Blow molding is a manufacturing process that uses air pressure to form hollow plastic parts. A heated plastic tube called a parison is placed in a mold and air is blown into the parison, causing it to expand and take the shape of the mold cavity. There are two main types of blow molding: extrusion blow molding, where the parison is continuously extruded, and injection blow molding. Rotary wheel and shuttle machinery are common methods for extrusion blow molding that differ in how the molds are arranged.
Injection moulding has evolved significantly since its origins in the late 19th century. Key developments include the single-action hydraulic injection machine designed in 1870, advances in heating-cylinder designs in the 1930s, and major improvements to injection moulding machinery design in the 1950s in Germany. There are three main types of injection moulding machines: hand injection, plunger type, and reciprocating screw type. The injection moulding process involves plasticizing and injecting molten thermoplastic into a closed mould, then cooling and ejecting the moulded product. Injection moulding enables high-volume, low-cost production of a wide variety of plastic products.
Here are some key industries and products that rely on blow molding for packaging:
- Beverage industry: Water bottles, soda bottles, juice bottles
- Food industry: Milk jugs, yogurt and butter tubs, condiment bottles
- Personal care industry: Shampoo, lotion and cosmetic bottles
- Household products industry: Cleaning product bottles, trash bins
- Automotive industry: Automotive fluid containers like oil and antifreeze bottles
- Medical industry: Saline solution bags, IV bags and tubing, medicine bottles
Rotational molding is a process used to create large, hollow plastic parts with uniform wall thickness. It is the only hollow parts process that can produce extremely large parts. The material is heated and rotated inside a mold to distribute it evenly. This allows for flexible designs by combining parts into one. Advantages include low-cost tooling, stress-free parts, and uniform thickness. However, cycles times are very long, ranging from 8-40 minutes. Also, only certain materials can be used and warping may occur without precise cooling. Competing processes like blow molding and injection molding have shorter cycles but cannot produce parts as large. Future developments include new materials, automation, and adding internal cooling.
Blow Molding Process on Manufacturing Technology .
Tackles about the definition of Blow molding process, its various types , advantages and disadvantages and the application of it on a manufacturing set-up.
China plastic injection molding can make your dreams come true at low cost for different injection plastic molds like auto parts mould,car parts mold,car door mould,car bumper mould,automotive parts mold,etc.
---------------------------------------------
Vicky
Respon Plastic Industrial Co.,Ltd.
Add: NO 509 Wulv Road, Tong’an Industrial Zone, Tong’an, Xiamen, China
Zip Code:361100
Cell: 008615985829163
Email: sales01@rpimoulding.com
Website: www.rpimoulding.com
Skype: rpimoulding
Injection molding is a manufacturing process used to produce plastic parts. It involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mold cavity, allowing it to cool and solidify into the shape of the cavity. There are three main functional units in injection molding: injection, mold, and clamping. Common materials used are thermoplastics like polystyrene, ABS, nylon and polypropylene. Injection molding can produce parts at high volumes for applications like consumer goods, automotive and industrial parts. The document provides details on the injection molding process, types of machines, materials used and applications.
Injection moulding has evolved significantly since its origins in the late 19th century. Key developments include the single-action hydraulic injection machine designed in 1870, advances in heating-cylinder designs in the 1930s, and major improvements to injection moulding machinery design in the 1950s in Germany. There are three main types of injection moulding machines: hand injection, plunger type, and reciprocating screw type. The injection moulding process involves plasticizing and injecting molten thermoplastic into a closed mould, then cooling and ejecting the moulded product. Injection moulding enables high-volume, low-cost production of a wide variety of plastic products.
Here are some key industries and products that rely on blow molding for packaging:
- Beverage industry: Water bottles, soda bottles, juice bottles
- Food industry: Milk jugs, yogurt and butter tubs, condiment bottles
- Personal care industry: Shampoo, lotion and cosmetic bottles
- Household products industry: Cleaning product bottles, trash bins
- Automotive industry: Automotive fluid containers like oil and antifreeze bottles
- Medical industry: Saline solution bags, IV bags and tubing, medicine bottles
Rotational molding is a process used to create large, hollow plastic parts with uniform wall thickness. It is the only hollow parts process that can produce extremely large parts. The material is heated and rotated inside a mold to distribute it evenly. This allows for flexible designs by combining parts into one. Advantages include low-cost tooling, stress-free parts, and uniform thickness. However, cycles times are very long, ranging from 8-40 minutes. Also, only certain materials can be used and warping may occur without precise cooling. Competing processes like blow molding and injection molding have shorter cycles but cannot produce parts as large. Future developments include new materials, automation, and adding internal cooling.
Blow Molding Process on Manufacturing Technology .
Tackles about the definition of Blow molding process, its various types , advantages and disadvantages and the application of it on a manufacturing set-up.
China plastic injection molding can make your dreams come true at low cost for different injection plastic molds like auto parts mould,car parts mold,car door mould,car bumper mould,automotive parts mold,etc.
---------------------------------------------
Vicky
Respon Plastic Industrial Co.,Ltd.
Add: NO 509 Wulv Road, Tong’an Industrial Zone, Tong’an, Xiamen, China
Zip Code:361100
Cell: 008615985829163
Email: sales01@rpimoulding.com
Website: www.rpimoulding.com
Skype: rpimoulding
Injection molding is a manufacturing process used to produce plastic parts. It involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mold cavity, allowing it to cool and solidify into the shape of the cavity. There are three main functional units in injection molding: injection, mold, and clamping. Common materials used are thermoplastics like polystyrene, ABS, nylon and polypropylene. Injection molding can produce parts at high volumes for applications like consumer goods, automotive and industrial parts. The document provides details on the injection molding process, types of machines, materials used and applications.
Extrusion molding is a process that uses heat and pressure to form plastic into continuous lengths with uniform cross-sections like pipes, rods, or sheets. The plastic is fed into an extruder which heats and melts it before forcing it through a die. The shape of the die determines the shape of the extruded plastic. Common products made through extrusion molding include pipes, hoses, siding, fencing, deck railings, and plastic bags.
Compression and transfer molding are processes used primarily for thermosetting plastics. In compression molding, the plastic charge is placed directly into a heated mold cavity and formed under pressure. Transfer molding injects melted plastic into molds through narrow channels. Both processes form parts like dishware, pot handles, ski components, and rubber shoe soles under heat and pressure in heated molds.
The document discusses blow molding, which is a widely used process for producing hollow plastic objects like bottles. It involves extruding a plastic tube called a parison and then inflating it inside a mold cavity to take the shape of the mold. There are different types of blow molding machines and methods depending on how the parison is formed, such as extrusion blow molding which uses an extruded tube and injection blow molding which uses an injection molded preform. Key parts of the blow molding process include the extruder, die assembly, mold, and mechanisms for closing the mold and injecting air to inflate the parison. A variety of plastic materials can be blow molded such as PE, PP, PET
The document discusses the blow moulding process. Blow moulding is used to produce hollow plastic objects like bottles in a low-cost and simple way. It involves melting plastic material, extruding it into a tube (parison), placing the parison inside a mould, and injecting air to inflate the parison against the mould walls. Common plastic materials used are PE, PVC, PET and others. The key components of blow moulding machines are the extruder to form the parison and the moulding unit. Extrusion blow moulding is the main method where the parison is extruded continuously or intermittently before moulding.
This document discusses various plastic molding techniques used in manufacturing. It describes the key parts and processes for common molding types like injection molding, blow molding, compression molding, and rotational molding. The core components of any plastic mold include the cavity, core, sprue bush, guide pillars and bushes, and register ring. Proper alignment of the mold halves is important to ensure an even-walled product. Cavities and cores can be machined directly into the mold plates or incorporated as separate inserts.
Thermoforming is a process where a heated plastic sheet is formed into a desired shape. There are three main methods: vacuum forming uses suction to pull the sheet onto a single-surface mold; pressure forming uses air pressure to push the sheet against a mold; and mechanical forming uses matching molds that sandwich the sheet to shape it. Common materials used are polystyrene, ABS, and polycarbonate. Thermoforming is widely used for consumer packaging, construction materials, and vehicle and appliance interiors.
This document provides information about various polymer processing techniques taught in a polymer engineering fundamentals course. It discusses casting, slush molding, extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, rotational molding, fiber spinning, film extrusion methods, blow molding techniques, and secondary shaping processes. Examples and basic process descriptions are provided for each technique.
Ideal process parameters in injection mouldingNaik Devang
This document discusses ideal process parameters for injection molding. It defines key terms like injection pressure, screw speed, back pressure, and nozzle. It explains the importance of melt temperature, flow rate, pressure, time, screw surface speed, and material drying. Process settings like mold temperature, cavity pressure, sprue bush diameter, and gate mechanism are also covered. The document emphasizes that melt temperature must be controlled to reproduce parts consistently across machines and that education is key to successful implementation of injection molding.
The document discusses the polymer processing technique of extrusion. It begins with an overview of extrusion and the main components of an extruder. It then describes in detail the different zones of a single screw extruder and how polymer pellets are softened, melted and shaped as they pass through each zone. Common issues like die swelling, melt fracture and surging during extrusion are also explained along with methods to reduce them. Finally, modified extrusion techniques like co-extrusion, blown film extrusion and crosshead extrusion are briefly introduced.
The document provides an overview of injection moulding, including:
- The history of injection moulding beginning in the 1870s.
- The injection moulding process which involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mould.
- The main types of injection moulding machines: hand, plunger, and reciprocating screw types.
- Key machine components like the screw and their functions in plasticizing and injecting the material.
- Common materials used for injection moulding like ABS, nylon, polypropylene.
MODERN INSTRUMENTS AND MACHINERIES USED IN AYURVEDIC PHARMACIESAparnaNandakumar12
This document summarizes various types of dryers and grinding/mixing equipment used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It describes drum dryers, spray dryers, tray dryers, tunnel dryers, rotary dryers, fluidized bed dryers, vacuum dryers, and freeze dryers used for drying pharmaceutical products. It also discusses various grinders like disintegrators, end runner machines, edge runner machines, ball mills, and mixers used for reducing particle size and uniformly mixing pharmaceutical powders.
The document discusses the polymer extrusion process. It begins by defining extrusion as a process that forces softened polymer through a die to create constant cross-section products like rods, sheets, pipes and films. It then describes the main steps: plastic is fed into a hopper and pushed by a rotating screw through heating zones in a barrel before exiting through a die. Key components are identified as the screw, barrel, die and cooling unit. Extrusion is used mainly for thermoplastics to create continuous, low-cost products like pipes, films and plastic sheets.
The document provides information about beverage cans and their manufacturing process. It discusses that beverage cans are aluminum containers that hold drinks like soda. The manufacturing process involves 14 main steps: 1) uncoiling aluminum sheet, 2) cupping, 3) wall-ironing and end forming, 4) trimming, 5) washing, 6) outside coating, 7) printing, 8) drying, 9) internal coating, 10) necking, 11) flanging, 12) end coating, 13) testing for defects, and 14) palletizing into stacks for transportation. Beverage cans are produced at high speeds through these automated steps to form the aluminum containers from coiled sheets.
The document provides information on the history, process, types of machines, and components of injection moulding. It discusses:
- The origins of injection moulding dating back to 1870, with major developments in the 1950s in Germany.
- The injection moulding process involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mould to form solid parts.
- The main types of injection moulding machines: hand, plunger, and reciprocating screw types.
- Key components of the reciprocating screw machine including the feeding, compressing and metering zones, and machine operation sequence of injecting, packing, cooling and ejecting.
This document provides information about plastic injection molding processes. It begins with an overview of plastic products and mold types, including injection, blow, rotational, and extrusion molding. It then covers the product development process for injection molding, including mold design, machining, materials, defects, and design considerations. The document discusses the main components of injection molding machines and their functions. It also explains cooling systems, gate types, and ejection systems for molds. In summary, the document outlines the key steps and factors involved in plastic injection molding from design to production.
A lecture delivered by our group project on Injection Moulding.
If there are any contents that has violated any intellectual rights, please let me know and I will try my best to correct it wherever I can.
This type of moulding is helpful to make containers ,jars ,water bottles and many more so please kindly go through this process .With the help of this type of moulding we can perform our experiment of our daily used water cans e.g: 5ltrs ,10ltrs ,20ltrs ,25ltrs ect.
The document discusses the injection molding process used at Sharp Electric industry in Gujranwala, Pakistan. It describes how plastic parts like chairs, tables, and religious items are manufactured. The process involves melting plastic raw materials like polypropylene and injecting them into molds under high pressure to form the desired shapes. The document outlines the key steps, equipment, materials used, and advantages of the injection molding process.
This document provides an overview of injection molding. It describes the different types of injection molding machines and their key components. The complete injection molding process and cycle is explained, including plasticization, injection, packing, cooling, and ejection. Process parameters that affect quality are identified. Common defects are defined and potential causes are listed. Applications and advantages/disadvantages of injection molding are also summarized.
Blow molding is a manufacturing process where a tube of hot, soft plastic called a parison is placed inside a mold and inflated using compressed air. The air forces the plastic to conform to the shape of the mold cavity. Once cooled, the molded plastic article takes on a precise shape matching the interior of the mold. Common products made using blow molding include bottles, containers, and jerry cans.
The extrusion process works by forcing molten plastic material through a die to impart a desired shape or profile. The plastic material is fed into a heated barrel with a helical screw that compresses and melts the plastic as it moves it through different zones. In the metering zone, the melted plastic acquires a constant flow rate before exiting through the die. The extruded material is then rapidly cooled on a conveyor belt to set its shape.
Extrusion molding is a process that uses heat and pressure to form plastic into continuous lengths with uniform cross-sections like pipes, rods, or sheets. The plastic is fed into an extruder which heats and melts it before forcing it through a die. The shape of the die determines the shape of the extruded plastic. Common products made through extrusion molding include pipes, hoses, siding, fencing, deck railings, and plastic bags.
Compression and transfer molding are processes used primarily for thermosetting plastics. In compression molding, the plastic charge is placed directly into a heated mold cavity and formed under pressure. Transfer molding injects melted plastic into molds through narrow channels. Both processes form parts like dishware, pot handles, ski components, and rubber shoe soles under heat and pressure in heated molds.
The document discusses blow molding, which is a widely used process for producing hollow plastic objects like bottles. It involves extruding a plastic tube called a parison and then inflating it inside a mold cavity to take the shape of the mold. There are different types of blow molding machines and methods depending on how the parison is formed, such as extrusion blow molding which uses an extruded tube and injection blow molding which uses an injection molded preform. Key parts of the blow molding process include the extruder, die assembly, mold, and mechanisms for closing the mold and injecting air to inflate the parison. A variety of plastic materials can be blow molded such as PE, PP, PET
The document discusses the blow moulding process. Blow moulding is used to produce hollow plastic objects like bottles in a low-cost and simple way. It involves melting plastic material, extruding it into a tube (parison), placing the parison inside a mould, and injecting air to inflate the parison against the mould walls. Common plastic materials used are PE, PVC, PET and others. The key components of blow moulding machines are the extruder to form the parison and the moulding unit. Extrusion blow moulding is the main method where the parison is extruded continuously or intermittently before moulding.
This document discusses various plastic molding techniques used in manufacturing. It describes the key parts and processes for common molding types like injection molding, blow molding, compression molding, and rotational molding. The core components of any plastic mold include the cavity, core, sprue bush, guide pillars and bushes, and register ring. Proper alignment of the mold halves is important to ensure an even-walled product. Cavities and cores can be machined directly into the mold plates or incorporated as separate inserts.
Thermoforming is a process where a heated plastic sheet is formed into a desired shape. There are three main methods: vacuum forming uses suction to pull the sheet onto a single-surface mold; pressure forming uses air pressure to push the sheet against a mold; and mechanical forming uses matching molds that sandwich the sheet to shape it. Common materials used are polystyrene, ABS, and polycarbonate. Thermoforming is widely used for consumer packaging, construction materials, and vehicle and appliance interiors.
This document provides information about various polymer processing techniques taught in a polymer engineering fundamentals course. It discusses casting, slush molding, extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, rotational molding, fiber spinning, film extrusion methods, blow molding techniques, and secondary shaping processes. Examples and basic process descriptions are provided for each technique.
Ideal process parameters in injection mouldingNaik Devang
This document discusses ideal process parameters for injection molding. It defines key terms like injection pressure, screw speed, back pressure, and nozzle. It explains the importance of melt temperature, flow rate, pressure, time, screw surface speed, and material drying. Process settings like mold temperature, cavity pressure, sprue bush diameter, and gate mechanism are also covered. The document emphasizes that melt temperature must be controlled to reproduce parts consistently across machines and that education is key to successful implementation of injection molding.
The document discusses the polymer processing technique of extrusion. It begins with an overview of extrusion and the main components of an extruder. It then describes in detail the different zones of a single screw extruder and how polymer pellets are softened, melted and shaped as they pass through each zone. Common issues like die swelling, melt fracture and surging during extrusion are also explained along with methods to reduce them. Finally, modified extrusion techniques like co-extrusion, blown film extrusion and crosshead extrusion are briefly introduced.
The document provides an overview of injection moulding, including:
- The history of injection moulding beginning in the 1870s.
- The injection moulding process which involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mould.
- The main types of injection moulding machines: hand, plunger, and reciprocating screw types.
- Key machine components like the screw and their functions in plasticizing and injecting the material.
- Common materials used for injection moulding like ABS, nylon, polypropylene.
MODERN INSTRUMENTS AND MACHINERIES USED IN AYURVEDIC PHARMACIESAparnaNandakumar12
This document summarizes various types of dryers and grinding/mixing equipment used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It describes drum dryers, spray dryers, tray dryers, tunnel dryers, rotary dryers, fluidized bed dryers, vacuum dryers, and freeze dryers used for drying pharmaceutical products. It also discusses various grinders like disintegrators, end runner machines, edge runner machines, ball mills, and mixers used for reducing particle size and uniformly mixing pharmaceutical powders.
The document discusses the polymer extrusion process. It begins by defining extrusion as a process that forces softened polymer through a die to create constant cross-section products like rods, sheets, pipes and films. It then describes the main steps: plastic is fed into a hopper and pushed by a rotating screw through heating zones in a barrel before exiting through a die. Key components are identified as the screw, barrel, die and cooling unit. Extrusion is used mainly for thermoplastics to create continuous, low-cost products like pipes, films and plastic sheets.
The document provides information about beverage cans and their manufacturing process. It discusses that beverage cans are aluminum containers that hold drinks like soda. The manufacturing process involves 14 main steps: 1) uncoiling aluminum sheet, 2) cupping, 3) wall-ironing and end forming, 4) trimming, 5) washing, 6) outside coating, 7) printing, 8) drying, 9) internal coating, 10) necking, 11) flanging, 12) end coating, 13) testing for defects, and 14) palletizing into stacks for transportation. Beverage cans are produced at high speeds through these automated steps to form the aluminum containers from coiled sheets.
The document provides information on the history, process, types of machines, and components of injection moulding. It discusses:
- The origins of injection moulding dating back to 1870, with major developments in the 1950s in Germany.
- The injection moulding process involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mould to form solid parts.
- The main types of injection moulding machines: hand, plunger, and reciprocating screw types.
- Key components of the reciprocating screw machine including the feeding, compressing and metering zones, and machine operation sequence of injecting, packing, cooling and ejecting.
This document provides information about plastic injection molding processes. It begins with an overview of plastic products and mold types, including injection, blow, rotational, and extrusion molding. It then covers the product development process for injection molding, including mold design, machining, materials, defects, and design considerations. The document discusses the main components of injection molding machines and their functions. It also explains cooling systems, gate types, and ejection systems for molds. In summary, the document outlines the key steps and factors involved in plastic injection molding from design to production.
A lecture delivered by our group project on Injection Moulding.
If there are any contents that has violated any intellectual rights, please let me know and I will try my best to correct it wherever I can.
This type of moulding is helpful to make containers ,jars ,water bottles and many more so please kindly go through this process .With the help of this type of moulding we can perform our experiment of our daily used water cans e.g: 5ltrs ,10ltrs ,20ltrs ,25ltrs ect.
The document discusses the injection molding process used at Sharp Electric industry in Gujranwala, Pakistan. It describes how plastic parts like chairs, tables, and religious items are manufactured. The process involves melting plastic raw materials like polypropylene and injecting them into molds under high pressure to form the desired shapes. The document outlines the key steps, equipment, materials used, and advantages of the injection molding process.
This document provides an overview of injection molding. It describes the different types of injection molding machines and their key components. The complete injection molding process and cycle is explained, including plasticization, injection, packing, cooling, and ejection. Process parameters that affect quality are identified. Common defects are defined and potential causes are listed. Applications and advantages/disadvantages of injection molding are also summarized.
Blow molding is a manufacturing process where a tube of hot, soft plastic called a parison is placed inside a mold and inflated using compressed air. The air forces the plastic to conform to the shape of the mold cavity. Once cooled, the molded plastic article takes on a precise shape matching the interior of the mold. Common products made using blow molding include bottles, containers, and jerry cans.
The extrusion process works by forcing molten plastic material through a die to impart a desired shape or profile. The plastic material is fed into a heated barrel with a helical screw that compresses and melts the plastic as it moves it through different zones. In the metering zone, the melted plastic acquires a constant flow rate before exiting through the die. The extruded material is then rapidly cooled on a conveyor belt to set its shape.
Compression molding involves placing a thermosetting plastic material directly into a heated metal mold. The material is softened by heat and forced to conform to the shape of the mold. The plastic is subjected to heat and pressure in a single stroke using a hydraulic press with heated platens. The temperature and pressure applied depends on the plastic's properties. Once molded, the excess material is trimmed off as flash and the hardened part is ejected from the mold. Examples of items made by compression molding include switches, circuit breakers, gears, coils, and connectors.
Rotational molding involves heating plastic powder inside a hollow mold that rotates along two axes. This allows the melted plastic to coat the inside surface of the mold uniformly. The rotating mold is then cooled by water, causing the plastic to solidify into the desired shape. Once solidified, the mold is opened and the molded product is removed. Common products made through rotational molding include balls, dolls, water tanks, and boats.
Injection molding is a process where molten plastic is injected into a cold mold under high pressure, where it solidifies into the shape of the mold. The plastic material is fed into a heated barrel where it is softened and then injected through a nozzle into the mold cavity. Once filled, the mold is cooled to solidify the plastic before being opened to eject the molded part. This cycle can be repeated automatically to produce many plastic parts like toys, bottles, automotive components, and more.
Parison programming is used in blow molding to automate the process and improve productivity. It involves changing the thickness of the extruded plastic (parison) to control wall thickness and weight distribution. The gap between the bushing and mandrel in the die head is varied during extrusion using a hydraulic system controlled by a programmer. This allows producing parisons with varying thickness to compensate for differences in how areas expand during blowing. Parison programming reduces plastic usage, improves quality and wall thickness uniformity, decreases cooling times, and increases productivity.
Defects, Causes and Remedies in Extrusion Blow.pptxSunilKumar399264
This document discusses various defects that can occur in extrusion blow molding such as bubbles, streaks, uneven thickness, blowouts, and more. For each defect, it identifies potential causes such as moisture in the resin, die/mandrel misalignment, temperature issues, contamination, and process parameter issues. It then provides recommendations for remedies to address each cause, such as keeping resin dry, improving alignment, adjusting temperatures, cleaning equipment, and modifying process parameters. The goal is to help operators identify and troubleshoot the root causes of defects.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
2. Principal
• Blow molding is a manufacturing process that is used to create hollow
plastic parts by inflating a heated plastic tube until it fills a mold and forms
the desired shape.
or
• Blow of air into a plastic tube that is closed on all sides except the point at
which the air enters, the tube will expand and take the shape of
the mold that is around the tube.
or
• Production of a parison (precursor), enclosing of the parison in a closed
female mold, and inflation with air to expand the molten plastic against the
surface of the mold, where it sets up into the finished product.
3. Working
• A hot, softened plastic material tube known as parison is properly
placed inside a two plate cavity mold.
• When the two part of the mold are closed, it pinches and closes one
end of the parison and encloses a blowing pin at the other end.
• Now, the parsion is blown by pressuring from within by blowing
compressed air through the blowing pin.
• The hot parison is inflated like a balloon and goes on expanding until
it comes in intimate contact with the relatively cold interior surface of
the cavity mold.
4. Working
• Under pressure, the parison is ultimately assumes the shape of the
cavity of the mold.
• The mold is allowed to cool and the article formed is removed by
opening the mold.
5. Types of Blow molding
• There are two basic processes of blow molding:
• Extrusion blow molding and
• Injection blow molding.
• Extrusion processes are by far the more widely used, but injection
blow molding and injection stretch blow molding have captured
significant market segments.
6. Extrusion blow molding
• An extruder uses a rotating screw to force the molten plastic through
a die head that forms the parison around a blow pin. The parison is
extruded vertically between the two open mold halves, so they can
close on the parison and blow pin. Pressurized air flows through the
blow pin to inflate the parison.
• This is the most common type of blow molding and is used to
manufacture large quantities of relatively simple parts.
10. Continuous extrusion blow molding
• One of the basic forms of extrusion blow molding is based on
producing a molten tubular parison without interruption.
• In continuous extrusion blow molding the parison is extruded
continuously and the individual parts are cut off by a suitable knife.
• When the tube reaches the proper length, the blow mold is moved
under the die head, where it closes around the parison, pinching one
end closed; the tube is severed by a knife or a hot wire, and the mold
moves to the blow station to clear the way for the next parison.
• Pressurized air is blown into the inside of the parison until it expands
to fill the cavity of the mold, forming the desired product shape.
11. Continuous extrusion blow molding
• The hot plastic product cools and hardens against the mold. Then, the
mold opens, releasing the part.
• Finally, the extra plastic on the ends, called the flash, is removed for
recycling.
• For higher productivity, more than one parison can be extruded from
the die head at a time.
• In the common rising mold type of machine, the blow mold rises from
below to close around the tube; the blow pin enters from the bottom.
• With continuous extrusion the weight of the parison drags and makes
calibrating the wall thickness difficult.
15. Types of continuous extrusion blow molding
• Rotary wheel blow molding systems
• Shuttle machinery
16. Rotary wheel blow molding
• The hollow bodies are blown from the continuously extruded parison
in such a way that they leave the machine as an “endless” chain. The
blow molds attached to the circumference open and close by a flap
motion of usually only one mold half. In the further course of
rotation, the parison is inflated using blowing needles. The bottom
flash of one bottle is connected to the top flash of the next bottle.
• The bottles are deflashed outside the blowing machine and the
sealing surface is usually produced by milling.
• There are systems with 4 to 24 stations, 1 to 2 fold production (two
parisons), 30 mL to approx. 30 liters article volume in the field.
17. Rotary wheel blow molding
• A two-fold, 24-station machine can produce up to 1 million bottles a
day with “neck to neck” molds.
21. Advantages
• Multi-layer coextrusion, with one to seven layers of plastic in the
finished part.
• In some applications, In mold labeling can be integrated with little or
no cycle time penalty.
• Parison programming capability, for optimization of wall thickness.
• Reduced cycle time on light weight containers, compared to shuttle
machinery.
• Ability to achieve very high outputs from a single machine - lowest
"cost per bottle" when compared to other blow molding equipment.
22. Advantages
• Easily implemented view stripe capability.
• Higher production efficiencies than most other extrusion blow
molding equipment types.
23. Disadvantages
• Inability to produce bottles with calibrated neck finishes.
• Downstream trimming required.
• Machines typically dedicated to a narrow range of sizes.
• Product change can be difficult, especially when downstream
trimming changeovers are required.
• High initial capital investment
• Flash between the individual blow molds that must be recycled ƒ
• Due to the specified pitch on the wheel circumference, smaller
bottles produce significantly more flash than larger ones, which is
process related
24. Disadvantages
• An additional finishing step for the neck of the bottles is required
• The neck of the bottles is blown out, a kind of lost head must be cut
off above the bottleneck
25. Shuttle Machinery
• The shuttle is brought under the flow head, where a parison of plastic
material is being constantly extruded. The mold closes and “shuttles”
away from the flow head.
• The mold is then brought to the blow pins, which are then forced
downward into the molds, helping to "calibrate" the necks while air is
forced into the parsion to blow and formed the container. The shuttle
motion allows the parison to be blown and cooled to the side,
without interfering with the parisons, which are continually extruding
from the flow head.
26. Shuttle Machinery
• In a dual-sided shuttle machine, the second shuttle mold is brought
under the flow head while the first set is being blown and cooled,
doubling the machine’s output.
• The machines come in all sizes and configurations from single cavity
to as many as 20-30 and bottle sizes from a few ounces up to a 10
litre jerry can.
28. Advantages
• Low mold cost for low volume output.
• Capable of producing high-quality "calibrated neck" finish with blow
pins.
• In-machine trimming - finished bottles exit the machine.
• Capable of producing handle ware bottles.
• Capable of producing multi-layer bottles (up to 6 layers).
• Relatively inexpensive for small to medium volume production
requirements.
• Most flexible in container size and number of cavities
29. Disadvantages
• Can not process PET material.
• Hydraulics and controls can be complex.
• Requires multiple machines for very high production volumes unless.
• Multiple parisons can be difficult to process consistently.
30. Intermittent extrusion blow molding
• In Intermittent blow molding there are two processes:
• Straight intermittent or Reciprocating Screw extrusion blow molding
• The accumulator head method
31. Reciprocating Screw extrusion blow molding
• Straight intermittent or Reciprocating Screw blow molding is similar to
injection molding whereby the screw turns, then stops and pushes
the melt out.
• Reciprocating Screw blow molding machines are characterized by the
use of a reciprocating screw extruder, as is used in injection molding.
The molds are stationary under the die head and simply open and
close but do not shuttle. As the screw melts the resin, the screw
moves backward, allowing the melted plastic to accumulate in the
end of the barrel. When the screw pushes forward under hydraulic
pressure, the plastic is pushed out of the barrel, extruded through a
flow head and die, to form a plastic parison.
32. Reciprocating Screw extrusion blow molding
• This is the most popular and cost effective method to produce
lightweight dairy, juice and water containers.
• For lightweight containers, cycle times can be very fast with some
under 5 seconds.
34. Advantages
• Very efficient container production, with fast cycle times
• Machines are mechanically simple and easy to operate - the clamps
do not shuttle, and the flowheads do not require bobbing
• Moderate initial capital investment.
• Simple machine motions since clamps do not move.
• Capable of 16 cavities small bottles or 8 gallons. Smaller models
available.
• Relative low cost per cavity
• Can easily run homo polymers and very low melt temperatures.
35. Disadvantages
• Limited to monolayer production.
• Integration of parison programming is expensive, as each head utilizes
a separate parison control system.
• Inability to utilize a screen changer.
• Primary materials are HDPE and limited amount of PP.
36. Accumulator head method
• The viscous resin from the extruder is pushed into an accumulator
head, which is comprised of a chamber that collects a set amount of
molten plastic resin and a pair of cylinders that expel the resin in
a shot. The cylinders also control the shape of the plastic as it leaves
the accumulator.
• When the volume of resin pushed into the accumulator reaches the
capacity needed for the part, the molten plastic is forced through an
extrusion die around a core, called a mandrel or pin. This creates a
tube that determines the inner diameter inside of a perimeter ring,
which creates the outer diameter.
37. Accumulator head method
• The dies are moveable so the wall thickness in the tubular parison can
be changed as it is formed or shot from the accumulator head,
allowing the maximum control of finished product detail.
• The accumulator head methods use hydraulic systems to push the
parison out quickly reducing the effect of the weight and allowing
precise control over the wall thickness by adjusting the die gap with a
parison programming device.
39. Injection blow molding
• The molten plastic is injection molded around a core inside a preform
mold to form the hollow preform. When the preform mold opens,
both the preform and core are transferred to the blow mold and
securely clamped. The core then opens and allows pressurized air to
inflate the preform.
• This is the least commonly used method because of the lower
production rate, but is capable of forming more complicated parts
with higher accuracy. Injection blow molding is often preferred for
small, complex bottles, such as those in medical applications.
42. Working of Injection blow molding
• Homogenize plastic melt in exact amounts is injected through an
injection moulding machine nozzle into one or more preform cavities.
Hot liquid is circulated through mould channels around the preform
cavity and the required preform temperature is achieved.
• The mold opens and the core pin carries the preform in semi-viscous
stage to the second stage i.e. the blow mold station.
• Upon closing blow mold, compressed air is introduced through the
core/ blow pin and the preform blows out and contacts the inside
wall surface of the mold.
43. Working of Injection blow molding
• The product cools and then blow mould opens and the product is
ejected.
44. Advantages of Injection blow molding
• Bottle necks of varying shapes, sizes and wall thickness can be
precisely controlled.
• Products are free of flash.
• The wall thicknesses of a hollow body can be predetermined
exactly.
• There is no weld line on the bottom.
• There is no neck on bottom trim.
• It can be used to almost any type of plastics that can be
injection molded.
45. Disadvantages of Injection blow molding
• High change-over costs from one part to another. This is
caused by the large number of molds and core pins required.
• Limitations of parts size which can be made by blow molding.
• Tooling costs are high as compared to extrusion blow molding.
46. Stretch blow molding
• The stretch-blow process can give many resins improved physical and
barrier properties. In biaxial orientation, bottles are stretched
lengthwise by an external gripper, or by internal stretch rod, and then
stretch radially by blow air to form the finished container against the
mold walls.
• Stretch blow molding is the method of producing a plastic container
from a preform or parison that is stretched in both the hoop direction
and the axial direction when the preform is blown into its desired
container shape.
47. Stretch blow molding
• The preform is formed in the same way as injection blow molding.
However, once transferred to the blow mold, it is heated and
stretched downward by the core before being inflated. This stretching
provides greater strength to the plastic.
• Stretch blow molding is typically used to create parts that must
withstand some internal pressure or be very durable, such as soda
bottles.
48. Working of stretch blow molding
• In the stretch blow molding process, the plastic is first molded into a
“preform” using the injection molding process.
• These preforms are produced with the necks of the bottles, including
threads (the “finish”) on one end. These preforms are packaged, and
fed later (after cooling) into a reheat stretch blow molding machine.
• In the SBM process, the preforms are heated above their glass
transition temperature, then blown using high pressure air into
bottles using metal blow molds.
• Usually the preform is stretched with a core rod as part of the
process.
51. Types of stretch blow molding
• Stretch blow molding is divided into two different categories:
• Single-stage stretch blow molding and
• Two-stage stretch blow molding.
52. Single-stage stretch blow molding
• Single-stage uses the extruder to inject a parison into a preform mold
where the plastic is rapidly cooled to form the preform. The preform
is then reheated and placed in the bottle mold. The then softened
parison stretches to about twice its original length. Compressed air is
then blown into the stretched parison to expand to the bottles mold.
Once the bottle is cooled the mold is opened and the finished bottle
is emptied from the mold cavity.
• In the single-stage process both preform manufacture and bottle
blowing are performed in the same machine.
53. Single-stage stretch blow molding
• This technique is most effective in specialty applications, such as wide
mouthed jars, where very high production rates are not a
requirement.
54. Two-stage stretch blow molding
• Two-stage stretch blow molding is the same as single-stage, except
the preforms are already made. The single-stage process is usually
done using one machine, where the two-stage process uses preforms
that have already been made and cooled.
• In this process, the machinery injection molds a preform, which is
then transferred within the machine to another station where it is
blown and then ejected from the machine. This type of machinery is
generally called injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) and usually
requires large runs to justify the very large expense for the injection
molds to create the preform and then the blow molds to finish the
blowing of the container.
55. Two-stage stretch blow molding
• This process is used for extremely high volume runs of items such as
wide mouth peanut butter jars, narrow mouth water bottles, liquor
bottles etc.
• This allows companies to either make or buy their own preforms.
Because of the relatively high cost of molding and RHB equipment,
this is the best technique for producing high volume items such as
carbonated beverage bottles.
• The stretching of some polymers, such as PET (polyethylene
terephthalate) results in strain hardening of the resin, allowing the
bottles to resist deforming under the pressures formed by carbonated
beverages, which typically approach 60 psi.
56. Two-stage stretch blow molding
• Two stage processing requires an injection line to produce preforms,
and a reheat blow machine to make the finished bottles
• With the two-stage, the process uses extruded or injection molded
preforms that have been cooled, and indexes them through an oven
that reheats them to the proper orientation-blow temperature
57. Advantages of Stretch blow molding
• Low tool and die cost
• Fast production rates
• Ability to mold complex part
• Produces recyclable parts.
• Increase the material’s tensile strength
• Barrier properties
• Clarity
• Reduce weight stretch blow molding produces a container from less
raw material and with improved economics and bottle properties.
58. Disadvantages of Stretch blow molding
• Limited to hollow parts
• Wall thickness is hard to control.
59. Multilayer/Co-extrusion
• Co-extrusion Blow Molding (EBM) is one of the most widely used
techniques in plastic container manufacturing industry to produce
varies kinds of plastics, including HDPE, PVC, PP, PC, and is very
commonly implemented with multi-layer bottles production.
• Co-Extrusion Blow Molding Machine is a machine that implemented
the EBM technique for manufacturing all kinds of plastic containers.
• The plastic co-extrusion process involves extruding two or more
materials through a single die so that materials merge or weld
together into a single structure before cooling.
60. Multilayer/Co-extrusion
• It uses more than two extruders to melt and plasticize the same or
different plastics in different extruders.
• And then compounding, extruding and forming multi-layer concentric
composite parison in the die.
• Its basic process principle is the same as the single-layer blow
moulding technique. Only the moulding equipment uses several
extruders to plasticize a different kind of plastics.
61. Multilayer/Co-extrusion
• There are many reasons to produce hollow articles with a multilayer
wall structure. The most obvious reasons are e. g. to save colored
material or to incorporate plastic waste from industrial and
household waste. As a rule, three-layer systems are used here, with
e. g. 15% colored material in the outer layer, 15% uncolored material
(virgin material) in the inner layer and 70% regrind plastic waste in
the middle layer. Bottles for dairy products usually have a black
colored middle layer which is intended to protect the contents against
UV radiation, while the inner and outer layers are colored white or in
other light colors.
62. Working of Co-extrusion Blow Molding
• A hot tube of plastic material (Parison) dropped from an extruder and
reached the water cooled mold.
• As the mold closed, air is injected from the top or below parts of the
container to blow it up just like a balloon. When the material touches
the mold wall, it is then frozen and maintain its’ rigid shape just as the
mold shape.
• Bottles produced via EBM generates top and bottom flash which
should be further removed and trimmed in the sub-mold. For
situation like handled bottles, then the flash should be removed via
auto de-flashing device or by hands.
63. Working of Co-extrusion Blow Molding
• After the above three process, the containers is now finished. The
bottle should further go through other tests such as leak detection if
necessary based on the usage of the bottle.
65. Advantages of co-extrusion
• Low initial mold tooling costs.
• Flexibility of tooling; molds can accommodate interchangeable neck
finishes.
• Container sizes can range from less than 30ml to 200 Liter.
• Container shape is not restricted; bottles can be long and flat or have
handles.
• Wide selection of machinery; tooling can be specifically geared to
package volume requirements.
• Each material used maintains its desired characteristic properties
(such as stiffness, impermeability, or environmental-resistance).
66. Advantages of co-extrusion
• Capability of making multi-layer and multi-functional structures that
too in a single pass.
• Reduce the number of steps required in general extrusion process.
• High quality mono-layer extrusion coatings in larger varieties.
• Different polymer selection and property criteria leads to overall
saving.
• Less energy required to power the machine.
67. Disadvantages of co-extrusion
• It requires a more sophisticated extruder and its operator, which
leads to extra maintenance cost.
• Physical properties might vary and some might be unable to be
combined.
• Demands considerable planning as well as forethought in the system
design.
• Sometimes it can be difficult to ensure that different polymers have
similar melt viscosities.
68. References
• Plastic engineering handbook by Joel Frados.
• Polymer extrusion by hanser publication.
• Polymer processing by DH Morton Jones.
• Hand book of plastic technology by W.S. Allen/ P.N. Baker.
• SPI Plastics Engineering Handbook by Michael L. Berins.
• SBP Handbook of Plastics.
• Google Photo and google.