1) Black English, also known as African American Vernacular English, is an English dialect spoken primarily by African Americans in the United States. It originated from West African languages and Southern slave dialects in the 17th-18th centuries. 2) The dialect has distinctive phonological, syntactic, and lexical features compared to standard American English. Some key phonological features include deletion of final consonants and consonant clusters, as well as changes in vowel sounds. Syntactic features include deletion of copula verbs and suffixes. The dialect also incorporates slang terms and in-group expressions. 3) Black English was not acknowledged as a legitimate dialect until the 1930s. It gained more recognition and acceptance as a cultural

1. Characteristics of black english2007130668 inhoeheo 2007130663 GippeumJeong

2. ContentsIntroductionDefinition of Black EnglishOrigin & HistoryFeaturesPhonological FeaturesSyntactic FeaturesLexical FeaturesUsefulExpression

3. Introduction Learning Ebonics

4. Definition of Black EnglishEbonicsBlack EnglishAfrican-American Vernacular EnglishNegro DialectNegro Non-Standard EnglishNon-Standard Negro English : NNE

5. OriginGenetic InferiorityAcknowledged until 1930With no expertise, reflecting its timeNonstandard EnglishDialect of the British in the early New WorldCultural DeprivationTheoryLack of language made by chances of language activityCreoleArtificial Means by African slaves -> Pidgin

6. HistoryPidgin EnglishA slave ship from Dutch arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619The slaves needed a means of communication– Lingua FrancaPlantation CreoleBlacks acquired the Pidgin English as a mother languageSouthern East of America

7. HistoryBlack EnglishInfluence on language and life of white people -> New words until 1930Ex) jazz, jelly roll, blues, sugar, badCivil rights of Black after World War llGeneralization of “black”Judged as a independent language systemAnn Arbor Court, Michigan in 1979Named Afro-American EnglishPidgin English - Plantation Creole - Nigger English – Negrodialect - Black English - Afro American English

8. Features Phonological Features1. The Deletion of /r/Ex 1)court - caught, guard - godEx 2)from - f’om, protect - p’otect, tradition - t’aditionEx 3)carol - cal, pairs - pass, parrot – patEx 4)It is you bag, This is you seat, She is they mother*It is I book, *That is she mother

9. Features Phonological Features2. The Deletion of /l/Ex 1)all - awecool - coofault - faughttoll - toetool - too

10. Features Phonological Features3. The Simplification of Final Consonant ClustersEx 1)bed - /be/, cost - /cos/, desk - /des/, hand - /han/Ex2)dropped – drop, hanged – hang, killed - killEx 3)toad - toeEx 4)clasps – classes, confest – confesses, desk - desses

11. Features Phonological Features4. The Change of Sounds - ConsonantsEx 1)that - datthem - demdeath - deafRuth - roof

12. Features Phonological Features4. The Change of Sounds - Vowels/ai/ /ou/->/æ/find - /fænd/, like – /læk/, nice - /næs/, ride - /ræd//oi/ -> /oə/boy - /boə/, joy - /joə//ing/ -> /ang/sing - /sang/, thing - /thang/

13. Features Phonological Features4. The Change of Sounds - Vowels/e/ -> /i/get - /git/, hemp - /him/, pen - /pin/, ten - /tin/Monophthongizationbeer – bearboil – ballpoor – poura Nasal Vowelrun, rum, rung - /ru/

14. Features Syntactic Features1. The Deletion of CopulaEx 1)he is > he’s > hethey are > they’re > they* I a boy* I happy

15. Features Syntactic Features2. The Deletion of SuffixesEx 1)She eat, He go, It workEx 2)She have a car, He have a house, She do shoppingEx 3)The boy shoes, It be Jimmy son, My mom clothes

16. Features Syntactic Features3. Double NegativeEx 1)I don’t like to drink nothingYou don’t know nothingHe didn’t care nothingEx 2)Doesn’t nobody do such a stupid thingCan’t nobody do nothing about that matterWasn’t nobody feeling guilty about thatDidn’t nobody do it

17. Features Syntactic Features4. Indirect QuestionEx 1)I asked him where did he go that dayI don’t know what did she do in highschoolI like to know what is it

18. Features Syntactic Features5. EtcThere is – It isIt's no money in my pockets.It's no possibility for me to give up on her.It's no money left to buy booze.steady - used as an adverbRicky be steady stepping in them.Your mind is steady working.Her brother be rapping steady.

19. Features Lexical FeaturesSlangmotherfucker, give a shut, kick some’s ass, shitCalling whitehonkie, whitey, white boy, peckerwoodUnity – Exclusionbro, brother, cuz, sister, homboy*Uncle Tom, house nigger, Aunt-JemunaNew Expressionsbust a pose, check the bible, home slice

20. Useful ExpressionYoWhat’s up?Don’t be dissing me!For realHomesNigga (Niggro)G