This document discusses various blood products including whole blood, dried plasma, and plasma substitutes. It provides details on: - The collection of whole blood from donors and testing/storage requirements - The processing of dried plasma which involves freezing, drying, and storage at below 20°C for 5+ years - Plasma substitutes made from materials like gum, saline, or polyvinylpyrrolidone that can temporarily restore blood volume until the recipient replaces lost proteins.

1. Blood Products
2 July 2021 Abhijit Debnath BP605T and Biotech Unit-1 1
CO1.1
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology
(Pharmacy Institute) Greater Noida
Abhijit Debnath
Asst. Professor
NIET, Pharmacy
Institute
Unit: 5
Subject Name: Biotechnology
(BP605T)
Course Details
(B. Pharm 6th Sem)

2. Blood Products
2 July 2021 Abhijit Debnath BP605T and Biotech Unit-1 2
 Collection
 Processing and Storage of Whole Human blood
 Dried Human Plasma
 Plasma substitutes
CO1.1
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology
(Pharmacy Institute) Greater Noida

3. BLOOD PRODUCT COLLECTION CO5.2
2 July 2021 Abhijit Debnath BP605T and Biotech Unit-5 3
Blood is the connective tissue consisting of plasma and cellular
component consists of plasma, red and white blood cells, and
platelets. Plasma
Therapy

4. BLOOD PRODUCT COLLECTION CO5.2
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5. BLOOD PRODUCT COLLECTION CO5.2
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6.  Accepted donor – the one who is not suffering from any disease transmitted by transfusion
this includes syphilis, malaria and serum jaundice and is not anemic.
 Collection- the blood is collected from median cubital vein in front of elbow into a sterile
container containing an anti- coagulant solution.
 Not more than 420ml is taken at one attendance immediately afterwards the container
is sealed and cooled to 4-6 degree centigrade.
 Testing- two tests are done
a) serological test to confirm the absence
b) determine the ABO grouping of the cells plasma and Rh grouping of cells.
 Storage- blood must be kept at 4-6 degree centigrade in a sterile environment.
 Uses- in cases of severe loss of blood from the body, during hemorrhage, shock,
uncontrollable diarrhea andvomiting.
BLOOD PRODUCT COLLECTION CO5.2
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7. Whole human blood has several disadvantages:-
 It has poor keeping properties necessitating use within three weeks
 It requires refrigerated storage
 It must be compatible with the blood of the recipient
Dried plasma, on the other hand ,has various advantages:-
 Properly stored it keeps for at least five years
 If protected from light it can be stored for aleast five years
temperature provided this is below 20degrees
 It can be given to patients of any blood group
Major problems to be overcome for preparation:-
 Transmission of viral jaundice-by pooling
 Neutralisation of plasma agglutinins- by cross neutralisation by
soluble agglutinogens, most satisfactory ratio is 9 of A:9 of
O:2of B or AB
DRIED HUMAN PLASMA AND WHOLE HUMAN BLOOD CO5.2
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8.  Dried plasma is prepared from time expired citrated blood which has been centrifuged to
deposit the cell, more than 40% of supernatant fluid is siphoned off through sterile tubes
 Then pooling is done and correct ratio of blood groups is chosen to neutralize powerful
agglutinins, then samples are tested for sterility.
 Then 400ml quantities are dispensed in MRC bottles and are subjected to freeze drying.
 Preliminary freezing-
 The bottles are sealed with bacteriologically efficient fabric pads covered by ring type closures
and then centrifuged at -18degree centigrade . The liquid snap-freezes and becomes distributed
around the inside of the bottle.
PROCESSING AND STORAGE FOR DRIED HUMAN PLASMA CO5.2
2 July 2021 Abhijit Debnath BP605T and Biotech Unit-5 8

9.  Primary drying - The bottles of frozen material are mounted horizontal in the drying chamber and high
vacuum is horizontally in the drying chamber and a high vacuum is applied. The ice sublimes on to a
condensing coil kept at -50 degrees centigrade and a small heater provides the latent heat required for
evaporation this stage takes about two days, after which the residual moisture content is about 2 percent.
 Secondary drying- This is done in another chamber by vacuum dessication over phosphorus pentoxide. It
takes about a day and the product is left with 0.5 percent moisture.
 Storage - It is kept below 20 degrees centigrade and protected from moisture, sunlight and remains usable
for at least 5years
 Usage-it is satisfactory alternative to whole blood in conditions where there is no loss of red cells, for e.g.
burns and scalps, where there is excessive fluid and protein loss.In case of emergency when whole human
blood is unavailable.
PROCESSING AND STORAGE FOR DRIED HUMAN PLASMA CO5.2
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10. OTHER BLOOD PRODUCTS- CO5.2
Dried human serum-
 Preparation- blood is allowed to clot and the supernatant serum being separated after the clot has
retracted
 Storage and usage- it is kept below 20degree centigrade and protected from light, moisture and oxygen
 Usage- treatment of burns and scalps where there is extensive fluid and protein loss also used in cases
of emergency when whole human blood is unavailable
Human plasma protein fraction-
 Preparation- by fractionation of pooled citrated plasma(not more than 0.4%), an organic solvent is used
having proper volatility and bacteriostatic activity, a stabilizer such as sodium caprylate whose function
is to allow the preparation to be heated for hours at low temperature without denaturation of protein.
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11. OTHER BLOOD PRODUCTS- CO5.2
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Uses
1)to treat fibrinogendeficiency.
2)in conjunction with thrombin to assist
adhesion of skin grafts.

12. Properties of ideal plasma substitutes-
• Same colloidal osmotic pressure.
• A fairly low rate of excretion but complete.
• Freedom from toxicity.
• Freedom from antigenicity , pyrogenicity.
• High stability in liquid form at the normal sterilising temperatures and during transport
and storage.
• Ease of preparation, ready availability and low cost.
• Molecular weight such that molecule do not easily diffuse through capillary walls.
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The limited supplies of plasma, the cost of producing the dried form and the risk of
transmitting serum hepatitis stimulated attempts to find substitutes of non-human origin
that could be used to restore the blood volume temporarily while the recipient replaced
the lostprotein.
Examples-gum saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone.
PLASMA SUBSTITUTES CO5.2