Bochnia is a town of 30,000 inhabitants in southern Poland known for its salt mine, the oldest functioning in Europe dating back to 1248. The salt mine, now over 4.5 km long and 468 m deep, has been converted into a tourist attraction visited by 150,000 people annually. It offers tours, an underground ferry, train rides, and the world's longest mine slide. Bochnia's other attractions include the Museum of Stanisław Fischer located in a historic Dominican monastery, the Arthropoda Butterfly Museum with over 4,500 specimens, and St. Nicholas Church dating to the 15th century. The town also has an archaeological reconstruction of a 13th century village.
Kotor is situated on the southeastern part of Boka bay, on a foothill of the mountain Lovcen. The area of community of Kotor is 355 km2. Kotor is cultural, educational, economical and sport center of this area.
As the only fiord on the Mediterranean, Boka Kotorska was added to the list of twenty five the most beautiful bays in the world in July 2000, the others being mainly in Scandinavia. The history of Kotor can be traced to the most ancient times. In the surrounding caves there have been found various tools and ceramics witnessing humane existence from the Neolithic period, as well as drawings on the walls of the cave at Lipci near Risan.
In the antique period the Illyrian tribal state was the first organized humane community on these territories. Roman conquest began by the end of the third century BC and since the year 169 BC these territories had been under the rule of Rome, and then were taken over by the Byzantines. The first Slav tribes settled there in the 12th century. Its first state was Doclea, later called Zeta. Since the end of the 12th century Kotor was in power of the members of the Nemanjic Dynasty until 1420 when the Republic of Venice occupied it and stayed there until 1797, the time of the Napoleon wars in Europe. After the stormy period from 1797 to 1814 when this area was alternately under the Russians, French, Austrians and Montenegrins, at the Vienna Congress in 1814, Kotor became the constituent of the Austro-Hungary Monarchy and remained under the rule of Austro-Hungary until 1918 when this region became a part of Yugoslavia until its disintegration.
For its unique mixture of different cultures, Kotor entered the list of the world cultural heritage under the protection of the UNESCO. In the past, the most developed industry in this area was trade and maritime affairs. Seafarers used to bring different products from overseas which they would exchange for the goods they were in need of. In that way Kotor became one of the most important trading centers in this part of the Adriatic coast.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Bochnia - is a town of 30,000 inhabitants on the river Raba in southern Poland. The town lies approximately in
halfway [38 kilometres (24 miles)] between Tarnów (east) and the regional capital Kraków (west). Bochnia is
most noted for its salt mine, the oldest functioning in Europe, built circa 1248. Bochnia is one of the oldest
cities of Lesser Poland. The discovery of a major occurrence of rock salt at the site of the present mine in 1248
led to the granting of city privileges (Magdeburg rights) in 1253. DO YOU KNOW? Bochnia is older than
Kraków (became a town in 1253 year and Kraków not until 1257) The first parochial school was located on
Biała street (it is our school :D )
3.
4. The Bochnia Salt Mine (Polish: kopalnia soli w Bochni) is one of the oldest salt mines in the world and the
oldest one in Poland and Europe. The mine was established between the 12th and 13th centuries after salt was
discovered in Bochnia. The mines measure 4.5 kilometres (2.8 miles) in length and 468 metres (1,535 feet) in
depth at 16 different levels. The largest of the preserved chambers has been converted into a sanatorium. After 8
centuries of working it now has the character of an underground town which cannot fail to fascinate visitors
with its unique excavations, chapels carved from rock salt, sculptures and centuries-old mining equipment. The
mine can be explored on foot, by underground train or by boat. Deserted chambers, shafts and passages form a
so-called underground town, which is now open to sightseers (http://www.kopalniasoli.pl/en).
http://www.kopalnia-bochnia.pl/en/photo-galleries/
Here is the map of our underground town :D
http://www.kopalniasoli.pl/en/bochnia-salt-mine-health-resort/salt_mine_map.html
5. In 2000 Bochnia Salt Mine was declared a historic monument by the President of Poland.
In 2013 Bochnia Salt Mine was entered onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Presently, the mine has become a state-or-the-art facility combining tradition with modernity. Since the 1990s,
the mine has become a tourist destination. It is visited by almost 150,000 tourists annually and the number
continues to grow. The mine’s guests visit the tourist route and the historic route. The Bochnia mine offers an
underground ferry ride as the only mine in Poland. The wooden boats crossing the brine lake flooding the
chamber are listed in the Polish Register of Ships, just like the sea-sailing ships. One of the attractions is a ride
on an underground train and a slide down the world’s longest, 140-metre slide connecting 2 levels of the mine.
Another special attraction of the Bochnia mine is the Multimedia Exposition, thanks to which the tourists can
learn about the history of salt mining, the hardships of miners’ work as well as the history of Poland.
The Bochnia Salt Mine is an exceptional place which is appreciated by the organizers of numerous events. The
undergrounds of the Bochnia mine have become the venue for sports events such as a judo tournament, a relay
race, the Polish Shooting Competition, a jiu jitsu tournament, and the Polish Competition of Free Flight Model
Aircrafts.
6. The Museum of Stanisław Fischer in Bochnia - is located in the historic monastery of the Dominicans (the
oldest fragments date back to the 16th century)
ARTHROPODA Butterfly Museum is the largest permanent exhibition of butterflies of the world in Poland. It
includes more than four thousand five hundred specimens from all zoographic zones. The collection, which is
presented on two storeys, has been built over the last 32 years and is still updated.
St Nicholas' Church in Bochnia - a gothic temple dating back to the 15th century, with the equipment from the
17th-19th centuries and polychromes from the 16th-20th centuries (among others designed by J. Matejko) as
well as the painting of Blessed Virgin Mary, famous for its graces.
7. A particularly special attraction in Bochnia is located at Campi Street in the Archaeological Park – “The VI
Ploughmen Village”. This is a reconstruction of a mid-13th century Małopolska village settlement. Here you
will find reconstructions of ancient buildings and workshops, including a blacksmith's shop, a carpenter's
homestead and a weaver’s, potter’s and brewer's households.
The largest preserved Baroque fortified residence in Poland. The huge castle in Wiśnicz (5 km from Bochnia)
is visible from afar.
8. Our school
The Primary School No.1 is situated in the town centre. It is the oldest school in Bochnia. Its foundation,
development and subsequent activity is linked directly to the medieval parish education, since the current
school building stands on the land that was devoted to the parish school in the thirteenth century. Our school
was associated with the Jagiellonian University of Krakow (one of the oldest universities in the world) since
the sixteenth century, what indicates a high level of teaching. The school is successful in basketball and
swimming. Our girls’ basketball team for the second time in a row has become the champion in the
Malopolska district. Our students win gold medals on the national level each year. It is mainly achieved by the
fact that our students train swimming from a very young age. It is possible thanks to cooperation with our local
sports centre. The coaches from the above mentioned centre also train our basketball players.
sources: bochnia.eu, http://www.kopalnia-bochnia.pl/en, http://www.kopalniasoli.pl/en, wikipedia.org, zdjęcie
wykonane przez Pawła Klasę.
![Bochnia - is a town of 30,000 inhabitants on the river Raba in southern Poland. The town lies approximately in
halfway [38 kilometres (24 miles)] between Tarnów (east) and the regional capital Kraków (west). Bochnia is
most noted for its salt mine, the oldest functioning in Europe, built circa 1248. Bochnia is one of the oldest
cities of Lesser Poland. The discovery of a major occurrence of rock salt at the site of the present mine in 1248
led to the granting of city privileges (Magdeburg rights) in 1253. DO YOU KNOW? Bochnia is older than
Kraków (became a town in 1253 year and Kraków not until 1257) The first parochial school was located on
Biała street (it is our school :D )](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)