This document discusses self-injurious behaviors, including definitions, types, epidemiology, etiology, gender and cultural aspects, and treatment options. It defines self-injurious behaviors as self-directed acts that result in tissue damage without suicidal intention. Major types include stereotypic behaviors seen in developmental disorders and superficial behaviors seen in personality disorders and incarcerated populations. Treatment involves pharmacological interventions like SSRIs and behavioral therapies to develop coping skills and reduce urges to self-harm. Gender differences in methods and prevalence are discussed, as well as culturally sanctioned practices of body modification.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychological disorder where patients are excessively concerned about a perceived flaw in their physical appearance. BDD was first described in the late 19th century and is now recognized by the American Psychiatric Association. It affects about 0.7-3% of the population and commonly presents in dental practices. Patients with BDD may request cosmetic procedures but are rarely satisfied with treatment outcomes and their concerns typically shift to another body part. The disorder is best managed through cognitive behavioral therapy and medication rather than further cosmetic treatments.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Addiction {Co-Occurring} Mental Health Disorders Story of HOPE & SURVIVALMemoirs Rhonda Johnson
This document discusses co-occurring disorders, where an individual suffers from both a mental health disorder and substance abuse disorder. It notes that co-occurring disorders can be difficult to diagnose as the symptoms can mask one another. Only a small percentage of individuals receive treatment for both conditions. Those with co-occurring disorders face greater challenges including higher rates of issues like relapse and homelessness compared to those with a single disorder. The document advocates for greater understanding and treatment of co-occurring disorders.
Body dysmorphic disorder in adult orthodontic patients /certified fixed ortho...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Factitious disorder involves consciously creating physical or psychological symptoms of illness without having an actual medical condition. There are two types: one where an individual fakes symptoms in themselves (factitious disorder imposed on self), and one where a person induces illness in another person such as a child (factitious disorder imposed on another). It is more common in females and treatment can be challenging as patients often lack motivation and may not engage in treatment.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental illness where people perceive flaws in their appearance that are either minor or nonexistent. They obsess over these perceived flaws and feel the need to constantly fix or hide them. The document discusses BDD in terms of epidemiology, clinical features, types, psychological impacts, treatment, case studies, and famous people who had it. It states BDD affects 2-8% of the population worldwide and involves obsessive thoughts about appearance and behaviors to fix perceived flaws. Treatment involves psychotherapy and medication to reduce negative thoughts.
This document discusses stigma related to substance use disorders. It defines different types of stigma, including public stigma, self-stigma, perceived stigma, label avoidance, stigma by association, structural stigma, and health practitioner stigma. Stigma creates barriers to treatment and recovery. The language used to describe substance use disorders can impact stigma, so person-first and recovery-centered language is recommended. Reducing stigma requires efforts like educating staff, communities, and media; engaging in policy discussions; and using evidence-based tools. Current events can also influence levels of stigma.
This document discusses self-injurious behaviors, including definitions, types, epidemiology, etiology, gender and cultural aspects, and treatment options. It defines self-injurious behaviors as self-directed acts that result in tissue damage without suicidal intention. Major types include stereotypic behaviors seen in developmental disorders and superficial behaviors seen in personality disorders and incarcerated populations. Treatment involves pharmacological interventions like SSRIs and behavioral therapies to develop coping skills and reduce urges to self-harm. Gender differences in methods and prevalence are discussed, as well as culturally sanctioned practices of body modification.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychological disorder where patients are excessively concerned about a perceived flaw in their physical appearance. BDD was first described in the late 19th century and is now recognized by the American Psychiatric Association. It affects about 0.7-3% of the population and commonly presents in dental practices. Patients with BDD may request cosmetic procedures but are rarely satisfied with treatment outcomes and their concerns typically shift to another body part. The disorder is best managed through cognitive behavioral therapy and medication rather than further cosmetic treatments.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Addiction {Co-Occurring} Mental Health Disorders Story of HOPE & SURVIVALMemoirs Rhonda Johnson
This document discusses co-occurring disorders, where an individual suffers from both a mental health disorder and substance abuse disorder. It notes that co-occurring disorders can be difficult to diagnose as the symptoms can mask one another. Only a small percentage of individuals receive treatment for both conditions. Those with co-occurring disorders face greater challenges including higher rates of issues like relapse and homelessness compared to those with a single disorder. The document advocates for greater understanding and treatment of co-occurring disorders.
Body dysmorphic disorder in adult orthodontic patients /certified fixed ortho...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Factitious disorder involves consciously creating physical or psychological symptoms of illness without having an actual medical condition. There are two types: one where an individual fakes symptoms in themselves (factitious disorder imposed on self), and one where a person induces illness in another person such as a child (factitious disorder imposed on another). It is more common in females and treatment can be challenging as patients often lack motivation and may not engage in treatment.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental illness where people perceive flaws in their appearance that are either minor or nonexistent. They obsess over these perceived flaws and feel the need to constantly fix or hide them. The document discusses BDD in terms of epidemiology, clinical features, types, psychological impacts, treatment, case studies, and famous people who had it. It states BDD affects 2-8% of the population worldwide and involves obsessive thoughts about appearance and behaviors to fix perceived flaws. Treatment involves psychotherapy and medication to reduce negative thoughts.
This document discusses stigma related to substance use disorders. It defines different types of stigma, including public stigma, self-stigma, perceived stigma, label avoidance, stigma by association, structural stigma, and health practitioner stigma. Stigma creates barriers to treatment and recovery. The language used to describe substance use disorders can impact stigma, so person-first and recovery-centered language is recommended. Reducing stigma requires efforts like educating staff, communities, and media; engaging in policy discussions; and using evidence-based tools. Current events can also influence levels of stigma.
This document examines addiction as a disease model. It discusses how experimentation with drugs and alcohol can lead to addiction and the cycle of addiction. It defines key terms like addiction, obsession, compulsion, and provides criteria for substance dependence from the DSM-IV. It also notes that severe alcohol problems that meet the DSM-IV criteria would be considered a disease due to clear patterns of signs and symptoms that impair functioning.
This document discusses a web conference on treating co-occurring disorders. It defines co-occurring disorders as the simultaneous existence of substance use disorders and mental health disorders. Approximately 50-75% of those with substance use disorders also have a mental health disorder. The document contrasts traditional treatment models with integrated treatment and argues that integrated treatment, which addresses both disorders simultaneously with one treatment team, has benefits over other models. It provides information on screening and assessment tools, levels of care, and evidence-based therapies for treating co-occurring disorders.
The document discusses addiction from multiple perspectives:
- Addiction involves biological, psychological, and social factors that result in long-term brain changes and compulsion to use substances despite harm. It is considered a chronic disease by medical organizations.
- Most people seeking treatment for substance use disorders or mental illness also have a concurrent or co-occurring disorder. Treatment aims to stabilize the individual, help them understand their disease and develop relapse prevention skills.
- Recovery is a lifelong process of maintaining abstinence through structure, managing co-occurring issues, and reintegrating into family and community life with support. Understanding addiction helps individuals and families.
Diogenes syndrome, also known as senile squalor syndrome, is a behavioral disorder characterized by extreme self-neglect, domestic squalor, social withdrawal, apathy, and compulsive hoarding of garbage. It was first recognized in 1966 and can be caused by frontal lobe impairment or underlying conditions like dementia, schizophrenia, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is no formal treatment, but management may involve treating underlying conditions, intensive therapy, or placing patients in long-term residential care facilities.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a psychiatric diagnosis where a person displays multiple distinct identities or personalities, each with their own memories and patterns of behavior. DID is caused by severe childhood trauma like abuse and neglect. The child dissociates or splits their identity as a coping mechanism. Symptoms include memory loss, depression, hallucinations, and an inability to account for certain events. Treatment focuses on psychotherapy to help integrate the different personalities. DID is difficult to treat and prognosis depends on comorbid conditions and ability to remove oneself from abusive situations.
Douglas Ziedonis M.D. -
Member, RiverMend Health Scientific Advisory Board for Addiction & Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School & UMass Memorial Health Care
Dr. Ziedonis addresses the RiverMend Health Scientific Advisory Board on co-occurring addictions and processes to help treat them.
To watch lecture visit :http://vimeo.com/100314352
For more information visit: http://www.rivermendhealth.com/scientific-advisory-board-addiction.html
Legal & ethical issues provisions and programmes for elderlypradeepmk8
This document discusses several ethical issues related to research involving elderly subjects. It notes that elderly subjects may be more vulnerable due to physiological and psychological factors. Key issues include obtaining proper informed consent, assessing subjects' ability to make decisions, and evaluating risks and benefits of research for this population. The document calls for more interdisciplinary research on ethical guidelines to properly address these challenges and protect elderly participants.
This document provides information on obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in 4 parts:
1. Introduction - OCPD is characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility. It affects 1-2% of the population.
2. Prevalence - Men are more likely to be affected than women. Those with higher education are also more likely. Comorbidity with mood/anxiety disorders is common.
3. Diagnostic Criteria - To be diagnosed requires 4 of 7 criteria related to perfectionism, orderliness, mental/interpersonal control, rigidity, and reluctance to delegate.
4. Management - Cognitive-behavioral therapy may help reduce perfectionism. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
The document discusses dual diagnosis, which refers to the co-occurrence of mental health and substance use disorders. It notes that substance use is common among those with mental illness, with rates as high as 30-70% among those in treatment settings. Reasons for substance use among those with mental illness include self-medicating symptoms, countering medication side effects, and social factors. Integrated, holistic treatment is recommended that focuses on engagement and harm reduction rather than abstinence. Mainstreaming services within mental health systems while collaborating with addiction services is advocated.
The document discusses impairment, disability, and handicap. It defines impairment as any loss or abnormality of body structure or function, disability as a restriction in performing activities considered normal, and handicap as limitations preventing fulfillment of roles regarded as normal based on social and cultural factors. It also discusses attitudes toward disability, differences in how disabled people perceive their situation, mechanisms for coping with handicaps such as shock, denial, anger, depression, and guilt, and the roles of social factors and staff attitudes.
A study examined whether clinicians exhibited sex bias in diagnosing personality disorders. 354 clinical psychologists were given case histories of patients exhibiting symptoms of antisocial personality disorder or histrionic personality disorder and asked to provide diagnoses. The study found that females with antisocial personality disorder symptoms were misdiagnosed with histrionic personality disorder 46% of the time, while males were only misdiagnosed 15% of the time. Clinicians also correctly diagnosed histrionic personality disorder in 76% of females but only 44% of males. The results suggest clinicians hold stereotypical views of gender that influence their diagnoses.
This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, classification, causes, and management. Mental retardation is defined as deficits in general intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning that begins in childhood. It is classified into four types based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. The causes include genetic factors, early alterations in development, pregnancy/birth complications, medical conditions after birth, and environmental influences. Management involves primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention through health promotion, early diagnosis/treatment, disability limitation, education/training, counseling, and hospitalization if needed.
Mental Illness And The Aging PresentationLisawhitten
Mental illness is often misdiagnosed or left untreated in the aging population due to the misconception that it is a normal part of aging. This can lead to increased suicide rates, social issues if left untreated, and a lack of treatment options. Proper screening for mental illness during regular doctor's visits through questionnaires can help identify issues earlier and refer patients to specialists. Increased education is needed for both patients and practitioners regarding mental illness and treatment in the elderly.
Factitious disorder involves intentionally producing or feigning physical or psychological symptoms to assume the sick role and gain emotional care and attention. There are three main types - with predominantly psychological symptoms, physical symptoms, or both. It affects about 0.8-1.0% of medical patients and is more common in women. The motivation is often due to childhood abuse or deprivation and seeking to recreate a caring parent-child bond through feigning illness. Treatment aims to reduce health risks, address underlying needs or diagnoses, and consider legal and ethical issues.
Multiple Personalities
Multiple Personalities
Multiple personalities is a rare mental disorder in which an individual's personality appears to be separated by two or more specific personalities, all being connectable to that of a normal individual.
Incidence
Statistics show that the rate of DID occurrences are roughly .01% to 1% of the general population.
-More than 1/3 of people say that they feel as if they are watching themselves in a movie at times, and 7% of the population may have undiagnosed dissociative disorder.
Causes
The causes of multiple personalities disorder is controversial. The debate of many different hypothesis include:
-Could possibly be a reaction to a trauma.
-An innate ability to dissociate easily.
-Repeated episodes of severe physical or sexual abuse
as a child.
-The lack of supportive or comforting people to counteract
abusive relationships.
-The influence of other relatives with dissociative
symptoms or disorders.
Symptoms
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, symptoms include "the presence or two or more distinct identities or personality traits"that alternate control of the individuals behavior, accompanied by the inability to recall personal information beyond what is expected through normal forgetfulness.
-Amnesia
-Depersonalization
-Derealization
-Identity Disturbances
Diagnosis
There is not real way to determine whether or not a person has DID. Many physicians have different outlooks on what DID is and what determines if a patient has the disorder or not. Most are misdiagnosed as depressed. But the average DID patient is in the mental health care system for 6 to 7 years before being diagnosed as a person with DID.
-The criteria, according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, require that an adult be recurrently controlled by two or more discrete personalities, accompanied my memory lapses for important information that is not caused by alcohol, drugs, or medications.
Home Base Business Opportunities
http://freedomofsuccess.com
A complete 8-Step 'Money Getting' Formula ($297 Value) In this High-Value Video Training Series, I'll learn the most effective ways to build a successful online business and the Core 'Must Have' principals to Effective Entrepreneurship in today’s market. These videos outline your BIGGEST money making principals all in one place Watch Video Here http://freedomofsuccess.com
The Prevalence and Adverse Associations of Stigmatization in People with Eati...Scoti Riff
To date, studies of stigma relating to eating disorders have been largely confined to surveys of the public. We sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of stigma as reported by individuals with eating disorders. An online survey designed to assess frequency of exposure to potentially stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs as well as the perceived impact of this on health and well-being was completed by a cross-national sample of 317 individuals with anorexia nervosa (n = 165), bulimia nervosa (n = 66), or Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS; n = 86). Participants rated two beliefs as both particularly common and particularly damaging, namely “I should be able to just pull myself together” and “I am personally responsible for my condition”. Participants with bulimia nervosa more commonly experienced the belief that they had "no self-control" and male participants more commonly experienced the belief that they were “less of a man". More frequent stigmatization was associated with higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology, a longer duration of disorder, lower self-esteem, and more self-stigma of seeking psychological help. Stigma towards individuals with eating disorders, as experienced by sufferers, is common and associated with numerous adverse outcomes. The perceptions that eating disorders are trivial and self-inflicted should be a focus of destigmatization interventions. Efforts to reduce stigma towards individuals with bulimia nervosa may need to focus on perceptions of self-control, whereas efforts to reduce stigma towards males with eating disorders may need to focus on perceptions of masculinity/manhood.
Diagnostic criteria for somatization disorderovalaz
Psychological factors are judged to be associated with the symptom or deficit because the initiation or exacerbation of the symptom or deficit is preceded by conflicts or other stressors.
3. National substance abuse treatment trends in the US show that in 2002, 3.5 million people received treatment, mostly for alcohol (54%) or drugs (46%). The majority of those in treatment were male (70%) and white (50%). Marijuana (38%), heroin (25.5%), and cocaine (19.1%) were the primary drugs treated.
2. Current drug use trends in the US from 2002 data show widespread use of marijuana (14.6 million users), hallucinogens like Ecstasy (1.2 million users), cocaine (2 million users), and non-medical use of prescription drugs like pain relievers (4.4 million users). Alcohol remains the most widely
This document discusses factitious disorder, including factitious disorder imposed on self and factitious disorder imposed on another. It defines the disorders, provides diagnostic criteria, and discusses epidemiology, etiology, history, and nosology. Factitious disorder involves the intentional falsification or simulation of physical or psychological signs and symptoms for psychological reasons.
This document discusses chronic tic disorders and Tourette's disorder. It covers signs and symptoms which can range from mild to severe and include both motor and vocal tics. The causes are still unknown but are thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. Boys are at higher risk than girls. Diagnosis is based on symptoms meeting certain criteria over time. Treatment options depend on severity and impairment, starting with behavioral therapy and potentially including medication.
The document discusses Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Hypochondriasis. It compares the two disorders and outlines their key characteristics, including prevalence, demographics, comorbidities, and treatments. BDD involves a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance. Hypochondriasis involves a preoccupation with fears of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. Both disorders share similarities with OCD but also have distinct features and impacts on quality of life. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an appropriate treatment approach for both.
Behavioural and emotional problems
Investigations
A complete developmental history and examination is important: not just social/emotional, but also speech, hearing, or cognitive problems, which can also cause behavioural problems.
Learn the ABC of the problems:
• Antecedents
• Behaviour
• Consequence
Separation anxiety
• Anxiety about separation from main caregiver.
• Part of normal development from 6-8 months.
• By 2 years it usually reduces as they can extend attachment to others, and by school age they can normally tolerate hours away from parents.
• Its persistence or re-emergence beyond this time may be pathological, and known as separation anxiety disorder.
This document examines addiction as a disease model. It discusses how experimentation with drugs and alcohol can lead to addiction and the cycle of addiction. It defines key terms like addiction, obsession, compulsion, and provides criteria for substance dependence from the DSM-IV. It also notes that severe alcohol problems that meet the DSM-IV criteria would be considered a disease due to clear patterns of signs and symptoms that impair functioning.
This document discusses a web conference on treating co-occurring disorders. It defines co-occurring disorders as the simultaneous existence of substance use disorders and mental health disorders. Approximately 50-75% of those with substance use disorders also have a mental health disorder. The document contrasts traditional treatment models with integrated treatment and argues that integrated treatment, which addresses both disorders simultaneously with one treatment team, has benefits over other models. It provides information on screening and assessment tools, levels of care, and evidence-based therapies for treating co-occurring disorders.
The document discusses addiction from multiple perspectives:
- Addiction involves biological, psychological, and social factors that result in long-term brain changes and compulsion to use substances despite harm. It is considered a chronic disease by medical organizations.
- Most people seeking treatment for substance use disorders or mental illness also have a concurrent or co-occurring disorder. Treatment aims to stabilize the individual, help them understand their disease and develop relapse prevention skills.
- Recovery is a lifelong process of maintaining abstinence through structure, managing co-occurring issues, and reintegrating into family and community life with support. Understanding addiction helps individuals and families.
Diogenes syndrome, also known as senile squalor syndrome, is a behavioral disorder characterized by extreme self-neglect, domestic squalor, social withdrawal, apathy, and compulsive hoarding of garbage. It was first recognized in 1966 and can be caused by frontal lobe impairment or underlying conditions like dementia, schizophrenia, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is no formal treatment, but management may involve treating underlying conditions, intensive therapy, or placing patients in long-term residential care facilities.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a psychiatric diagnosis where a person displays multiple distinct identities or personalities, each with their own memories and patterns of behavior. DID is caused by severe childhood trauma like abuse and neglect. The child dissociates or splits their identity as a coping mechanism. Symptoms include memory loss, depression, hallucinations, and an inability to account for certain events. Treatment focuses on psychotherapy to help integrate the different personalities. DID is difficult to treat and prognosis depends on comorbid conditions and ability to remove oneself from abusive situations.
Douglas Ziedonis M.D. -
Member, RiverMend Health Scientific Advisory Board for Addiction & Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School & UMass Memorial Health Care
Dr. Ziedonis addresses the RiverMend Health Scientific Advisory Board on co-occurring addictions and processes to help treat them.
To watch lecture visit :http://vimeo.com/100314352
For more information visit: http://www.rivermendhealth.com/scientific-advisory-board-addiction.html
Legal & ethical issues provisions and programmes for elderlypradeepmk8
This document discusses several ethical issues related to research involving elderly subjects. It notes that elderly subjects may be more vulnerable due to physiological and psychological factors. Key issues include obtaining proper informed consent, assessing subjects' ability to make decisions, and evaluating risks and benefits of research for this population. The document calls for more interdisciplinary research on ethical guidelines to properly address these challenges and protect elderly participants.
This document provides information on obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in 4 parts:
1. Introduction - OCPD is characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility. It affects 1-2% of the population.
2. Prevalence - Men are more likely to be affected than women. Those with higher education are also more likely. Comorbidity with mood/anxiety disorders is common.
3. Diagnostic Criteria - To be diagnosed requires 4 of 7 criteria related to perfectionism, orderliness, mental/interpersonal control, rigidity, and reluctance to delegate.
4. Management - Cognitive-behavioral therapy may help reduce perfectionism. Psychodynamic psychotherapy
The document discusses dual diagnosis, which refers to the co-occurrence of mental health and substance use disorders. It notes that substance use is common among those with mental illness, with rates as high as 30-70% among those in treatment settings. Reasons for substance use among those with mental illness include self-medicating symptoms, countering medication side effects, and social factors. Integrated, holistic treatment is recommended that focuses on engagement and harm reduction rather than abstinence. Mainstreaming services within mental health systems while collaborating with addiction services is advocated.
The document discusses impairment, disability, and handicap. It defines impairment as any loss or abnormality of body structure or function, disability as a restriction in performing activities considered normal, and handicap as limitations preventing fulfillment of roles regarded as normal based on social and cultural factors. It also discusses attitudes toward disability, differences in how disabled people perceive their situation, mechanisms for coping with handicaps such as shock, denial, anger, depression, and guilt, and the roles of social factors and staff attitudes.
A study examined whether clinicians exhibited sex bias in diagnosing personality disorders. 354 clinical psychologists were given case histories of patients exhibiting symptoms of antisocial personality disorder or histrionic personality disorder and asked to provide diagnoses. The study found that females with antisocial personality disorder symptoms were misdiagnosed with histrionic personality disorder 46% of the time, while males were only misdiagnosed 15% of the time. Clinicians also correctly diagnosed histrionic personality disorder in 76% of females but only 44% of males. The results suggest clinicians hold stereotypical views of gender that influence their diagnoses.
This document discusses mental retardation, including its definition, classification, causes, and management. Mental retardation is defined as deficits in general intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning that begins in childhood. It is classified into four types based on IQ scores: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. The causes include genetic factors, early alterations in development, pregnancy/birth complications, medical conditions after birth, and environmental influences. Management involves primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention through health promotion, early diagnosis/treatment, disability limitation, education/training, counseling, and hospitalization if needed.
Mental Illness And The Aging PresentationLisawhitten
Mental illness is often misdiagnosed or left untreated in the aging population due to the misconception that it is a normal part of aging. This can lead to increased suicide rates, social issues if left untreated, and a lack of treatment options. Proper screening for mental illness during regular doctor's visits through questionnaires can help identify issues earlier and refer patients to specialists. Increased education is needed for both patients and practitioners regarding mental illness and treatment in the elderly.
Factitious disorder involves intentionally producing or feigning physical or psychological symptoms to assume the sick role and gain emotional care and attention. There are three main types - with predominantly psychological symptoms, physical symptoms, or both. It affects about 0.8-1.0% of medical patients and is more common in women. The motivation is often due to childhood abuse or deprivation and seeking to recreate a caring parent-child bond through feigning illness. Treatment aims to reduce health risks, address underlying needs or diagnoses, and consider legal and ethical issues.
Multiple Personalities
Multiple Personalities
Multiple personalities is a rare mental disorder in which an individual's personality appears to be separated by two or more specific personalities, all being connectable to that of a normal individual.
Incidence
Statistics show that the rate of DID occurrences are roughly .01% to 1% of the general population.
-More than 1/3 of people say that they feel as if they are watching themselves in a movie at times, and 7% of the population may have undiagnosed dissociative disorder.
Causes
The causes of multiple personalities disorder is controversial. The debate of many different hypothesis include:
-Could possibly be a reaction to a trauma.
-An innate ability to dissociate easily.
-Repeated episodes of severe physical or sexual abuse
as a child.
-The lack of supportive or comforting people to counteract
abusive relationships.
-The influence of other relatives with dissociative
symptoms or disorders.
Symptoms
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, symptoms include "the presence or two or more distinct identities or personality traits"that alternate control of the individuals behavior, accompanied by the inability to recall personal information beyond what is expected through normal forgetfulness.
-Amnesia
-Depersonalization
-Derealization
-Identity Disturbances
Diagnosis
There is not real way to determine whether or not a person has DID. Many physicians have different outlooks on what DID is and what determines if a patient has the disorder or not. Most are misdiagnosed as depressed. But the average DID patient is in the mental health care system for 6 to 7 years before being diagnosed as a person with DID.
-The criteria, according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, require that an adult be recurrently controlled by two or more discrete personalities, accompanied my memory lapses for important information that is not caused by alcohol, drugs, or medications.
Home Base Business Opportunities
http://freedomofsuccess.com
A complete 8-Step 'Money Getting' Formula ($297 Value) In this High-Value Video Training Series, I'll learn the most effective ways to build a successful online business and the Core 'Must Have' principals to Effective Entrepreneurship in today’s market. These videos outline your BIGGEST money making principals all in one place Watch Video Here http://freedomofsuccess.com
The Prevalence and Adverse Associations of Stigmatization in People with Eati...Scoti Riff
To date, studies of stigma relating to eating disorders have been largely confined to surveys of the public. We sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of stigma as reported by individuals with eating disorders. An online survey designed to assess frequency of exposure to potentially stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs as well as the perceived impact of this on health and well-being was completed by a cross-national sample of 317 individuals with anorexia nervosa (n = 165), bulimia nervosa (n = 66), or Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS; n = 86). Participants rated two beliefs as both particularly common and particularly damaging, namely “I should be able to just pull myself together” and “I am personally responsible for my condition”. Participants with bulimia nervosa more commonly experienced the belief that they had "no self-control" and male participants more commonly experienced the belief that they were “less of a man". More frequent stigmatization was associated with higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology, a longer duration of disorder, lower self-esteem, and more self-stigma of seeking psychological help. Stigma towards individuals with eating disorders, as experienced by sufferers, is common and associated with numerous adverse outcomes. The perceptions that eating disorders are trivial and self-inflicted should be a focus of destigmatization interventions. Efforts to reduce stigma towards individuals with bulimia nervosa may need to focus on perceptions of self-control, whereas efforts to reduce stigma towards males with eating disorders may need to focus on perceptions of masculinity/manhood.
Diagnostic criteria for somatization disorderovalaz
Psychological factors are judged to be associated with the symptom or deficit because the initiation or exacerbation of the symptom or deficit is preceded by conflicts or other stressors.
3. National substance abuse treatment trends in the US show that in 2002, 3.5 million people received treatment, mostly for alcohol (54%) or drugs (46%). The majority of those in treatment were male (70%) and white (50%). Marijuana (38%), heroin (25.5%), and cocaine (19.1%) were the primary drugs treated.
2. Current drug use trends in the US from 2002 data show widespread use of marijuana (14.6 million users), hallucinogens like Ecstasy (1.2 million users), cocaine (2 million users), and non-medical use of prescription drugs like pain relievers (4.4 million users). Alcohol remains the most widely
This document discusses factitious disorder, including factitious disorder imposed on self and factitious disorder imposed on another. It defines the disorders, provides diagnostic criteria, and discusses epidemiology, etiology, history, and nosology. Factitious disorder involves the intentional falsification or simulation of physical or psychological signs and symptoms for psychological reasons.
This document discusses chronic tic disorders and Tourette's disorder. It covers signs and symptoms which can range from mild to severe and include both motor and vocal tics. The causes are still unknown but are thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. Boys are at higher risk than girls. Diagnosis is based on symptoms meeting certain criteria over time. Treatment options depend on severity and impairment, starting with behavioral therapy and potentially including medication.
The document discusses Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Hypochondriasis. It compares the two disorders and outlines their key characteristics, including prevalence, demographics, comorbidities, and treatments. BDD involves a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance. Hypochondriasis involves a preoccupation with fears of having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. Both disorders share similarities with OCD but also have distinct features and impacts on quality of life. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an appropriate treatment approach for both.
Behavioural and emotional problems
Investigations
A complete developmental history and examination is important: not just social/emotional, but also speech, hearing, or cognitive problems, which can also cause behavioural problems.
Learn the ABC of the problems:
• Antecedents
• Behaviour
• Consequence
Separation anxiety
• Anxiety about separation from main caregiver.
• Part of normal development from 6-8 months.
• By 2 years it usually reduces as they can extend attachment to others, and by school age they can normally tolerate hours away from parents.
• Its persistence or re-emergence beyond this time may be pathological, and known as separation anxiety disorder.
This document provides information on individual differences, intelligence, personality, and psychological disorders. It discusses the different types of intelligence including concrete, social, and abstract intelligence. It also describes personality characteristics and disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, bipolar disorder, acute stress disorder, and schizophrenia. The types of achievements including academic, occupational, and personal achievement are also summarized along with achievement motivation theories.
Solution for stigma in Jordan and New York City AhmedAlshwahin
Here are some ways social media can negatively impact mental health:
- Comparison: It's easy to compare your own life to the highlight reels people post online, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy. The curated lives people portray are often not an accurate reflection of reality.
- FOMO (fear of missing out): Constantly seeing updates about what friends are doing can trigger anxiety that you're not participating or being left out of experiences.
- Cyberbullying: Social media allows bullying to follow people everywhere via hurtful comments and messages. This can damage self-esteem.
- Less face time: Overuse of social media may replace real social interaction and connection, which is important for mental well
Depression in elderly people, also known as late-life depression, is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, and a range of emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms that significantly impact the individual's functioning and quality of life.
Understand Clients Mental Health Diagnosis & Appropriately Interact with themuyvillage
Definition of mental illness. The causes of mental illness. Tips on how to empower youth with mental health disorders. Ways to teach skills to youth who have the following diagnosis: Reactive Attachment, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, ADHD, Spectrum Disorders,
The document discusses influences on mental health and illness. It defines mental health as optimal functioning and mental illness as functional impairment. Cultural factors can impact how individuals view and experience mental illness. Prolonged stress can lead to physical and psychological responses like anxiety, defense mechanisms, and potentially psychosis. Diagnosis of mental illness involves using the DSM system across five axes. Treating mental illness faces challenges like stigma, access to care, and cost issues.
This document discusses psychological assessment of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. It notes that all patients should be assessed by a psychologist to evaluate their motives and determine if surgical goals are realistic. It also discusses body dysmorphic disorder, noting that some patients have a distorted body image and unrealistic expectations about how surgery can change their appearance. The document provides criteria for diagnosing body dysmorphic disorder and recommends that surgery only be considered if there is a physical defect and the patient receives psychological support. It offers guidance for surgeons on how to approach patients showing signs of body dysmorphic disorder.
This document discusses psychological assessment of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. It notes that all patients should be assessed by a psychologist to evaluate their motives and determine if surgical goals are realistic. It also discusses body dysmorphic disorder, noting that some patients have a distorted body image and unrealistic expectations about how surgery can change their appearance. The document provides criteria for diagnosing body dysmorphic disorder and recommends that surgery only be considered if there is a physical defect and the patient receives psychological support. It offers guidance for surgeons on how to approach patients showing signs of body dysmorphic disorder.
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
This document discusses mental health and illness. It defines mental health and lists some of its effects. Mental illness is caused by abnormal brain functioning and can cause thinking, emotional, and sleep problems. Common mental disorders mentioned include depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. The document also summarizes a study conducted on mental health status of university students in India which found high rates of mood changes, anger, and substance abuse among hostel residents. It concludes by emphasizing that those with mental illness should have their rights and contributions to society respected.
An overview of Cluster B Personality Disorder. This presentation discusses the criteria, causes, prevalence and interventions for each personality disorders.
Paranoid personality disorder is a chronic condition characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. It affects 1-4% of adults and can cause significant distress through disruptive patterns of thinking and relating. Symptoms include chronic suspicions of exploitation by others and feelings of being deceived. Both genetic and childhood trauma factors may contribute to its development, and it is typically treated with cognitive behavioral therapy to modify distorted thoughts and improve relationships and functioning.
The document discusses dissociative disorders as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). It describes the four main dissociative disorders: dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative identity disorder, and depersonalization disorder. Treatment typically involves psychotherapy approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. While medication cannot directly treat dissociative disorders, it may help manage related symptoms of anxiety or depression.
This document provides an introduction to abnormal psychology, psychological disorders, and depression. It begins with defining key terms like abnormal and disorder, and discusses why these definitions are important but also tricky. It then explores different ways of defining abnormal behavior, including deviations from social norms, mental health, and ability to function. The document also discusses what makes a behavior considered abnormal and provides examples of mental disorders. It covers how psychologists diagnose disorders using the DSM manual and different approaches to understanding medical disorders. Specific topics related to depression are then outlined, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis process, and treatment options.
Somatic symptom disorder is a mental illness that causes distressing physical symptoms without a clear medical cause. Treatment focuses on improving daily functioning rather than just symptoms, and may include therapy, stress reduction, and addressing any underlying mental health conditions. Hypochondriasis involves a persistent fear of having a serious illness despite reassurance. Illness anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about personal health without clear physical symptoms. These somatic symptom disorders can be chronic and difficult to treat, often requiring therapy and management of anxiety.
If you're looking for ASPD treatment, Pathways Real Life Recovery can help. We offer comprehensive care for those with antisocial personality disorder in Utah.
https://pathwaysreallife.com/antisocial-personality-disorder-aspd-treatment-in-utah/
Mental health includes a broad range of factors, from emotional and psychological well-being to the ability to handle stress and adapt to life's challenges. It's essential to acknowledge and address mental health concerns just as we would with physical health issues. Seeking help, support, and treatment when needed is crucial for individuals to lead happy and productive lives.
The stigma surrounding mental health issues is slowly decreasing, which is a positive step toward encouraging people to talk about their mental health and seek assistance without fear of judgment. Remember, taking care of your mental health is not a sign of weakness; it's a sign of strength and self-awareness. It's also essential to support others in their mental health journeys, as we all have a role to play in creating a more compassionate and understanding society.
Absolutely, mental health matters greatly. Mental health is a fundamental aspect of our overall well-being and quality of life. It affects how we think, feel, and act, and it plays a significant role in our ability to cope with stress, build and maintain healthy relationships, and make choices that lead to a fulfilling life.
Behavioral and psychological effects of Huntington’s diseaseUzair Siddiqui
Huntington's disease is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that causes uncontrolled movements, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It is caused by an expanded CAG repeat on chromosome 4, which results in the production of a mutant Huntingtin protein. Huntington's disease has autosomal dominant inheritance, so each child of an affected individual has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease. Symptoms include jerky movements, cognitive and psychiatric issues like depression, lack of insight, and aggression. Behavioral and psychological symptoms are a major challenge and include mood changes, psychosis, disinhibition, and irritability. Treatment focuses on managing behavioral symptoms with medication and caregiver support.
2. The defect is either imagined or if a physical anomaly is present individuals exhibit excessive concern Preoccupation must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning The preoccupation is not better accounted for by other mental D/O (e.g. body shape in Anorexia Nervosa WHAT IS BDD?
3. Thinning hair Acne Wrinkles Scars Vascular Markings Pale or Red complexion Swelling Facial disproportion Shape or size of: Nose Eyes Eyebrows Ears Mouth Lips Teeth Jaw Cheeks/Chin Size of muscles COMPLAINTS INVOLVE IMAGINED OR SLIGHT FLAWS OF THE FACE OR HEAD:
4. The genitals, buttocks, abdomen, arms, hands, feet, hips, shoulders, or overall body size and shape. Preoccupation may focus on several body parts. Individuals will avoid describing defects because of embarrassment. They will only refer to their general ugliness. OTHER BODY PARTS MAY END UP THE FOCUS OF CONCERN:
6. PREOCCUPATION, MAY BE NO EFFORT TO RESIST PREOCCUPATION, MAY BE AVOIDING SCHOOL, WORK, FAMILY, & ACTIVITIES
7. BDD IS OFTEN MISDIAGNOSED BECAUSE THE CLIENT MAY BE ASHAMED OF THEIR OBSESSIONS CO-MORBID WITH AXIS 1 DX OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE D/O, SOCIAL PHOBIA, ANOREXIA NERVOSA, & SUBSTANCE ABUSE
8. BDD SHARES A CO-MORBIDITY WITH AXIS II DX MOST BDD CLIENTS HAVE CLUSTER C PERSONALITY D/O: AVOIDANT, PARANOID, OR OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY.
9. BDD MAY BEGIN IN CHILDHOOD, BUT USUALLY OCCURS IN ADOLESCENCE AND YOUNG ADULTS. Average age of onset is 16 – 17 years although ir may be seen in older adults who are concerned with aging. Affects 1-2% of the population Affects men and women almost equally No association between BDD and race BDD is a chronic lifelong condition. ETIOLOGY
11. CULTURES WITH HIGH EMPHASIS ON BEAUTY AND APPEARANCE PEOPLE FROM A HIGHER SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OR HAVE STRICT CULTURAL STANDARDS MAY EXPERIENCE BDD MORE OFTEN THEY MAY HAVE EXPERIENCED A TRAUMATIC EVENT OR CONFLICT DURING CHILDHOOD. LOW SELF-ESTEEM HAVE PARENTS OR PEERS WHO ARE CRITICAL OF THEIR APPEARANCE. RISK FACTORS MAY INCLUDE:
12. AS WITH OTHER SOMATAFORM DISORDERS BDD MAY ALSO BE CAUSED BY THE NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE BRAIN. THERE MAY ALSO BE A GENETIC COMPONENT TO BDD. RISK FACTORS CONT:
13. Clients may come in for other problems i.e. relationship, anxiety, depression, or substance abuse. It is important to get a thorough history, especially medical because they change physicians often. Questions to ask: Do you avoid social settings because of body concerns? Do you feel you any problems in your physical appearance? Does this cause any distress at work or social situations? Does this prevent you from developing any sexual relationships? DIAGNOSING BDD
14. Body Dysmorphic Exam Self Report: This is a semi-structured interview designed to assess for obsessions, negative appearance concerns, self consciousness, embarrassment, camouflaging of body, or body adjusting. Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire: Assess satisfaction of appearance and preoccupation with perceived defects. ASSESSMENT TOOLS:
15. Combination Therapy for treating BDD which includes: Cognitive Therapy: This identifies negative beliefs, behavior, and thinking errors and replaces them with healthy coping strategies. These strategies include: challenging the clients negative cognitions, restructuring of learned behavior (skin picking or body checking), and challenging client to expose body part in a social setting. TREATMENT OF BDD
16. Medication to help with the obsessive thoughts, depression, and anxiety. It is important to help the client learn self care, follow the direction of their prescribed meds. Helping them break the cycle and learning to focus on something else other than the anxiety about the body part. Continue therapy, involve supportive family members, and continue to talk about it with someone. TREATMENT OF BDD CONT.
17. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) These Include: Luvox Zoloft Celexa Paxil As per the American Psychiatric Association, medication should be re-evaluated 3-4 times per year. MEDICATIONS
18. TREATMENT OF BDD APPROXIMATELY 53% OF THOSE WITH BDD EXPERIENCE A RELAPSE OF SYMPTOMS WHEN THEY DISCONTINUE MEDICATION. BDD IS A CHRONIC LIFETIME ILLNESS CONTINUING THEIR MEDICATION MANAGEMENT AND THERAPY IS IMPORTANT TO DECREASE THE LIKLIHOOD OF RELAPSE.
19. PEOPLE WITH BDD FIND IT DIFFICULT TO MEET NEW PEOPLE AND MAKE FRIENDS. UNTREATED BDD MAY LEAD TO DEPRESSION, SOCIAL ISOLATION, AND POSSIBLE SUICIDE. HAVING SURGICAL PROCEDURES MAY WORSEN A PERSON WITH BDD PERCEPTIONS OF THE PERCEIVED FLAW – CAUSING ANGER AND LITIGIOS ACTION. COMPLICATIONS OF BDD
20. PROGNOSIS IS GOOD FOR CLIENTS WHO ARE DIAGNOSED, TREATED AND WHO STAY ON THEIR MEDICATION. PROGNOSIS