Blockchain Demystified

Game Changing Technology
Philosophy, Concepts and Applications
For
BDNOG14 Conference (Bdnog.org) on Internet Operational
Technology
11:30am – 1:00 pm Mon 1 Jul 2022 in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
6/30/2022 The Computers Limited (Estd 1983) 1

K Atique e Rabbani
B Tech (Hons), UK, FCA
Managing Director, The Computers Ltd
Chief, BARED (Blockchain Academy for Rresearch, Education and Development)
Blockchain Evangelist, Software Project manager, Designer, Software Developer in UK and Bangladesh
Director, Biman Bangladesh Airlines Ltd Board
Independent Director, ADN Telecom Ltd
Board Member and Past President, Institute of Internal Auditors Bangladesh
Former VP, Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Founder Member, Past Treasurer and Secretary General, BCS and BASIS
Former Director, ICB Securities Trading Co. and Energypac Power Generation Ltd
Life Member, MECA and Cadet College Club Ltd
fb/atique.rabbani; www.linkedin.com/in/khondkar-atique-e-rabbani-4ab6846/:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG43OKVAHzNwZ5SK_aN28yg
6/30/2022 2
The Computers Limited (Estd 1983)

Index
1. Blockchain Philosophy/ Concepts
a. What is a block? What is a blockchain?
b. Today’s predicaments in the digital world
c. Why Blockchain now?
d. Blockchain Philosophy
e. Distributed Ledger Technology
f. Cryptography
g. Hash Functions, NONCE, Merkle Tree, Consensus
Algorithm
h. Smart Contracts
2. Blockchain Applications
a. Bitcoin and other Cryptocurrencies
b. Other Blockchain Applications
c. Blockchain comes to rescue Networking Professionals
and Blockchain DNS
3. Epilogue

1
Blockchain
Philosophy/ Concepts

1a
What is a block? What is
a Blockchain?

Blockchain
neither blocks
nor chains, it
frees you
6/30/2022 6

Blockchain keeps data in
Blocks. Blocks form a
specially linked
impenetrable chain.
Hence Blockcahin
6/30/2022 7

Database v Blockchain
•Blockchain is a database
but not all databases are
Blockchain
•Databases keep data in
files or tables, Blockchain
keeps data in blocks which
are then chained linked by
cryptographic hashes
6/30/2022 8

What is a Block?
Identity of
Previous Block
Identity of
This Block
Transaction
Data
6/30/2022 9

What is the Chain?
Public or Private
First Block
(Genesis Block)
Previous Block Identity
X1Y1
9845W
This Block Identity
X1Y1
This Block Identity
9845W
This Block Identity
GT6HYM
Transaction Data
A sends Tk 1000 to B
Transaction Data
B sends Tk 2000 to C
Transaction Data
B sends Tk 100 to A
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
6/30/2022 10

What is Immutable?
First Block
(Genesis Block)
X1Y1
(Mismatch)
9845W
This Block Identity
X1Y1
This Block Identity
(Block ID changes)
RIC78
This Block Identity
GT6HYM
Transaction Data
A sends Tk 1000 to B
Transaction Data
(Say, Some one hacks and
changes Data)
B sends Tk 333 to C
Transaction Data
B sends Tk 100 to A
All transactions are recorded tamper proof in Blockchain- One Open Ledger
6/30/2022 11

What is Distributed?
First Block
(Genesis
Block)
Previous
Block
Identity
X1Y1
Previous
Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
X1Y1
This Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
GT6HYM
Transactio
n Data
A sends Tk
1000 to B
Transactio
n Data
B sends Tk
2000 to C
Transactio
n Data
B sends Tk
100 to A
First Block
(Genesis
Block)
Previous
Block
Identity
X1Y1
Previous
Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
X1Y1
This Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
GT6HYM
Transactio
n Data
A sends Tk
1000 to B
Transactio
n Data
B sends Tk
2000 to C
Transactio
n Data
B sends Tk
100 to A
First Block
(Genesis
Block)
Previous
Block
Identity
X1Y1
Previous
Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
X1Y1
This Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
GT6HYM
Transactio
n Data
A sends Tk
1000 to B
Transactio
n Data
B sends Tk
2000 to C
Transactio
n Data
B sends Tk
100 to A
A B C
6/30/2022 12

What is Decentralised?
Central Authority | Peer to Peer
First Block
(Genesis
Block)
Previous
Block
Identity
X1Y1
Previous
Block Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
X1Y1
This Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
GT6HYM
Transaction
Data
A sends Tk
1000 to B
Transaction
Data
B sends Tk
2000 to C
Transaction
Data
B sends Tk
100 to A
First Block
(Genesis
Block)
Previous
Block
Identity
X1Y1
Previous Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
X1Y1
This Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
GT6HYM
Transaction
Data
A sends Tk
1000 to B
Transaction
Data
B sends Tk
2000 to C
Transaction
Data
B sends Tk 100
to A
First Block
(Genesis
Block)
Previous
Block
Identity
X1Y1
Previous
Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
X1Y1
This Block
Identity
9845W
This Block
Identity
GT6HYM
Transaction
Data
A sends Tk
1000 to B
Transaction
Data
B sends Tk
2000 to C
Transaction
Data
B sends Tk
100 to A
A B C
6/30/2022 13

Four legs of Blockchain
•Consensus driven
•Immutable
•Decentralised
•Distributed/
Replicated
6/30/2022 14

Information is added when
everyone agrees.
Consensus
6/30/2022 15

Information is safe when no one
can change it.
Immutable
6/30/2022 16

Information is secure
when everyone knows.
Distributed
Decentralised
6/30/2022 17

6/30/2022 18

What is the big deal in
Blockchain?
Certainty
In Digital World
Blockchain, Distributed Ledger Technology, Cryptography, Smart Contract, Block ID, Previous Block ID,
Hash function, Mathematical Algorithm, Proof of Work, Time Stamp, Nonce, Double Spend Problem, Peer
to Peer (P2P) Network, Internet of Value, One way function, protocol, secure by design, Byzantine Fault
tolerance, Decentralised, Documenting Provenance, Cryptocurrency, Identity Management, Merkle Trees,
Satoshi Nakamoto (Bitcoin) , Vitalik Buterin (Ethereum)
6/30/2022 19

What is then Blockchain?
Blockchain is
a. a Concept
b. a Ledger
c. an Asset administration tool
d. a technology (based on
Cryptography and Distributed
Ledger Technology)

Blockchain – Internet of Value
1. Printing press 1439
German Gutenberg –
democratization of
knowledge to masses –
filled knowledge gap
2. Steam Engine 1781 Scottish
Engineer James Watt –
Industrial Revolution –
filled power gap
3. Internet of Information –
filled information gap
4. Internet of Value – Fourth
Industrial Revolution –
filling
trust/faith/authenticity gap
6/30/2022 21

Blockchain gives us a
World Wide Ledger
It turns Internet of
Information to
Internet of Value

Blockchain – Internet of Value
Just like information one can send
value over internet instantly
without double spend
6/30/2022 23

Blockchain is error free, super audit
friendly Ledger and more
Traceability, Provenance,
Credentialling are its hallmarks
We must know about it from a well informed user level
6/30/2022 24

Blockchain Trilemma
• Centralisation – Decentralisation
continuum
• Secure – insecure continuum
• Fast – slow continuum
• More decentralization, more security,
less speed of execution
• Less decentralization, less secure,
higher speed of execution
• Innovations addressing these

Types of Blockchain
• Public
• Bitcoin, Ethereum
• Permissionless
• Any one can join
• Decentralised, disintermediated, secure, slow
• Public and Open - Currencies
• Public and Closed – Voting
• Private
• Hyperledger
• R3 CORDA
• Quorum
• Permissioned
• Consortium – industry players controlled
• Only permitted can join
• Centralised – Decentralised, Less Secure, faster
• Private and Open – Government records
• Private and Closed – Tax returns, Military

1b
Today’s predicaments in
the digital world

Internet today
information at fingertips
short on authenticity

Digital world today
long on collecting data
short on securing data

Digital world today
long on collecting user data
short on giving user ownership of data

Digital world today
long on impersonation
short on identity protection

Real Identity
6/30/2022 32

Mask of anonymity
On the internet nobody knows you are a dog

Digital world today
still centralised
short on empowering user

1c
Why Blockchain Now?

Height of Toxic
Centralised System

Boom in
Computing Power
Digitized Data

Rising Trends in ICT -1
Rise in Computing power
6/30/2022 38
• Gordon Moore ( born Jan 3, 1929 ) is the co-founder and Chairman Emeritus of
Intel Corporation and the author of Moore's Law.
• Under Gordon Moore, Intel introduced the world's first single-chip
microprocessor, the Intel 4004 invented by Intel engineers

Rising Trends in ICT-2
6/30/2022 39
• Moore's Law - observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore,
co-founder of Intel
• Number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits
would double every year since the integrated circuit was
invented.
• Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the
foreseeable future.

Rise in Information Storage from Analog to Digital format
6/30/2022 40
• 5 billion (63% of world population) internet users upto April 2022.
• Compare this to the 3.42 billion users at the end of 2016.
• Over 1.94 billion websites
• info.cern.ch was the first-ever website on the Internet, published on August 6, 1991.
• Over 7 billion search queries a day processed by Google (though some say it could be
as high as 10 billion per day).
• 15% of those queries are new - have never been searched for on Google before.

Rise in Information Storage from Analog to Digital format
Rising interest in Blockchain
6/30/2022 41

1d
Blockchain Philosophy

Blockchain is the difference between
Vanity Digitisation
and
Sanity Digitisation

সৎসঙ্গে স্বর্গবাস,
অসৎ সঙ্গে সবগনাশ
You are known by the
company you keep.

Ours is a digital world. No going away from that.
1. Be careful of the company you keep. Be careful
of the technology we adopt.
2. What good is technology if it steals my identity,
my privacy, hacks my data, my mind.
3. So far we had sort of vanity digitization.
4. Blockchain has ushered in sanity Digitisation.

6/30/2022 46

Blockchain is a
truth technology

Shared
truth

Paradigm Shift
One to Many

Blockchain moves
Custody of Information
From
One to Many

When everyone
knows truth is
secured

6/30/2022 52
Future is
peer to peer.
Future is
Disintermediation

Blockchain is
an age old village
community idea
extrapolated in this internet
connected digital world

Blockchain – One truth
Everyone knows the same
1. In a village called Abhaypara in Bangladesh
there are about 200 people
2. Assume there is no “Matabbor” in
Abhaypara
3. Everyone knows which house, piece of
land, cow, goat, duck, chicken belong to
whom
4. If some one sells something to someone
everyone knows it
5. They all depend on synchronous common
knowledge – one truth
6. Basis of Blockchain idea
6/30/2022 54

Essence
•Blockchain is
essentially a cash
system for all value
exchange done
electronically
•No intermediaries
•Instant settlement
6/30/2022 55

Team sport/ Community Game
Both Blockchain and
most present day
systems are team
sport/ community
game – Hence
coordinated
governance is crucial

6/30/2022 57
The future will be
decentralised

Take Blockchain’s calling
Beyond all the technicalities
Blockchain gives us reliable
record keeping
-the core need of our times
6/30/2022 58

Blockchain – Magic Dust
Technologies like AI, ML, DL can intimidate.
1. AI mimics human intelligence
2. ML learns by itself and can improve for eternity.
3. This can challenge humans whose learning diminishes with time.
4. DL shaped around neural network gets better at recognition with each iteration
5. IOT senses, captures and communicates information.
6. More technologies like VR, AR, Robotics abound.
7. We see explosion of data.
8. Blockchain will provide the confidence that all data are correct.
9. Blockchain provides the inherently secure, authenticity lending, peer to peer
deccentralised community governed, privacy preserving platform
10. It is the magic dust

DLT – Distributed Ledger Technology
Tamper proof system of record
Authenticity
Data Security
Decentralisaton
No middle men
Disintermediation
Privacy protection
Self sovereign ID
User Owning Data
User empowerment
Rules without rulers
Blockchain Foundational Technology

Blockchain is a
freedom technology

1e
Distributed Ledger
Technology

Distributed Ledger
All parties write on the same ledger
6/30/2022 63

Double Entry Ledger – Over 600 years old
1. Luca Pacioli (1447-1517)
2. Franciscan Friar (Mendicant, live
on alms)
3. Taught Mathematics to Leonardo
da Vinci
4. In 1494 in Venice published
Summa de arithmetica,
geometria. Synthesis of
mathematical knowledge, algebra
and double entry accounting
system.

FACT or FICTION
Good Information – Reliable Data
1. Toshiba declared false profit of $1.2 billion in
(2015)
2. Satyam (2009) falsely boosted revenue by $1.5
billion
3. Lehman Bros (2008) a 158 year old company
collapsed, $50 billion worthless assets hidden
4. AIG (2005) booked loans as revenue
5. Worldcom (2002) underreported line costs by
capitalizing rather than expensing and inflated
revenues with fake accounting entries
6. Tyco (2002) siphoned money out through
unapproved loans
7. Enron (2001) kept debts off Balance Sheet
6/30/2022 65

Ledger (System of Record) through times
1. Manual: Centralised, Middlemen, Very
limiting, Untenable
2. Digital: Still Centralised, Middlemen,
One point of vulnerability, privacy
compromising, insecure data
3. Blockchain based Digital:
Decentralised, No middlemen, Peer to
peer, Consensus based information
entry, Unerasable data, tamper proof
record keeping, One state of
information accessible by all users

Legacy - Individual Double Entry Ledgers
6/30/2022 67
A B
C
D
Ledger for Ledger for
Need Reconciliation, Debtors verification, Audit
Ledger for Ledger for

Blockchain - Open Ledger
No need for reconciliation or debtor circularization
A sends Taka 100 to B
B sends Taka 50 To C
C sends Taka 40 To D
D sends Taka 10 To A
6/30/2022 68
A B
C
D

Blockchain - Distributed Ledger
No need for reconciliation or debtors circularization
6/30/2022 69
A B
C
D

Distributed Ledger Technology
DLT / Shared Ledger
6/30/2022 70
• DLT – Same Ledger on every node across institutions, sites or
countries
• DLT – Consensus Ledger – Consensus algorithm (PoW, PoS, Voting
System)
• All nodes connected peer to peer
• No central administrator
• No centralized Data Storage
• Blockchain is based on DLT
• DL can be permissionless or permissioned
• This determines if anyone or only approved people can run a node
to validate transactions

Blockchain is an open
(notarized realtime)
ledger replicated over
nodes.
6/30/2022 71

Blockchain is error free, super audit
friendly Ledger and more
Traceability, Provenance,
Credentialling are its hallmarks
We must know about it from a well informed user level
6/30/2022 72

Satoshi Nakamoto is Luca Pacioli of our times
Luca Pacioli (1447-1515) v Nakamoto (31 Oct 2008)

1f
Cryptography

A word about Cryptography
1. If we wish to communicate without
third party knowing we use
Cryptography.
2. It is the study and practice of secure
communication in the presence of
third parties called adversaries.
3. It comes from Greek words meaning
hidden, secret, to write and study.
4. Cipher text is unintelligble text as
opposed to understandable plain
text
6/30/2022 75

A word about Cryptography -3
Symmetric v Asymmetric Cryptography
6/30/2022 76

1g
Hash Function, NONCE,
Merkle Tree, Consensus
Algorithm

Cryptographic Hash Function
1. Mathematical Algorithm turns data
(called message) of any size to a fixed size
string called a hash or digest.
2. It is a one way function ie one cannot
retrieve message from digest. It is
infeasible to do so.
3. It is deterministic in that message will
always produce same digest
4. It is quickly done
5. Any small change in message will
produce a totally different digest
6. It is infeasible to have same digest from
two different messages
6/30/2022 78

Hashing
SHA 256 (Secure Hashing Algorithm)
Text SHA 256 Hash of your string (https://passwordsgenerator.net/sha256-hash-generator/)
Hi 3639EFCD08ABB273B1619E82E78C29A7DF02C1051B1820E99FC395DCAA3326B8
Welcome 0E2226B5235F0FF94A276EB4D07A3BFEA74B7E3B8B85E9EFCA6C18430F041BF8
Taka 3000 1445603B96C797AD81A6964BDE7414D46B595BDD709E35D23BADB3550D7E2A5C
1. In the case of SHA-256, no matter how big or small your input is, the
output will always have a fixed 256-bits length (64 characters)
2. This becomes critical when you are dealing with a huge amount of data
and transactions.
3. So basically, instead of remembering the input data which could be huge,
you can just remember the hash and keep track.
4. https://emn178.github.io/online-tools/sha256.html
5. https://passwordsgenerator.net/sha256-hash-generator/
6. https://andersbrownworth.com/blockchain/
6/30/2022 79

6/30/2022 80
Proof of Work

NONCE and PROOF OF WORK -1
NONCE – Number used ONCE
• It is an arbitrary number used once
• Used in cryptographic communication
• Nonce are used to avoid replay attacks.
• For example an attacker could order products over and over again under the
same name and purchase information by getting hold of the encrypted order
information and—without needing to decrypt—continue to repeatedly send that
particular order to the supplier.
• The nonce is used to give 'originality' to a given message so that if the company
receives any other order from the same person with the same nonce, it will
discard those as invalid orders.
• In Bitcoin mining miners who find a nonce to obtain the desirable hash wins
bitcoins.
6/30/2022 81

NONCE and PROOF OF WORK-2
Proof of Work
• Proof-of-Work, or PoW, is the original consensus algorithm in a
Blockchain network.
• In Blockchain, this algorithm is used to confirm transactions and
produce new blocks to the chain.
• With PoW, miners compete against each other to complete
transactions on the network and get rewarded
• Nonce are used in Proof of Work
• Nonces are used in proof of work systems to vary the input to
a cryptographic hash function so as to obtain a hash for a certain
input that fulfills certain arbitrary conditions.
6/30/2022 82

Blockchain
Transaction Data represented as a Merkle Tree
6/30/2022 83

1h
Smart Contracts

Smart Contracts
• Smart contracts are Blockchain-based contracts enforced in
real-time by computer code and no human intervention.
• They are created as an agreement between two or more
parties without the involvement of any intermediary.
• The contract exists across a distributed and decentralized
Blockchain network.
• Smart contracts are now a staple in healthcare, real estate,
and even for government agencies.

2
Blockchain
Applications

2a
Bitcoin/
Cryptocurrencies

Myth Buster
Bitcoin
#
Blockchain
6/30/2022 88

What is Bitcoin
Bitcoin
is
Electronic Cash
6/30/2022 89

Just as Cash needs no
intermediaries
Bitcoin
needs
No Intermediaries
6/30/2022 90

Status
Bitcoin
Blockchain
Distributed Ledger Technology
6/30/2022 91

Satoshi Nakamoto – Bitcoin creator
1. Lehman Bros collapsed on Sep
15 2008.
2. Satoshi Nakamoto is a
pseudonym for a person or
group of persons who released
a white paper on Oct 31, 2008
called “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer
Electronic Cash System”
3. It created the world’s first peer
to peer decentralized monetary
system. First manifestation of
Blockchain.
4. Internet based money enabled
online payments without a
third party
5. It (Bitcoin) was not issued by
any Government or third party
6/30/2022 92

6/30/2022 93

What is Ethereum?
1. Ethereum is an open software platform based on
blockchain technology that enables developers
to build and deploy decentralized applications.
2. Thirty big banks, tech giants, and other
organizations—including J.P. Morgan
Chase, Microsoft, and Intel—are uniting to build
business-ready versions of the software behind
Ethereum, a decentralized computing network
based on digital currency.
3. Until relatively recently, building blockchain
applications has required a complex background
in coding, cryptography, mathematics as well as
significant resources.
4. But times have changed. Previously unimagined
applications, from electronic voting & digitally
recorded property assets to regulatory
compliance & trading are now actively being
developed and deployed faster than ever before.
Vitalik Buterin, Russian Canadian,
born 1994, Co founder of Ethereum
6/30/2022 94

FIAT CURRENCY V CRYPTOCURRENCY
•FIAT CURRENCY HAS
PHYSICAL FORM
•FIAT CAN ALSO
HAVE ELECTRONIC
FORM
•CRYPTOCURRENCY
IS VIRTUAL/ DIGITAL
WHICH CAN TAKE
THE FORM OF
TOKENS OR COIN

6/30/2022 96

Cryptocurrencies
6/30/2022 97

2b
Other Applications

Global Blockchain Market -1
• From $3 billion
in 2020 to $40
billion in 2025
• CAGR
(Compound
Annual Growth
Rate) of 67.3%
from 2020 to
2025

6/30/2022 100
Which countries or regions have most blockchain innovations?
Which markets are the hottest?

Blockchain uses
Only Limited by imagination
6/30/2022 101

6/30/2022 102

Blockchain Use Cases
1. Government – in most of its operations
2. Accounting
3. Audit
4. Financial Services Industry
5. Insurance (including micro insurance)
6. Supply Chain, Logistics, Procurement in all
industry
7. Food Safety
8. Counterfeit protection
9. Manufacturing and Retail
10. Healthcare
11. Education
12. Defence
13. Airlines/ Aviation Industry
14. Real Estate
15. Transport and Tourism
16. Media
17. Marketing
18. Charity
19. Refugees
20. Cybersecurity
21. Digital Identity
22. Voting
23. Fundraising
24. Notary
25. Intellectual Property
26. Cryptocurrency
27. Any transaction/ process oriented task

Blockchain uses
Only Limited by imagination
6/30/2022 104

Blockchain Applications in Bangladesh -1
1. In Bangladesh BCC has a pilot certificate credentialling
application
2. IPDC has ‘Orjon’, blockchain based supply chain finance built
on Hyperledger Fabric in 2019.
3. SCB and Contour facilitated using private blockchain to settle
paperless local LC between Viyellatex Spinning and Viyellatex
Garments. SCB, using ANT Group Blockchain technology
launched remittance from Malaysia using bKash.
4. HSBC Bangladesh uses Blockchain to import 20,000 tons of
fuel oil from United Group’s Singapore subsidiary United
Mymensingh Power on the Contour DLT platform. Time was
reduced from 5-10 days to less than 24 hours.
6/30/2022 105

Blockchain Applications in Bangladesh -2
1. Bank Asia incorporating Ripple X Current system
with its CBS to connect to Ripplenet for smoother
remittance transactions.
2. Robi has “Phone Loan” smartphone financing
campaign, a solution using Alternative Credit
Scoring powered by Blockchain and Big Data
analytics.
3. We, in TCL (The Computers Ltd) are planning to
produce “Sanad” for certifying any document
anchored on a public blockchain.
6/30/2022 106

2b
Blockchain comes to rescue
Networking Professionals,
Blockchain DNS

Blockchain comes to rescue
Networking Professionals
1. Networking professionals design, configure, monitor and secures network.
2. It is difficult to ensure whether data provided by networking analysis tools
have been compromised or not.
3. Shifting network and packet management data to a smart contract based,
decentralized Blockchain will certainly give networking professionals
confidence that data is verifiable, auditable, tamper proof.
4. Multiple observers/ nodes can participate to create consensus for network
data/ traffic.
5. Marconi protocol is a new blockchain protocol that uses programmable
packets to enhance security, privacy and neutrality.
6. Marconi protocol provides for a new networking management
infrastructure that retains the connectivity of Ethernet but supplements it
with security, privacy, and decentralized networking.
6/30/2022 108

Blockchain DNS -1
Traditional DNS
• Companies and
Governments have full
control
• They control what can be
said online. They can control
who says it. Technology
enables above
Blockchain DNS
• Domains are stored by the
user in their
cryptocurrency wallet.
Completely different
architecture.
• Puts the user in control of
what goes up or down

Blockchain DNS -2
Traditional DNS
Registries
• Registry .com owned by Verisign.
• Domains are seizable by registries, say
Verisign under orders from US Govt., say.
• In 1990s one person owned French.com.
France wanted that domain, entered into
legal battle and eventually French.com was
reassigned to French authorities.
• A registry .cat for Catalonia was used for
their independence movement. It was
hunted down and shut down by Spanish
authorities.
Decentralised DNS
Blockchain Registries
• Blockchain registries (as against traditional
domain registry) are launched on public
blockchain.
• Domain names not revocable by the
registry.
• Vulnerability is therefore is access to your
private key.
• If you control your private key you control
your domain name and content within it.

Blockchain DNS -3
Traditional DNS
Registrars
• Registrars like GoDaddy are
mandatory custodians of Domain
names.
• Domains can get hacked and made
inaccessible.
• Registrars can also act on behalf of
some political motive and can take
down domains.
• In Lybia vb.ly taken down by Nic.ly,
the registry for .ly.
Decentralised DNS
Blockchain Registrars
• They are frontend apps.
• They wont take custody of your
domains.
• They are just applications which
will help you to update your
website.

Blockchain DNS -4
Traditional DNS
Hosting Services
• These companies lke Amazon Web Services
or other hosting services can not only
remove your content from their platform
but can make your content disappear
completely from Internet.
• Hosting services used for censorship.
• A pretty damning power to prevent one
from publishing one’s content.
• Turkey banned some words like gay and
naked (138 words) from appearing in any
content in websites in Turkey.
Decentralised DNS
Decentralised hosting services
• For decentralised hosting website
content is stored on p2p storage
networks like IPFS

3
Epilogue

Blockchain matters
Excitement
and
Scepticism
6/30/2022 114

Blockchain Acceptability
Some countries provide
favourable backdrop
yet others have created
massive roadblocks
6/30/2022 115

Blockchain brings equity
6/30/2022 116

Incentive to do better

Blockchain concept will
certainly mutate for the better.
Soon no one will know that
they are using Blockchain
technology.
6/30/2022 118

Why should Bangladesh embrace
Blockchain technology in all earnest
1. We are rightly on the pathway
to become a Digital
Bangladesh – Blockchain
enabled Bangladesh
2. We need to achieve SDG by
2030
3. Blockchain technology
(Blockchain 1.0 → Blockchain
2.0 → ..) brings the confidence
in digital space that no data
manipulations are possible
even if we do not know how it
is being done.
6/30/2022 120

A fair digital Bangladesh
1. $ 3.6 trillion dollars is paid in bribes each year
around the world.
2. Corruption is like cancer. It must be eliminated.
3. Blockchain based data infrastructure including
all public and private data is a must for
Bangladesh.
4. Bangladesh will be run a like well oiled IT
company.
5. Individuals will have all services, government
and others, online at their fingertips.
6. We will have emancipated Blockchain powered
Digital Bangladesh
6/30/2022 121

Blockchain
6/30/2022 122

ব্লকচেইন
এই চেইন চেই চেইন নয়
চেই চেইন চেয় োেত্ব
আর
এই চেইন চেয় মুক্তি
6/30/2022 123

Blockchain
This chain is not that chain
That chain enslaves
This chain liberates
6/30/2022 124

Imagine
by John Lennon and Yoko Ono
A Blockchain song
At the age of 30 in 1971 he dreamed of one world one country
one people united in purpose to repair and change itself.
He believed global harmony is within our reach if we reject social
control that inhibit human potential and create economic class.
6/30/2022 125

Imagine
by John Lennon and Yoko Ono
Imagine there is no heaven it is easy if you try
No hell below us above us only sky
Imagine all the people living for today Ah ha ha
Imagine there’s no countries it isn’t hard to do
Nothing to kill or die for and no religion too
Imagine all the people living life in peace Oohoo ooh
You may say I am a dreamer but I am not the only one
I hope some day you will join us and the world will be as one
Imagine there’s no possessions I wonder if you can
No need for greed or hunger A brotherhood of man
Imagine all the people sharing all the world Oohoo ooh
You may say I am a dreamer but I am not the only one
I hope some day you will join us and the world will live as one
6/30/2022 126

Thank you
for
listening

Blockchain Demystified

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