Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental health condition where one cannot stop thinking about a perceived flaw in their appearance that is not observable or only slightly noticeable to others. It causes significant distress and impairment and is often comorbid with depression, social anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Treatment involves cognitive behavioral therapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

1. Shazia Khan
BODY DYSMORPHIC
DISORDER

4. BODY DYSMORPHIC
DISORDER
 Body Dysmorphic disorder is a mental health disorder in which you
can’t stop thinking about one or more perceived defects or flaws in
your appearance. A flaw that appears minor or can’t be seen by others.
But you may feel so embarrassed, ashamed and anxious that you may
avoid many social situations

5. SYMPTOMS OF BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER
 Looking in the mirror constantly
 Body rocking
 Skin picking
 Lack of sleep
 Inability to focus
 Decreased appetite
 Lack of empathy

6. SYMPTOMS OF BDD
 Lethargy
 Self-assurance seeking
 Social withdrawal
 Aggressive outbursts
 Suicidal tendencies

7. CAUSES OF BDD
 Neurotransmitter defects
 Low self esteem
 Childhood trauma
 Parent’s who were critical of their child’s appearance
 Peer and social impact

8. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BDD
 Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in
physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to
others.
 At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has
performed repetitive behaviours ( e.g. mirror checking, excessive
grooming, skin picking) or mental acts( e.g. comparing his or her
appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance
concerns.

9. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR BDD
 The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment
in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning.
 The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with
body fat or weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic
criteria for an eating disorder.

11.  Avoidant personality
disorders
 Paranoid personality
disorders
 Suicidal tendencies
 84% Depression
 49% Substance-use
disorders
 40% Social phobia
 33% Obsessive-compulsive
disorder
PATIENT WITH BDD ALSO HAVE OTHER
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

13. PREVALENCE AND COURSES
 2.5% in female, 2.2 % in males
 Higher among dermatology patients and cosmetic surgery patients (
about 10-16%)
 Higher among Orthadontia patients (about 10%)
 Mean age of onset is 16-17 years old
 Most common age is 12-13 years old
 The disorder is chronic if no treatment is provided
 Individuals diagnosed before age 18 have a higher risk of suicide, have
more comorbidity.

14. RISK FACTORS
1. Environmental childhood neglect and abuse
2. Genetic higher prevalence in first-degree relatives with OCD.
3. Shyness
4. Past History of Dermatological problems
5. Anxiety

15. CONSEQUENCES OF BDD
 Impaired psychosocial functioning
 Quality of life decreases
 Impairment in job or school
 20% of youth with BDD report dropping out of school
 Psychiatric hospitalization is common.

16. INTERESTING FACTS
 BDD has been reported internationally.
 Males are more likely to genital preoccupations.
 Females more likely to have a comorbid eating disorder.
 Muscle dysphoria occurs mostly in males.
 Rates of suicidal ideation and attempts are high.
 Comorbid with eating disorders, social anxiety, and OCD.

19. ETIOLOGY
The pathophysiology may involve Serotinin because
 High co morbidity with depressive disorders
 Family History of mood Disorders
 Family history of OCD
 Responsiveness to serotonin- Specific Drugs

20.  Eating disorders
 Other obsessive
compulsive and related
disorders
 Major depressive
disorder
 Anxiety disorders
 Psychotic disorders
 Major depressive
disorder
 Social anxiety disorder
 OCD
 Substance – related
disorders
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
COMORBIDITY

21. TREATMENT OF BDD
 Cognitive- Behavioural therapy(CBT)
 Exposure Therapy
 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
 A combination of SSRIs and cognitive behavioural
therapy

23. • https://youtu.be/kNrxksPbgUg
• https://youtu.be/sTJY2Q_yZyY