This document provides an introduction to building management systems (BMS). It defines a BMS as a computer-based system that controls and monitors a building's mechanical and electrical equipment. The document outlines the key components of a BMS, including central workstations, field devices, distributed control systems, and various hardware and software. It also discusses the functions of a BMS in controlling building operations, monitoring performance, and interacting with other systems.

1. ECVET Training for Operatorsof IoT-enabledSmart Buildings (VET4SBO)
2018-1-RS01-KA202-000411
Level 1
Module 2: Fundamentals of Building Management
Systems for effective operation, occupants’ comfort,
energy efficiency (HVAC, lighting, security, indoor air
quality, water distribution/monitoring)
Unit 2.1: Introduction to BMS

2. Outline
1. Concept and fundaments of Building Management Systems
(BMS)
– Industry jargon, terminology and acronyms
2. Components and features of a BMS (hardware, software,
communicationand interface protocols)

3. Outline
1. Concept and fundaments of Building Management Systems
(BMS)
– Industry jargon, terminology and acronyms
2. Components and features of a BMS (hardware, software,
communicationand interface protocols)

4. Definition of Intelligent Building Technologies
“ The use of integrated technological building systems, communications
and controls to create a building and its infrastructure which provides the
owner, operator and occupant with an environment which is flexible,
effective, comfortable and secure.”

5. Definition
• A building management system (BMS), otherwise known as a building automation system
(BAS), is a computer-based control system installed in buildings that controls and monitors
the building's mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power
systems, fire systems, and security systems.
• A BMS consists of software and hardware; the software program, usually configured in a
hierarchical manner, can be proprietary, using such protocols as C-Bus,
• “A BMS is a complex, multi-level, multi-objective, integrated, interrelatedand complete
intelligentdesign management information system” , which combines software and
hardware for managing the behaviour of the facilities of any building . Hardware system is
set up by the sensor network , meanwhile software integrates the communication driver and
business logic (control algorithms, database connection) establishing an "all in one solution".

6. Industry Jargon, Terminology and Acronyms
• Building Management Systems (BMS) also known as Building Automation Systems (BAS), Building
Managementand Control System (BMCS), Direct Digital Controls (DDC) and Building Controls
• Other terms associated with Control Systems include:
– Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
– Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
– Energy Management System (EMS)
– Data gathering panels (DGP)
– Modbus, Lonworks, and Bacnet – All refer to communicationsprotocols
– ‘Front End’ – legacy term used to refer to the BMS Operator Workstation
• Most Common Current industry term –
– Building Management System (BMS) or
– Building Management and Control Systems (BMCS)

7. What is a Building Management System?
• BMS systems are “Intelligent”microprocessor based controller networks
installed to monitor and control a buildings technical systems and services
such as air conditioning, ventilation, lighting and hydraulics.
• More specifically they link the functionality of individual pieces of building
equipment so that they operate as one complete integrated system.
• Now installed in every major building or facility with the availability of
direct integration into all other building services such as security, access
control, CCTV, fire, Lifts and other life and safety systems.
• Currentgeneration BMS systems are now based on open communications
protocols and are WEB enabled allowing integration of systems from
multiple system vendors and access from anywhere in the world.

8. What is BMS?
A micro-processor based system which centralizes and simplifies…
• controlling
• monitoring
• operationand…
• management
…of heating, air-conditioning, ventilation & other building services to achieve…
» safe and comfortable working environment
» energy saving & efficient operation
» at reduced time & cost

9. BMS provides…
Comfortable & safe
environment
by controlling…..
• Air Handling Units
• Fan Coil Units
• Chillers
• Pumps
• Boilers
• VFD’s
and many more…..

10. Outline
1. Concept and fundaments of Building Management Systems
(BMS)
– Industry jargon, terminology and acronyms
2. Components and features of a BMS (hardware, software,
communicationand interface protocols)

11. Components of BMS
Centralized WorkStation
Computer
• With powerful user-friendlysoftware.
• Used for everyday building operation.
Field devices
• Temperature, Humidity, Pressure
sensors
• Valves, Actuators
DDC Controllers
• Micro-processor based
• Pre-configured / Freely programmable
• Controls the HVAC equipmentof the
building

12. What Does Intelligent Microprocessor Control
Mean?
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
NETWORK

13. NETWORK
OUTPUTS
INPUTS
What Does Intelligent Microprocessor Control
Mean?

14. BMS Suppliers and Integrators
• Procured as a complete system that includes, engineering, supply, installation,
programming and commissioning.
• Specialist Integrators that are either directly associated with the manufacturer or
are approved re-sellers.
• All Integrators should have full factory technical support
• Need to work closely with Mechanical Services, Mechanical Electrical and other contractors.
• For new construction BMS is usually included within the mechanical services package.
• ‘Tier 1 Company’ only refers to a direct factory association and not to the quality of
products or services…

15. OperatorWorkstations
Built In Displays
Range to Suit Applications
High Point Counts
Limited Features
Small Point Counts
ApplicationSpecific
Typical System Components – BMS Hardware

16. Temperature
Relative Humidity
CO2
Low Level and
High Level (HLI)
Connections
Voltages
Currents
Water Flows
Pressures
Air Flows
Pressures
Variable Speed
Drives (VSD)
Pumps
Fans
Motors
Damper
Actuators
Valve
Actuators
Chillers / Boilers
Cooling Towers
Typical System Components – Field Devices

17. Typical System Components - Networks

18. Typical User Interface Options
 Can be a basic LCD display through to full
Graphic Operator Workstations.
 The Graphic Interface mustbe intuitive to
use and not require an Engineering
degree to interpret
 They mustprovide sufficient level of detail
to enable the operator to determine what is
happening and what is going to happen next
 Graphics need to provide access to
parameters for tuning and seasonal
information needs to be built into the system

19.  User defined menus.
 Built into the BMS controller or a
remote device
 Passwordprotected
 Monitor and control field points,
operating setpoints, time schedules,
alarm management, even trend data
BMS Simple User Interfaces – Built in Display

20.  WEB Server built intoa BMS network
controller
 User defined menus and graphic
pages
 Passwordprotected, multiple access
levels
 Monitor and control field points,
operating setpoints, time schedules,
alarm management, even trend data
BMS Simple User Interfaces – WEB Server

21. BMS Workstation - AHU Graphic Display Sample

22. BMS Workstation - Chiller Graphic Display Sample

23. What Does a BMS Do?
• The role of the BMS in day to day building operation
• Building Control Applications
• Measuring and Monitoring building performance
• Interactionwith other building systems

24. • The mostcommonprimary function of the BMS is
the control of a buildings Heating, Ventilation and
Air Conditioning Systems(HVAC)including;
– Air Handling Units
– Chilled Water Plant
– Cooling Towers
– Tenant Condenser Water
– Heating Water Plant
– ExhaustSystems
– Zone Controls
– Computer Room AC
The Day to Day Role of the BMS…

25. • Control of Building Systemsand Services
• Graphic User Interface (GUI)
• Real Time Monitoring of Building Operation and Performance
• Trending and Logging of Building Operation and Performance
• Time Scheduling of Building Systems
• Fault Management and Alarming
• Control Application Programming
• User Event Management
• Energy Management and Reporting (NABERS)
The Day to Day Role of the BMS…

26. • Building control applications include for following:
– Zone temperaturemonitoring and control
– Zone Variable Air Volume (VAV) control to zones
– Zone CO2 monitoring and control(Air Quality)
– Air handling unit supply air temperaturecontrol
– Air handling unit supply air flow / pressurecontrol
– Main Plant Chiller and Boiler sequencing
– Toilet, car park, kitchenand general exhaust fan control
– After Hours Building Control
Building Control Applications

27. • Operator Interfaces including Graphical User
Interface (GUI) for monitoring and
adjustments
• Trend data is importantwhen
determining the stabilityof control
algorithms and when tuning the system.
• Reports are pivotalwhen demonstrating
building performance against
sustainabilitytargets suchas NABERS.
• Equipmentalarm and fault notification,
reduces down time and consequential
impact
Measuring and Monitoring Building Performance

28. Interaction With Other Building Systems

29. Man / Machine Interface
• interact with the connected technical
building equipment.
• user friendly
• for operators…
• engineers….
• and building managers
• System Security
- To prevent unauthorized use
- Password protection
- Operator specificaccess
BMS Features….

30. User-friendly data presentation
- co-ordination of the flow of information through the system
by implementing customized graphics.
- floor plans of the building
- graphical representation of the equipment.
• Alarm Management
- the presentation in the sequence of importance and time
of..
• potentially dangerous situations
• process value deviations
- guiding the operator to take appropriate action through..
• audible and visual indications
• Email, SMS
- alarm summary
• Time, date, priority and description
BMS Features….

31. • Reporting
• present customized subsets of data
• actual or historical state
• export as a word or excel documentor..
- to a printer.
• Data Logging
• The automatic gathering and storage of
data from the field equipment for later
analysis and reporting
• Dynamicallyor historical
• Customized charts and graphs
• Tabular reports
BMS Features….

32. BMS Features….
Time Scheduling
• time-based start/stop of the equipment
• saves energy cost and efficient operation
• effective for lighting, occupancycontrol
• can be as daily, weekly, for holidays or events
Event recording
• automatic logging of…
• operator activities and commands
• processes related to connected devices
• workstations and printers.

33. BMS Features….
Remote connectivity
• provide remote access to the
system with full functionality
through..
• local area network
• dial-up
• internet via web browser

34. The BMS is centred in five basic functions
• Management: Management of an organisation’s building services
from one central location through a user-friendly interface.
• Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of the sensors’ measurements.
• Controlling: Control algorithms for the facilities behaviour in the
building.
• Optimizing: Working out the best performance of the system.
• Reporting: Documentation of the intermediate and final results.

35. 1900 - 1930s EnergyGenerated on Site Steam - Electric - Mechanical.
1940 - 1970
Large Centralizedproduction,transportation and distribution
of power by government regulatedmonopolies.
1980 Deregulationof natural gas market; Incentives for efficient
on-site generationof electric power.
1990 Deregulationof electric power (almost)!
2000 & Beyond
Market-drivensystem, promotingefficient generation, supply,
production,distribution and utilization of all power commodities.
Energy Through the Century and Beyond

36. Resources

37. Disclaimer
For further information, relatedto the VET4SBO project, please visit the project’swebsite at https://smart-building-
operator.euor visit us at https://www.facebook.com/Vet4sbo.
Downloadour mobile app at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vet4sbo.mobile.
This project (2018-1-RS01-KA202-000411) has been funded with support from the European Commission (Erasmus+
Programme). Thispublicationreflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible
for any use which may be made of the informationcontainedtherein.