the lost periodontal structures. This presentation provides a review of the current understanding of the regeneration of the periodontium and the procedures involved to restore the periodontal tissues around the teeth.
In periodontology, classifications are widely used to categorize defects due to periodontitis according to their etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Several classifications have been proposed in the literature in order to facilitate the diagnosis of gingival recessions.
This presentation describes the gingival recession, its classifications and theories of pathogenesis and different etiological factors in its progression.
Bone loss & patterns of bone loss / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable
The future of dentistry and periodontics lies in regeneration. The goals of periodontal therapy lies in not only the arrest of periodontal disease progression but also regeneration of the lost periodontal structures. This presentation provides a review of the current understanding of the regeneration of the periodontium and the procedures involved to restore the periodontal tissues around the teeth.
BONE LOSS AND PATTERNS OF BONE DESTRUCTION ishu.pptxDr. Ishu SINGLA
Presentation on topic Bone Loss And Patterns of Bone Destruction.
This is for reading and knowledge purpose only. Text is taken from Standard books only.
explained here is bone loos and patterns of bone loos in alveolar bone to various insults . Dr Harshavardhan pawal also gives emphasis on rate on bone loss and radius of action .
Bone loss & patterns of bone loss /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
4.
The bone that forms and
supports the tooth is
called ALVEOLAR
PROCESS
Destruction of the bone
is responsible for tooth
loss.
As the tooth is shed this
bone resorbs
5.
Facial and lingual compact bone
Socket wall consist of dense lamellated bone
and bundle bone
Interdental septum consist of cancellous
bone.
6. Average distance of alveolar bone
and Cemento-enamel junction:
Young Adult: 0.75mm - 1.49mm
Old age: 1.08mm – 2.81mm
Mesiodistal angulation of crest of
interdental septum usually parallels a
line drawn between Cementoenamel
junction of approximating teeth.
14.
The height and density of alveolar bone is
normally maintained by an equilibrium,
regulated by loacal and systemic factors
between bone resorption and bone formation
When this resorption exceeds formation both
bone height and density are reduced.
In periodontal disease, even the bone
morphology is altered.
15.
16. BONE DESTRUCTION
PATTERN
Horizonal bone loss
Bone deformities
Vertical or angular defect
Osseous craters
Bulbous bone contour
Reversed architecture
Ledges
Furcation involvement
FACTORS CAUSING
DESTRUCTION OF
BONE
Extension of gingival inflammation
Trauma from occlusion
Systemic disorders
FACTORS DETERMINIG
BONE MORPHOLOGY
Normal variation in alveolar bone
Exostoses
Trauma from occlusion
Buttressing bone formation
Food impaction
Aggressive periodontitis
17. The most common pathway
The inflammatory invasion of bone surface and the initial bone
loss marks the transition from gingivitis to periodontitis.
This transition is associated with changes in composition of
bactrerial host and resistance og host.
In advances stages of disease, the number of motile organism
and spirochete increases, whereas the coccoid rods and
straight rods decreases.
The lesion presents with most pathogenic bacteria,
inflammatory cell infiltrate, lesion becoming more destructive
with conversion of T- lymphocyte to B-lymphocytic lesion.
18. 1. Interproximally from gingiva
into bone
2. From bone into periodontal
ligament
3. From gingiva into periodontal
ligament
19. 1.
Facially and lingually
from gingiva along the
outer periosteum.
2.
From periosteum into
bone
3.
From gingiva into
periodontal ligament
20. Gingival inflammation
Marrow spaces
Replaced by leucocytes and fluid exudates, new blood vessels and
proliferating fibroblasts
Increase in osteoclasts and mononuclear cells
Thinning of bone trabeculae and enlargement of marrow spaces
Destruction of bone and reduction of bone height
Replacement of fatty bone marrow with fibrous type
21. Area of inflammation extends from gingiva into suprabony area.
Extension of inflammation occurs along blood vessels and
between collagen bundles.
Inflammation extending from pocket area between collagen
fibres, which are partially destroyed.
Extension of inflammation into centre of interdental septum.
Inflammation from gingiva penetrates transseptal fibres and
enters the bone around blood vessels in the centre of septum.
Cortical layer at the top of septum are destroyed and
inflammation penetrates into bone marrow.
Re-formation of trans-septal fibres. Recreated transseptal fibres
above the bone margin, partially infiltrated by inflammatory
process.
Extension of inflammation to crestal bone surface.
22. 1.5 to 2.5mm within which a bacterial plaque can
induce loss of bone.
For interproximal angular defect space have to be
greater than 2.5 mm because in narrow spaces bone
is entirely destroyed leading to horizontal bone
defects.
Large defects exceeding 2.5mm can be seen in
localised juvenile periodontitis and Pappilon-lefevre
syndrome
23. in individual with no oral hygiene
facial surface: 0.2mm a year
proximal surface: 0.3 mm a year
Bone loss may vary depending on the type of disease
present.
Rapid progression
8%
Loss of attachment of 0.1 to 1.0mm
Moderate
progression
81%
Loss of attachment of 0.05mm to
0.5mm
Minimal or no
progression
11%
0.05mm to 0.09mm yearly
24.
Occurs in episodic, intermittent manner with
period of inactivity or quiescence.
Results in loss of collagen and alveolar bone
resulting in deepening of periodontal pocket.
The reason for onset, not elucidated.
Some theories have been put forward
25.
subgingival ulceration and an acute inflammatory reaction,
resulting in rapid loss of alveolar bone.
this coincides with the conversion of a predominantly Tlymphocyte lesion to one with a predominantly Blymphocyte–plasma cell infiltrate.
Microbiologically they are associated with an increase of the
loose, unattached, motile, gram-negative, anaerobic pocket
flora, while periods of remission coincide with the formation
of a dense, unattached, nonmotile, gram-positive flora with
a tendency to mineralize.
the onset of periods of destruction coincide with tissue
invasion by one or several bacterial species and is followed
by an advanced local host defense that controls the attack.
26.
(a) bacterial
(b) host mediated.
Bacterial plaque products induce the differentiation of bone progenitor cells into osteoclasts and
stimulate gingival cells to release mediators that have the same effect.
Plaque products and inflammatory mediators can also act directly on osteoblasts or their progenitors,
inhibiting their action and reducing their numbers.
In addition, in rapidly progressing diseases such as aggressive periodontitis, bacterial microcolonies or
single bacterial cells have been found between collagen fibers and over the bone surface, suggesting a
direct effect.
Several host factors released by inflammatory cells are capable of inducing bone resorption in vitro
and play a role in periodontal disease. These include host-produced prostaglandins and their
precursors, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and IL-β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).
When injected intradermally, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces the vascular changes seen in
inflammation; when injected over a bone surface, PGE2 induces bone resorption in the absence of
inflammatory cells and with few multinucleated osteoclasts.
In addition, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as flurbiprofen and ibuprofen, inhibit
PGE2 production, slowing bone loss in naturally occurring periodontal disease in beagle dogs and
humans. This effect occurs without changes in gingival inflammation and rebounds 6 months after
cessation of drug administration.
27.
28.
29. Normal variation in alveolar bone:
The anatomic feautres that affect bone destructive
pattern in periodontal disease includes:
The thickness,width and crestal angulation of
interdental septa
The thickness of facial and lingual alveolar plates
Presence of fenestrations and dehiscences
The alignment of teeth
Root and root trunk anatomy
Root position within the alveolar process
Proximity with another tooth surface
30.
Exostoses are outgrowths of bone Of
varied size and shape.
Palatal exostoses have been found in
40% of human skulls.
They can occur as small nodules,
large nodules, sharp ridges, spike-like
projections, or any combination of
these.
Exostoses have been described in rare
cases «is developing after the
placement of free gingival grafts
31.
Trauma from occlusion may be
a factor in determining the
dimension and shape of bone
deformities.
It may cause a thickening ol
the cervical margin of alveolar
bone or a change in the
morphology of the bone on
which inflammatory changes
will later be superimposed
32. Bone formation sometimes occurs in
an attempt to buttress bony trabeculae
weakened by resorption.
When it occurs within the jaw, it is
termed central buttressing bone
formation.
When it occurs on the external surface,
it is referred to as peripheral
buttressing bone formation.
The latter may cause bulging of the
bone contour, termed lipping, which
sometimes accompanies the
production of osseous craters and
angular detects
33. Interdental bone defects often occur where
proximal contact is abnormal or absent. Pressure
and irritation from food impaction contribute to
the inverted hone architecture.
In some instances the poor proximal
relationship may be the result of a shift in tooth
position because of extensive bone destruction
preceding food impaction
35.
The most common
pattern
Bone is reduced in
height
Bone margins remain
perpendicular to tooth
surface
Interdental septa, facial
and lingual cortical
plates are affected.
36.
37.
Occur in adults
Have been reports in
skulls with primary
dentition..
Presence is suggested
on radiographs
Careful probing and
surgical exposure of
areas is required.
38. Occur in oblique direction
Leaves a hollowed out trough in
the bone alongside root
Base of defect is apical to the
surrounding bone.
Angular defect and intrabony
periodontal pocket
Classified on basis of number of
walls:
one wall defect
two walled defect
three walled defect
combined osseous defect
41.
Concavities in the crest of alveolar
bone
Confined to facial and lingual walls
Resons for high frequency
interdental craters:
interdentally area collects plaque
and is difficult to clean.
The normal flat or even concave
faciolingual shape of interdental
septum in lower molars favours
plaque formation.
Vascular patterns from gingiva to
crest-pathway for inflammation.
43.
Defects produced
by loss of
interdental bone
Includes facial
plates and lingual
plates without
concomitant loss
of radicular bone.
Maxilla more
common
44.
These are plateau like bone margins caused
by resorption of thickened bony plates.
45.
It refers to the involvement of
bifurcations and trifurcations
of multirooted teeth by
periodontal disease.
Most common in mandibular
molars.
Least common in maxillary
premolar.
Furcation anatomy:
area of root separation
Surface coronal to root
separation
Root furcation
46. GRADEI :
Also called as early lesion.
Suprabony pocket involving soft tissue
Radiographic changes not usually found
as bone loss is minimal, but increase in
probing depth
GRADEII:
Bone destroyed in one or more surfaces
of furcation
Part of PDL, alveolar bone remains intact,
allows partial penetration of bone.
Radiograph may or may not show presence
47.
GRADEIII :
Interradicular bone completely missing. Facial and
lingual or both orifices of furation canot be seen
clinically because of soft tissue coverage.
Bone loss crater like or angular.
Radiograph at proper angulation shows furcation.
GRADE I V:
Clinically visible if gingival reseccion is present.
Radiograph reveals easy furcation involvement
48. DEGREE I: Horizontal bone loss less than 3mm
DEGREE II: Horizontal bone loss more than 3mm
DEGREE III: through and through horizontal lesion
Vertical bone loss is measured in mm from the roof of the furcation
Subclass A: Vertical destruction to one-third of total radicular height (1-3mm)
Subclass B: Vertical destruction reaching two-third of inter-radicular height (4-6mm)
Subclass C: Inter-radicular osseous destruction into or beyond apical third (>7mmm)
49.
50. Mandibular Molars
Buccal Furcation
Place the probe between
the two buccal roots from
the buccal aspect
Mandibular Molars
Lingual Furcation
Place the probe between
the two lingual roots from
the lingual aspect
51.
Should include both
periapical and bitewing
Location of the
interdental bone and bone
level within the root
complex should be
examined