The document provides information about beverage cans and their manufacturing process. It discusses that beverage cans are aluminum containers that hold drinks like soda. The manufacturing process involves 14 main steps: 1) uncoiling aluminum sheet, 2) cupping, 3) wall-ironing and end forming, 4) trimming, 5) washing, 6) outside coating, 7) printing, 8) drying, 9) internal coating, 10) necking, 11) flanging, 12) end coating, 13) testing for defects, and 14) palletizing into stacks for transportation. Beverage cans are produced at high speeds through these automated steps to form the aluminum containers from coiled sheets.

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0113361 劉雅
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0113365 陳愛
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BEVERAGE CAN

2. • A metal container designed to
hold a fixed portion of liquid such
as a carbonated soft
drinks, alcoholic beverages, fruit
juices, teas, tisanes, energy
drinks, etc.
• It is made of aluminum.
• Worldwide production for all
beverage cans is approximately
475 billion cans per year
worldwide, 52 billion per year in
Europe.
• The stay-tab opening mechanism
characteristic of most drinking
cans since approximately 1980
Beverage

3. Aluminum
• It is a silvery durable, lightweight, ductile,
malleable metal
• It is found combined in over 270
different minerals. The chief ore of aluminum
is bauxite
• Aluminum is the most abundant metal
element
• Aluminum metal is so chemically reactive
• Unlike plastic, aluminum will always be
recyclable and never deteriorates, no matter
how often its melted down and used again
• Low density and corrosion resistance

4. History
• Began in 1795 when the French government, led by Napoleon, offered
a prize of 12,000 francs to anyone who could invent a method of
preserving food for its army and navy.
• In 1809, can is invented by Nicolas Appert, "father of canning,"
• In 1818, Introduction Of The Tin-Plated Can in America, Peter Durand
introduced the tin-plated can in America.
• In 1819, canned foods introduced in New York City
• Cliquot Club ginger ale was the first canned soft drink in 1938,
followed by Pepsi-Cola in 1948
• Today's consumers buy soft drinks from their grocery stores in
aluminum cans four times as often as in plastic bottles, and thirty-
eight times as often as in glass bottles.

5. Advantages
• Greater malleability : it can be rolled into extremely
thin foil and can be cast and joined and still retain
much of its strength, which adds to its value as a light
packaging material
• Durability : it doesn’t corrode easily
• High thermal conductivity : transfers heat 2.4 times
faster than iron. Ideal for coking and as a cold drink
container
• Low meting point : aluminum has melting point of
660°C compared to iron’s melting point 1540°C.

6. • The polymer coating ensures
the acids and salts in
beverages not to in contact
with the metal.
• Light weight : with a density
of 2.70 g/cubic cm
• Competitive cost
• Usage of easy-open
aluminum ends: no need for a
can opener
• Clean appearance

7. Disadvantages
1. Contain toxic BPA
◦ Bisphenol A, commonly referred to as "BPA," is a toxic
compound found within some plastics. Aluminum can
manufactures line the interior of the cans with a thin coating
of plastic to prevent aluminum from leeching into the food.
◦ According to the Environmental Working Group, BPA
exposure in lab animals caused cancer, infertility,
miscarriages, polycystic ovarian disease and insulin
resistance--ailments the organization hypothesizes also
could occur in people.

8. 2. Pollution
◦ Aluminum smelting gives off sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen dioxide, which can result in both smog and
acid rain. Creating 1 ton of aluminum cans leaves
behind 5 tons of liquid waste material that can pollute
soil and groundwater.
3. Environmental Conservation Issues
◦ One-third of all aluminum manufacturing plants use
coal when they produce aluminum cans. Another 10
percent rely on other fossil fuels, such as oil and
natural gas.

9. 4. Hygiene
◦The top edge of the can may collect dust or dirt in
transit, if the can is not packaged in a completely
sealed box.
5. Taste Difference
◦ The different taste of a drink from a can to be different
from fountain drinks and those from plastic or glass
bottles, especially noticeable in beer, presumably due
to traces of the processing oils used in making the can.

10. Manufacturing
Steps

11. 1. Uncoiller:
◦It starts in a form of thin aluminum sheeting (almost
10 tons) 5 ft. wide
◦and usually 4-8 kilometers long which is being uncoil
for feeding to the
◦cupping press.

12. 2. Cupping Press:
• Actually performs 2
operations:
• Punches out round
pieces
• Bent the pieces into a
cup, the punch presses
this blank through the
draw ring to form a cup

13. 3. Wall-Ironing & End Forming
• The punch sleeves first pushes the pieces through the
ironing dies to reduce its diameter while retaining the
sheet thickness. The cup is held by a blank holder to
prevent puckers

14. • There is a gap between the punch and the wall-ironing rings 1
to 4. The wall thickness of the can is reduced by "ironing" the
tin plate and consequently lengthening the can.
• At the end of this stroke, the punch with the can comes into
contact with the base paneling tool and the can base is
formed. When the ram is withdrawn, the can is removed from
the punch by a stripper and conveyed out of the machine via
an unloader belt.

15. 4. Trimming
• Can is held by a vacuum plate set in rotation
• Then the movable cutter unit is guided to the can.
• While the can rotates precisely once, the can rim
between the upper and lower cutter is cut off burr-free
at the required height

16. 5. Washing
• The wall-ironing lubricant used in the can forming
process
• is removed prior to coating the can internally and
externally.
• The cans are transported to the washer on a wide belt
• and conveyed through several washing chambers
upside down.

17. • The outside of the can is rinsed with tap water
supplied through the jets located at the top, the inside
of the can by the jets located at the bottom
• Then the can is dried with dry air at a temperature of
approx. 200° in the drying oven.

18. 6. Outside Coating
• The cans are coated on the outside as
protection against corrosion and in order
to apply a decorative design. The
coatings are water-based.
• The cans are spaced by an intake wheel
set in rotation around their own axis by
the rotation belt. The coating film on the
coater cylinder is then transferred to the
cans positioned on the rotating coating
mandrels.

19. 7. Printing
• The inks are transferred to the can by rolling the can over the rubber blanket

20. • The can positioned on the mandrel rolls synchronously
over the blanket and the inking unit presses one color ink
onto the rubber blanket, it absorbs the complete
decorative design with all the ink colors.
• The printed cans are then blown off the mandrels and
conveyed to the drying oven by a magnetic conveyor belt.

21. 8. Drying
• The drying oven is basically divided into 3 zones (2
heating zones and 1 cooling zone).
• The heating zones serve to heat the cans and to
evaporate the fluid constituents as well as to cross link
the coating and the printing ink.
• The exhaust air is supplied to the thermal incineration
unit where the exhaust gases from the oven are
incinerated to carbon dioxide and water without any
residue.

22. • After leaving the heating zone, the cans are conveyed
to the cooling zone and are adapted to the ambient
temperature.

23. 9. Internal Coating
• The can is conveyed to a coating turret
and positioned on a vacuum plate.
• It is set into rotation and passes two
spray guns, the first one which coats
the lower section of the body and the
second the body and the base.
• Then the can is conveyed via a
discharge belt to a collective conveyer
and to the internal coating drying oven
connected downstream.

24. 10. Necking
• The can is loaded on to a lifter and the
axial movement of the lifter presses the
open edge into the outer tool.
• The upper rim of the can is bent inwards
and the diameter cylindrically reduced
• The lifter is then withdrawn, the can is
pushed out of the tool using compressed
air and conveyed to the next station.
• A total of 15 stations are required in order
to obtain the required final diameter.

25. 11. Flanging
• The can is again loaded on to a lifter and pressed
axially on to a flanging head.
• The open end of the can is bent outwards by the
rotation of the three rollers of the flanging head and
the flange is formed according to the geometry of the
neck roller.

27. 12. End Coating
• The cans are conveyed via the intake turret to the
working turret.
• Each of the 6 magnetic chucks picks up one can at the
flange and sets it in rotation around its own axis.
• Six spray guns rotate synchronously with the working
turret and spray-coat the base of the respective
allocated cans.

28. 13. Testing for Holes & Flange
Cracks
• Each can is picked up by a support spindle and
immediately moved in an axial direction until
the open side has reached the flange seal.
• It is then conveyed passed a series of lights by
the turret wheel where the light is shed on to
the body of the can.
• If a hole or a flange crack allows light into the
inside of the can, then the sensor on the open
side of the can reacts in such a manner that
this defective can is ejected while the machine
is operating at full speed.

29. 14. Testing for Internal
Defects
• This is performed by a CCD line scan
camera system.
• The images from the five cameras are
compared with a specified image in the
computer system connected downstream.
• If the image doesn’t match to the specified
data in the computer system, then the can
is removed from the can flow via a blow-off
station.

30. 14. Palletizing
• The palletizing unit assembles the cans in up to 23 layers to
a package unit almost 3 m high.
• An empty pallet is being picked up.
• Layers of cans and interim layers are pushed on to the pallet
until the required number of layers has been reached.
• A cover frame made of steel forms the top layer.

31. • Plastic strips are
wrapped around the
package crisscrossing
twice in order to make
it stable for transport.
Then these pallets of
cans are sent to the
beverage company to
be filled.

33. ART OF
BEVERAGE CAN

36. Video
• How It's Made Aluminum Cans
◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7Y0zAzoggY
• Aluminum Can Production
◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WU_iSQa37aA

37. References
• http://www.aluminium-cans.com.au/Intro_benefits.html
• http://www.cancentral.com/can-stats/history-of-the-can
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage_can#History
• http://www.ball-europe.com/Production-process-of-beverage-cans.h
tm
• http://www.toyo-seikan.co.jp/e/technique/can/making/
• http://www.se-mz.ru/en/business/manufact.php

38. Thank you for
listening!! =]