This document provides an overview of Lab 1 on blood which focuses on identifying components of blood, blood diseases, and conducting blood tests. The key learning objectives are to identify blood cell types, recognize disease states, and perform blood typing, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tests. The lab includes stations to examine blood slides, determine blood types, measure hemoglobin, and view blood cells using an anatomical table. Key concepts covered include the components and functions of blood, common blood diseases like sickle cell anemia and types of leukemia, blood antigen and antibody interactions in blood typing, and the purposes and procedures for hemoglobin and hematocrit tests.

1. Lab 1 - Blood
PNB 2265

2. Learning Objectives
1. Identify and evaluate various components of human blood
2. Identify blood under different disease states
3. Know how to conduct various blood tests including blood typing,
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

3. Stations
1. Histology Slides- demo slides on microscope (7)
- Identify & draw different cell types
- Differentiate and recognize Leukemia in general
2. Blood typing Station
- Agglutination may take several minutes to occur
- Clean test plates as quickly as possible, with soap and
water DO NOT DISCARD
3. Hemoglobin Station : Each group does 1 test
4. Anatomage Table Station: view blood cell types

4. Introduction
Function:
• Transportation of oxygen and nutrients
• Removing cellular waste
Components:
• Formed Elements
• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets
• Extracellular Matrix
• Plasma

5. Introduction- Cell types
Learning Objectives:
• Identify and describe various components of human blood.​
• Identify different disease states of blood

6. Introduction – Blood Diseases
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Hereditary Condition
• Abnormal hemoglobin is produced
• Infectious Mononucleosis
• Viral disease
• Increased production of Monocytes and Lymphocytes
• Polycythemia
• Over production of RBCs
• Result of Bone Marrow Cancer
• Leukemia
• Type of Cancer that involves the overproduction of leukocytes
• Many different types

7. Blood Typing
Learning Objectives
• Learn about the antigen
and antibodies that
determine blood types
• Learn the procedure to
testing for blood type

8. Blood Types – Introduction: Antigens
Blood travels all throughout the body to deliver nutrients and
oxygen to all of your tissues.
The presence of antigen on our cells allow for our immune cells to
recognize foreign cells present in our bodies.
When foreign cells are identified by our immune cells, the
immune cells then act to destroy them.
Our blood cells have specific antigens present on them that are
different from the antibodies our immune cells carry.
This helps are immune cells not to attack our own red blood cells.

9. Blood Type – Introduction: Antigens
Patient's blood type is determined by the antigen that is present on the
surface of their blood cells.
Type A Type B Type AB

10. Introduction - Blood Type Test
Unknown
antigens
on RBCs
+
+
=
=
Unknown
antigens
on RBCs
Anti-B
antibodies
Anti-A
antibodies No Agglutination
Agglutination
Unknown
Blood Type
Type B Blood

11. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
Learning Objectives
• Learn the procedure of measure the
Hemoglobin levels and why its
important
• Learn the procedure and application
of the Hematocrit

12. Introduction – Hemoglobin
What is Hemoglobin?
• Main Component of RBC
• Four Folded Proteins called Globin
• Red pigment called Heme
Why is Hemoglobin important?
• Each Iron molecule binds an oxygen
How does Hemoglobin help the blood
accomplish its function?

13. Introduction – Hematocrit
• A diagnostic test to see the portion of RBCs in a blood sample
• Multiple Different Disorders can be seen in a hematocrit
• Polycythemia
• Dehydration
• Anemia

14. Question 1:
What is the most abundant type of WBC found within normal
blood?
A. Basophil
B. Monocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Lymphocyte

15. Hematocrit Results!
Normal Anemia Polycythemia Compensated
Blood loss
Dehydration Doping Leukemia

16. Question 2
What is the physiological reasons for the symptoms of Anemia?
(Weakness, Shortness of Breath, Headaches, Poor Ability to Exercise)
A. Lack of Hemoglobin to Bind Oxygen
B. Increased amount of Hemoglobin to Bind more Oxygen
C. Increased Plasma
D. An Infection

17. Question 3
Does it lie within the normal range? If not determine a possible
condition.
A. This is within the normal range
B. Infectious mononucleosis
C. Polycythemia
D. Sickle Cell Disease

18. If blood type “O” has anti-A and anti-B,
antibodies, why is it a universal donor?
Blood Type

19. Question 4
Determine the blood type.
A. A-
B. B-
C. AB+
D. O-

20. Reminders
• Make sure to upload all drawn images individually to
Kura Cloud
• Results and Discussion page is also to be done Alone!
• Lab Report 1 is due before your next lab session starts