Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was initially developed in 1994 by Ericsson with the goal of wireless connectivity between devices. Major versions of Bluetooth technology have provided improvements in areas such as data transfer rates, power reduction, and operating range. Potential future applications of Bluetooth include improved audio streaming, device tethering, and use in military communications and tracking systems. Ultra-wideband is being explored as a possible next generation wireless technology standard.

1. BLUETOOTHBLUETOOTH
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY :-
KAUSHAL PANT{BSc (JNU),BA(PUB ADM)
(IGNOU)}

2. AIM
TO ACQUAINT ABOUT
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY.

3. PREVIEW
• PHASE –I INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
• PHASE- II WORKING OF BLUETOOTH NETWORK
BWT TOPOLOGIES & CLASSES
BWT PROTOCOLS
• PHASE- III BWT SECURITY AND MITIGATIONS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
HEALTH CONCERNS
FUTURE TRENDS AND MIL APPLICATIONS

4. PHASE –I

5. INTRODUCTION

6. INTRODUCTION
• SHORT RANGE LOW POWER WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
• INTER CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER PERIPHERALS.
• EXCHANGE DATA OVER SHORT DISTANCES.
• EASY CONNECTION BETWEEN DEVICES
• WIRELESS ALTERNATIVE TO RS-232 DATA CABLES.
• MECHANISM TO FORM SHORT AD-HOC NETWORK.

7. HISTORY
• 1994: ERICSSON CAME UP WITH A CONCEPT OF
“MULTI –COMMUNICATOR LINK”.
• RENAMING TO BLUETOOTH IN NAME OF HARALD
“BLÅTAND” GORMSEN OR HARALD BLUETOOTH,
• 1998 : FOUNDATION OF BLUETOOTH SIG.
• 2001 : FIRST CONSUMER PRODUCTS VERSION
1.1 RELEASED.
• 2003 - SIG ANNOUNCED VERSION 2.1.
• 2004 - BLUETOOTH VERSION 2.0 + EDR
(ENHANCED DATA RATE) INTRODUCED.

8. HISTORY
• 2007 - BLUETOOTH VERSION 2.1 + EDR ADOPTED
BY BLUETOOTH SIG.
• 2009 - BLUETOOTH VERSION 3.0 + HS (HIGH
SPEED) ADOPTED BY BLUETOOTH SIG.
• 2010 - BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION
VERSION 4.0 (CALLED BLUETOOTH SMART)
•2013 - BLUETOOTH V4.1
•DECEMBER 2, 2014 - BLUETOOTH V4.2

9. PHASE –II

10. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

11. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
• A BLUETOOTH CHIP COMBINES A TRANSMITTER
AND RECEIVER, AS SMALLER AS 9 MM X 9 MM AND
AN ANTENNA.
• UNLICENSED INDUSTRIAL, SCIENTIFIC AND
MEDICAL (ISM).
• FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 2400 AND 2483.5 MHZ
(INCLUDING GUARD BANDS 2 MHZ (BOTTOM) AND
3.5 MHZ (TOP).79 CHANNELS BANDWIDTH OF 1 MHZ.
• BLUETOOTH USES FREQUENCY-HOPPING
SPREAD SPECTRUM (FHSS).
• 1600 HOPS /SEC, WITH ADAPTIVE FREQUENCY-
HOPPING (AFH).

12. DEVICE
CHIP(1998) CHIP(PRESENT)

13. BLUETOOTH TOPOLOGIES
• PICONETS AND SCATTERNET FORMATION.
• A MASTER BLUETOOTH DEVICE CAN
COMMUNICATE WITH A MAXIMUM OF SEVEN DEVICES
IN A PICONET .
• MASTER-UNIT ESTABLISHES A FREQUENCY-
HOPPING SCHEME.
• ROLE SWITCHING, BY AGREEMENT.
• ROUND-ROBIN FASHION FOR DATA TRANSFER
IN PACKETS.

14. BLUETOOTH CONNECTIONS
TWO TYPES OF DATA EXCHANGE “MODE” :-
• ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-ORIENTED
LOGICAL TRANSPORT (ACL)
- USED FOR DATA CONNECTIONS
• SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-ORIENTED LINK
(SCO), ENHANCED SCO (ESCO)
– USED FOR VOICE DATA

15. CLASSES OF BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH DEVICES ARE CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO THREE DIFFERENT POWER CLASSES,
AS SHOWN IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE.
CLASS
MAX
PERMITTED
POWER(MW)
RANGE(APPROX)
IN MTRS
Class 1 100 100
Class 2 2.5 50
Class 3 1 10

16. BLUETOOTH PROTOCOLS

17. PROTOCOL STACK
LLC
LINK MANAGER

18. Application Framework
and Support
Link Manager and L2CAP
Radio & BasebandRF
Baseband
Audio
Link Manager
L2CAP
TCP/IP
DATA
CONTROL
BLUETOOTH PROTOCOLS
HID RFCOMM
Applications
Host Controller
Interface

19. PHASE –III

20. BLUETOOTH SECURITY

21. BLUETOOTH SECURITY
• SUSCEPTIBLE TO SPYING AND REMOTE ACCESS.
• INTERFERENCE AND EAVESDROPPING
• SAFER TRANSMISSION OF DATA.
• INFORMATION INTEGRITY.
• DENIAL OF SERVICE, UNINTENDED CONTROL AND
ACCESS OF DATA AND VOICE CHANNELS.
• UNAUTHORIZED DEVICE CONTROL AND DATA
ACCESS.

22. 1. SAFER TRANSMISSION OF DATA
a) AUTHENTICATION
b) AUTHORIZATION
c) ENCRYPTION
THREE MODES :-
a) MODE 1 - NO SECURITY
b) MODE 2 - SERVICE LEVEL SECURITY
c) MODE 3 – LINK LEVEL SECURITY(PAIRING
BLUETOOTH SECURITY

23. • DEVICES ARE MANUFACTURED WITH A UNIQUE
48-BIT IDENTIFIER KNOWN AS THE BLUETOOTH DEVICE
ADDRESS (BD_ADDR).
• PUBLICALLY KNOWN AND CAN BE OBTAINED VIA
AN INQUIRY ROUTINE PERFORMED BY ANY BLUETOOTH
DEVICE.
• THE BD_ADDR OF THE MASTER DEVICE IS USED
TO DERIVE THE DEVICE ACCESS CODE (DAC) AND THE
CHANNEL ACCESS CODE (CAC), WHICH ARE
TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR-TEXT.
BLUETOOTH SECURITY

24. ERROR CORRECTION
2. ERROR CORRECTION TYPES:-
a) FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION (FEC)
- REDUCES NO OF RE-TRANSMISSIONS.
b) AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST (ARQ)
- CORRECTS THE CORRUPTED
TRANSMITTED DATA BLOCK.
3. FREQUENCY HOPPING TO AVOID INTERFERENCE

25. ERROR CORRECTION

26. MITIGATIONS
•ENABLE BLUETOOTH ONLY WHEN REQUIRED.
•ENABLE BLUETOOTH DISCOVERY ONLY WHEN
NECESSARY, AND DISABLE DISCOVERY WHEN
FINISHED.
•DO NOT ENTER LINK KEYS OR PINS WHEN
UNEXPECTEDLY PROMPTED TO DO SO.
•REMOVE PAIRED DEVICES WHEN NOT IN USE.
•REGULARLY UPDATE FIRMWARE ON BLUETOOTH-
ENABLED DEVICES.

27. BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
Advantages and Disadvantages

28. ADVANTAGES
• ELIMINATES WIRES
• FACILITATES DATA AND VOICE COMMUNICATION
• OFFERS FORMATION OF AD HOC NETWORKS
• STANDARDIZED PROTOCOL
• FREE OF CHARGE
• EASY TO USE
• LOW POWER CONSUMES BATTERY LESS
• STATIONARY AND MOBILE ENVIRONMENTS

29. DISADVANTAGES
• RELATIVELY SHORT RANGE.
• LESS SECURE.
• INTERFERENCE WITH OTHER DEVICES.
• MEDIOCRE DATA RATES.
• BLUETOOTH INTERNET CONNECTION GETS
SLOW SOMETIMES.

30. HEALTH CONCERNS

31. HEALTH CONCERNS
• BLUETOOTH USES 2.4 GHZ TO 2.480 GHZ.
• SAME FREQUENCY RANGE AS MICROWAVE
OVENS.
• EMITTED RF ENERGY IS ABSORBED BY THE BODY.
• PENETRATION DEPTH IS ABOUT 1.5 CM AT 2450
MHZ.
• ABSORPTION IS VERY SUPERFICIAL.

32. FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH

33. FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH
GENERIC NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS)
• CREATE A WIRELESS SERIAL LINK SO A DEVICE
CAN SHARE ITS GPS POSITION DATA USING.
AUDIO STREAMING
• ADVANCED AUDIO DISTRIBUTION
• AUDIO VIDEO REMOTE CONTROL
• BROWSE YOUR MP3 PLAYER’S MUSIC AND
PLAYLISTS DIRECTLY FROM YOUR CAR USER
INTERFACE.

34. RECENT TRADITION
TELEPHONY
• HANDS FREE PROFILE
GENERIC OBJECT EXCHANGE
• BETTER QUALITY OF SERVICE.
• SERVICE MULTIPLEXING IS NOW ENTIRELY
DONE BY L2CAP.
• BETTER THROUGHPUT.

35. FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth has a good future ahead
because it meets a basic need of connectivity.
Currently a protocol is being researched
that would support large adhoc networks.
Latest version of Bluetooth are improving
both its security and capabilities.
Ultra wide band has been chosen by the
Bluetooth Special Interest Group as the future of
Bluetooth Technology.
New versions of Bluetooth technology will
meet the high-speed and large range.
Many companies are designing impressive
Bluetooth applications in demand.

36. MILITARY APPLICATIONS
IN MILITARY BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
CAN BE USED IN VARIOUS FIELDS AS:-
A) COMMUNICATION
B) SECURITY
C) IDENTIFICATION
D) TRAINING
E) TARGET EVALUATION
F) GPS

37. GENERIC NAVIGATION SATELLITE
SYSTEM (GNSS)

38. PHASE –IV

39. CONCLUSION
• A NEW GLOBAL STANDARD FOR DATA AND VOICE
-ENABLED DEVICES WHICH OPERATE IN THE
UNRESTRICTED 2.4-GHZ ISM BAND.
• ELIMINATING CABLES.
• LOW POWER, COST NETWORK DEVICES.
• BLUETOOTH HAS A BRIGHT FUTURE FOR WIDE
USE.
• FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS ARE PLANNED TO BE
MADE IN
– DATA RATES
– POWER REDUCTION
– RANGE

41. ULTRA WIDE BAND
• UWB OR AS DIGITAL PULSE WIRELESS IS A
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
• TRANSMITS LARGE AMOUNTS OF DIGITAL
DATA OVER A WIDE SPECTRUM OF FREQUENCY
BANDS WITH VERY LOW POWER FOR A SHORT
DISTANCE.
• CAN CARRY A HUGE AMOUNT OF DATA OVER A
DISTANCE UP TO 230 FEET AT VERY LOW POWER
(LESS THAN 0.5 MILL WATTS).
• ABILITY TO CARRY SIGNALS THROUGH DOORS
AND OTHER OBSTACLES