Bluetooth is a low-power wireless technology developed in 1994, enabling devices to connect over short distances while facilitating communication for voice and data. The technology has evolved through various versions, each improving functionality, data transfer rates, and security features. Despite its advancements, challenges such as device pairing issues and battery consumption persist.

3. INTRODUCTION
Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power
microwave wireless link
technology, designed to connect
phones, laptops, and other portable
equipment together with little or no
work by the user.

4. Guest Author - Cathy Spearmon
Since the development of Bluetooth in 1994
by Swedish telecommunications firm Ericsson
There have been more than 1800 companies
worldwide who have signed as members of the
Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in order
to build products to the wireless specification.

5. Bluetooth is the name for a short-range radio
frequency (RF) technology that operates at 2.4
GHz and is capable of transmitting voice and
data.
 Bluetooth is a wireless communication
technology that allows devices, within a 10
meter proximity, to communicate with each
other.

6. EXAMPLES OF BLUETOOTH

7. BLUETOOTH COMPONENTS
Any Bluetooth solution consists of four
major components are:
 antenna/RF
 Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack
 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband
 Bluetooth application

8. Antenna/RF
 The antenna and RF design portion is interesting
in that it requires a unique solution for each
device.
 Even single chip solutions require specialized
antenna design, depending on the device.
Antenna design requires specialized skills to
ensure that the Bluetooth radio will operate within
its specification.

9. BLUETOOTH APPLICATIONS
 The Bluetooth radio is the hardware transceiver unit .
The purpose of the specification is to provide
compatibility between Bluetooth devices that operate
in the 2.4GHz ISM band.
 Data synchronisation need never again be a problem
as your Bluetooth enabled PDA, PC or laptop all talk
to each other and update their respective files to the
most recent ones.

10. Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack
 The Bluetooth software protocol stack can be
thought of as driver code GNU license code .
This code allows the application software to
send and receive information from the
Bluetooth module.
 Major components of the protocol stack are the
Link Manager (LM), Logical Link
Control, Human Interface Device (HID) and
other high level protocols.

11. Bluetooth Radio and Baseband
 TheBluetooth radio is the hardware
transceiver unit that implements the Bluetooth
radio specification. The purpose of the
specification is to provide compatibility
between Bluetooth devices that operate in the
2.4 GHz ISM band, and to define the quality of
the system.

12. SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES
The Bluetooth specification was developed in
1994 by Jalap Hearten and Sven Mattisson, who
were working for Ericsson .
The specifications were formalized by
the bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG). The
SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998.

13. BLUETOOTH V1.0 & V1.0B
Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many
problems, and manufacturers had difficulty
making their products interoperable.
Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also included
mandatory Bluetooth hardware device
address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the
Connecting process.

14. BLUETOOTH V1.1
 Many errors found in the 1.0B
specifications were fixed.
 Addedsupport for non-encrypted
channels.
 (RSSI)Received Signal Strength
Indicator.

15. BLUETOOTH V1.2
 Faster connection and discovery
 AdaptiveFrequency Hopping (AFH)
spread spectrum which improves
resistance to radio frequency interface.
 (HCI)Host Controller Interface support
for three-wire (uart).

16. BLUETOOTH V2.0 + EDR
 The main difference is the introduction of an
Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data
transfer. The nominal rate of EDR is about 3
megabits per second.
 The specification is published as "bluetooth v2.0
+ EDR" which implies that EDR is an optional
feature.

17. BLUETOOTH V2.1 + EDR
 This improves the pairing experience for
bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and
strength of security. See the section on
pairing below for more details.
 2.1 allows various other
improvements, including "extended inquiry
response" (EIR), which provides more
information during the inquiry procedure to
allow better filtering of devices before
connection.

18. BLUETOOTH V4.0
 On June 12, 2007, nokia and bluetooth SIG had
announced that WIBREE will be a part of the
bluetooth specification, as an ultra-low power
bluetooth technology.
 On December 17, 2009, the bluetooth SIG
adopted bluetooth low energy technology as the
hallmark feature of the version 4.0 the provisional
names wibree and bluetooth ULP (ultra low
power) are abandoned.

19. BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
In bluetooth v4.0. It allows two types of
implementation.
dual-mode and single-mode.
 In a dual-mode implementation, bluetooth low
energy functionality is integrated into an existing
classic bluetooth controller.
 Single-mode chips, which will enable highly
integrated and compact devices and secure encrypted
connections at the lowest possible cost.

20. Bluetooth Technology & Its
Challenges
 Technology
Bluetooth has evolved over time. As user needs
increased, the Bluetooth standards expanded to
accommodate user needs.
Standards improved frequency-hopping technology
to help with audio quality.
Bluetooth has continued to improve audio
quality, data reliability and security through
improvements to encryption system and frequency
hopping technology.

21. Bluetooth Technology & Its
Challenges
Usually Single Device
Although some Bluetooth devices support connecting
more than one device, most will only pair to a single
device. In some cases, this is a security consideration.
 Range
Many current models and older devices are limited
to a 30-foot radius. This limits Bluetooth usability
for close, room-based networking.

22. Bluetooth Technology & Its
Challenges
 Pairing Issues
Sometimes a device will not recognize another
device. In rare cases, two devices that are paired
will not communicate properly. These issues are
rare and usually be solved by consulting
technical support.
 Battery Consumption
Bluetooth devices use very low power.
However, battery consumption can still be a
problem. Rechargeable devices with built-in
batteries often run out of power and require
specialized charging systems.

23. Bluetooth is one among many proximity technologies, like
Infrared, RFID, and contact less Smart cards. They are
concerned about
usefulness, acceptance, applications, security, usability, an
d reliability of technology. In order to overcome these
risks, Bluetooth Special Interest Group is continuously
working to add or improve profiles into this. Bluetooth
version 2 can handle many of the above issues. Bluetooth
can provide auto connections between devices, with
compromise to security. Though independently Bluetooth
most advanced and useful technologies.

24. REFERENCES
 We want to thank all those resources which help
us in completing our project.
Following websites help us:-
1) www.google.com
2) www.ieee.com
3) www.bluetoothwikipedia.com
Other resources like Newspaper, Magazines
text books like Information technology and our
textbook (foundation semester) .